فصلنامه مطالعات زبان و ترجمه
سال چهل و ششم شماره 2 (تابستان 1392)

With the aid of his genuine poetic imagination, Nizami Ganjavi created an everlasting masterpiece in Persian literature through a local story named ‘Leyli-va-Majnoon’. His fantastic achievement inspired many poets to follow his model. On the other hand, William Shakespeare picked the story of “Romeo and Juliet”, which was well-known in Elizabethan England, transforming it to a celebrated romantic tragedy. The assumption of the present paper is that by taking a naratological approach especially Griema's actantial model of narratology into account, the narratives of Nizami's Leyli-va-Majnoon and Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet can be compared. It may be prudent to first intoduce the two narratives before specifying their narratological similarities along the axes of Griema's model. Simultaneously, the attitudes of the two works toward the woman will be discussed.

The purpose of this cultural study was the analysis of political identities construction in an EFL context. Our site of struggle for the analysis was a private institution and the related variables were English textbooks, six teachers and six learners as our cases. Our whole data collection took from 23 September 2010 to 30 September 2011. Our theoretical framework was inspired by constructivism and in particular Bakhtin's dialogism and we followed an ethnographic methodology in our data collection. The results of the content analysis of the textbooks, teachers and learner's data showed the existence and construction of political identities. The results were discussed in connection with the context of language teaching and some pedagogical implications were also suggested.

This study sought to investigate identity construction in English language learners using critical discourse analysis (CDA). To that end, a number of western cultural points extracted from Interchange Series were integrated into a questionnaire, asking learners to display their own feelings, behaviors, actions and reactions to the points raised. The questionnaire-generated data coupled with interview constituted the study data, which was analyzed using Fairclough CDA framework. The results indicated that the learners (1) positively evaluate the western cultural points raised; (2) demonstrate various cultural orientations; (3) accept their compatibility with the text- based behaviors, and (4) disregard their critical own role in such cultural orientations. Also, the findings showed learners adopt different strategies to achieve their goals.

Guillaume Apollinaire is a famous French poet and writer of the twentieth century. Innovations in modern French poetry has caused him to be remembered as a veteran in this field and it has also added a special beauty to his poetry that cannot be seen in the poetry of other poets before him. He is often known for his “calligrammes”. Alcools is his most famous collection of poems in Europe, especially in France and it has been widely reviewed and studied. But this poet is not much appreciated in Iran and not much study has been done about him especially in the area of his poetry and old legends. One of the striking features of this famous French poet is the existence of various myths in his poetry. It can be firmly said that he is the only poet that has used various mythological legends in his poetry, though he is remembered as a modernist poet.

Genette (1997), one of the literary scholars has offered a practical theory based on the role of “paratextual elements”. This paper, based on this theory, evaluates the role of paratextual elements of directionality of translation and the way of embedding it on covers of translated literary works. After reviewing different attitudes about “indirect translation”, a case study of Persian translations of One Hundred Years of Solitude by Marquez (1967) is presented in order to assess the accuracy of translated texts which are the results of different directionalities of translation. This article analyzes two texts translated from the original text (Spanish) and three texts translated through an intermediary languages. Of these three translations, two texts translated from English translation and one more text translated from the Italian translation of the novel. Different equivalence and addition or deletions which are influential factors in accuracy of translation will be studied in this paper. According to the results, it is concluded that in assessment of translation quality, directionality of translation is not enough criterion. In this regard, knowledge and dexterity of translator deserve prior attention. Also careful selection of the intermediary language is a factor that affects the efficiency of indirect translation.

Since any kind of training aims at educating professionals, this research tries to merge theoretical and practical bases of translation training and remove any obstacles in different educational programs existing in the fields of Translation Studies. Translation training is not confined to language teaching, although mastering both source and target languages will make the translators more successful. The purpose of the present study is to offer a systematic and practical model of translation training in which translation trainees can move to extra-linguistic level after mastering both micro linguistics (phonetics, morphology, syntax, and semantics) and macro linguistics (pragmatics and semiotics) levels of the text. To turn into a professional translator, one should theorize both translation theory and competence. It should be taken into account that becoming a professional translator requires applying supra-institutional (educational) procedures dealt with in this study.