مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 98، امرداد و شهریور 1393)

Root canal obturation aims at sealing the root canal system to prevent re-contamination of canal and periapical space. Presence of moisture in canal before obturation may posit a negative effect on the quality of canal sealing. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of canal contamination with saliva on apical microleakage.

In this laboratory study, 58 human uni-root teeth were cleaned and shaped for obturation with gutta percha and sealer AH26. In the case group, specimens were contaminated with human saliva immediately before obturation, whereas the teeth in the control group were kept dry. All canals were filled by lateral condensation technique. Moreover, the teeth were placed in methylene blue dye for 3 days. Dye penetration was measured using a stereomicrosope. As a matter of fact, the study data were analyzed via utilizing t-test.

A significant difference was found between the two groups in regard with the apical leakage(P<0.001). The microleakage mean of dye in the dry group was 3/48mm, whereas it was 6/36mm in the saliva contaminated group.

The study findings revealed that complete drying of canal can improve apical sealing.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection. Metabolism of trace elements such as zinc and copper can influence the response of immunity system and can activate host 's immunochemical mechanisms against the organism. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in serum levels of Zn and Cu in patients with brucellosis in pre and post treatment compared with healthy persons. In this individual matched case-control study, 26 patients participated who were admitted to infectious unit of Farshchian Hospital with brucellosis. Moreover, 26 healthy individuals were included in the control group. 5mL of venous blood was taken from all cases in pre-treatment as well post-treatment. Then, the serum samples were diluted with deionized water, and Cu and Zn levels were measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. In this study, 26 patients with brucellosis were enrolled, who were 13 men (50%) and 13 women (50%). No significant difference was observed between the patients and the control group in regard with their age and sex. Serum level of Cu in patients with brucellosis was found to be 100.31µg/dl and 92.81µg/dl, respectively before and after the treatment (P=0.495). Serum level of Cu in healthy individuals was reported to be 97.96µg/dl. In addition, serum level of Zn in the patients and controls was 93 µg/dl and 96.38 µg/dl, respectively (P= 0.625). Patient's Zn Serum level was found to be 90.27µg/dl after the treatment. In this study, no significant changes were observed in serum levels of copper and zinc in the patients with brucellosis in comparison with the control group. Besides, no significant changes were reported in serum levels of these elements in the patients in the end of treatment.

Poly lactic co- glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly caprolacton (PCL) are highly applicable polymers in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffolds. Therefore, this study aimed to design an insulin-loaded PCL/PLGA hybrid nanofiber scaffold in order to be applied in attachment and growth of chondrocytes. Moreover, it can provide a vehicle for the controlled release of active insulin in a certain time period. Chondrocyte cells were isolated from septum cartilage tissue utilizing collagenase and were also cultured in monolayer, then the third-passage cells were seeded on the scaffolds. Insulin release from the PCL/PLGA hybrid nanofiber scaffold was examined by Radio Immuno Metric Assay (RIMA) during 22 days. Adherence, distribution and morphology of cells were observed by H&E and alcian blue staining. PCL/PLGA hybrid nanofiber scaffold revealed a slow and sustain release of insulin within three weeks. Chondrocytes were distributed evenly throughout the scaffolds. In addition, they sank into the pores of scaffold and maintained their rounded morphology. Biological activity of insulin has been maintained during 22 days of controlled release from hybrid nanofiber PCL/PLGA scaffold. Chondrocytes were distributed evenly throughout the scaffold and revealed a rounded morphology. Therefore, this scaffold provides a suitable carrier for chondrocyte growth as well as formation of tissue engineered cartilage.

Colorectal cancer survival rate has increased due to the advances in this disease treatment in the recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the survival rate for colorectal cancer patients from 2001 to 2011 in Yazd. In this retrospective cohort study, 604 patients with colorectal cancer were studied who were admitted to the cancer registry of Yazd province from 2001 to 2011. Their death time was determined by the death registry center or their families. Those who died due to other reasons rather than this cancer were omitted. The data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and x2. The mean age of these patients was 58.9±19.99 years and the median age was 62 years. Their survival rates in one, five and ten years were respectively 72.2 %, 50.1% and 39.8% regardless of their sex and age. The survival mean and median were 0.23±6.47 and 0.71±5 years. In this study there was a significant relationship between age and survival rate, though no significant relationship was observed between sex and survival. Moreover, the survival rate in patients younger than 50 years was significantly more than those older than 50 years. Despite advances in colorectal cancer treatment in Iran and around the world, in this study, the long-term survival rate was reported less than that of developed countries.

In spite of improvements in composite function, marginal microleakage in deep composite restoration is still considered as a challenge due to unstable bond between composite and dentin. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate effect of applying different materials on marginal microleakage in posterior composite restoration.

A standard distal box was prepared on 80 human premolar. The gingival floors were 1 millimeter under CEJ. The specimens were divided to four groups. In the first group, 1 millimeter amalgam was used as the first increment in proximal box on gingival floor, in the second group flow able composite, and in the third group, RMGI were used. Other cavities were filled by condensable composite. In the fourth group (control), all the cavities were filled only by condensable composite. The specimens, after 6 months of storage, were placed under cyclic load (10000 cycle- 80 N- 1 Hz), and then were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 6 hours. Afterwards, the specimens were sectioned in the middle of restoration. Extension of dye penetration at the cervical margin was examined under a stereo microscope at 25x magnification and the leakage was evaluated by Fuks degree. The study data were statistically analyzed using the Mann- Whitney U-test (p<0.05).

Microleakage was observed in all the groups. The third group demonstrated the most leakage and the least was for the first group. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups.)p-value =0.689)

In cavities with gingival floor under CEJ, different filling methods have no effect on marginal sealing.

Arterial hypoxemia is one of the main pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Therefore, several proceedings have been recommended to reduce the complications, and to improve arterial hypoxemia as well as arterial blood gas parameters such as incentive spirometry. This study intended to investigate the effect of incentive spirometry on patients´ oxygenation.

In this randomized clinical trial, a sample size of 70 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft was chosen. Incentive spirometry was applied in the experimental group, whereas no special intervention was taken in the control group. Arterial blood gas samples were measured in three stages: Preoperation, the first and second day after surgery. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

In terms of gender, 70% were males and 30% were females whose mean age was 61±9.7. Moreover, the duration of mechanical ventilation was 6.4±1.67. The study results indicated that no significant difference was observed between experimental and control groups in terms of parameters of arterial blood gases in preoperation, first and second postoperative days (P> 0.05).

Utilizing incentive spirometry did not have any effects on improving oxygenation in patients in the first and second days after surgery, compared with routine hospital treatment.

Ankyloglossia is an anatomic developmental anomaly determined with thick and short fibrotic ferenum. Hyoid bone plays an important role in tongue physiology and tongue changes, in turn, have sever effects on malocclusion. Taking in to account the effects of tongue position on oropharyngeal structures and relation of hyoid position with different types of malocclusion, this study aimed to investigate the hyoid position in children aged 7-11 years with ankyloglossia in lateral cephalometric radiographs. 30 radiographs of children with ankyloglossia with mean age of 9.8 were chosen. In addition, 30 other radiographs were selected as the control group and were matched with the experimental (study)group in regard with age, sex, class of malocclusion and growth pattern. The measurements of hyoid position were (C3-RGN, C3-H, H-RGN, HP) analysed via the paired t-test. The means of C3-RGN, C3-H, H-RGN, HP were respectively 66.2, 30.9, 33.4, 3.2 in ankyloglossia group (study), whereas those of control group were 7.45, 36.8, 34.1, 68.6 respectively. A statistically significant decrease was observed in all measurements (p-value<0.05). Size and position of hyoid in the study group demonstrated more posterior- superior position than the controls.

Tumeric is a plant with both food and medical properties by which Curcumin is derived from. It has various pharmacological effects. Angiogenesis, a dynamic process of endothelial cells proliferation in order to develop new blood vessels from the previous ones, affects a wide range of physiological and pathological processes such as tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, anti angiogenic effects of Cucumin were investigated in aortic ring of Wistar rats. In this experimental study, Aortic ring was cut up in to 1 mm pieces and cultured in collagen matrix. After three days, sprouting angiogenesis were observed, and then aortic rings were treated with Curcumin at concentration of 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml. Effects of treatment in all cases were photographed and then investigated by invert microscope. Lengths of vessels were measured by Image J software. Moreover, the study data were analyzed using SPSS in significant level of P<0.05. Data analysis revealed that no significant difference was observed in regard with average of length and number of blood vessels in the control group compared with sham-exposed group (P>0.05).In fact, average length and number of blood vessels in experimental group 1 demonstrated no significant difference compared with control group, though in the experimental group 2 (79.45±3.2mm), (12±1.3) and 3 (38.93±1.1mm), (8±1.1) significant differences were observed (P<0.05(. The results proposed that the Curcumin had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in rat aortic ring Therefore, it can be introduced as an appropriate candidate in order to study angiogenesis and related diseases.

Body dysmorphic disorder is one of the common disorders in which adolescents give excessive attention to their appearances. In fact, it may causes disruptions in adolescent's individual and social life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in female adolescents of Yazd. In this cross-sectional study, the population consisted of all high school female students of Yazd (N= 10737) in 2012-2013, among which 371 students were selected as the study sample by using Cochran formula and cluster sampling method. Moreover, the participants completed a series of demographic questions as well as the questionnaire of Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Body Dysmorphic Disorder (Y-BOCS-BDD). The findings revealed that 41% of sample were reported to have unusual concern about appearance and body shape in range of low to very severe. As a matter of fact, most of them experienced moderate severity and 7.1% showed severe body dysmorphic disorder that required immediate psychological intervention. The prevalence in female adolescents was estimated as 7.1% and most prevalent age of suffering was 17. In this research, it was endeavored to provide a more realistic image of body dysmorphic disorder in Yazd adolescents by utilizing a precise methodology. Considering the high prevalence of this disorder in female adolescents and its adverse consequences, some programs are recommended to be applied for diagnosis and early treatment of body dysmorphic disorder to promote adolescents mental health.

The aim of this study is to determine and compare the eruption space of unerupted and erupted third molars by the means of digital panoramic radiography in patients referring to Yazd dental college during 2011-2013. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 150 archived digital panoramic radiographies in radiology department were evaluated with Romexis software under the standard circumstances. The radiographic pictures belonged to 73 men and 77 women with the average age of 21.18±1.67 years. In patients with erupted third molars as well as unerupted third molars (mesio-angular and vertical), several parameters were examined including: angle of the tooth axis of second and third molar, Gonial angle, the width of third molar, retro-molar space and its ratio to the width of third molar, the development stage of third molar root as well as the distance between the center of ramus and the most distal point of second molar. The data related to age, sex and the eruption situation of lower third molar- unerupted or erupted- were extracted from the patient’s log. The data were analyzed by SPSS (ver.17) via applying descriptive tests and T-test. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in regard with the average angle between second and third molar, the mean space of retro-molar and its ratio to the width of third molar as well as the mean distance between centers of ramus and second molar (P=0.0001). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in Gonial angle mean (P=0.213) and the width of third molar (P.value=0.348). Increasing the angle between second and third molar as well as inadequate space of retro-molar can lead to impaction of lower third molar, but the width of third molar and the Gonial angle size did not reveal any significant role in determination of impaction or eruption of third molar.

Considering the clinical importance of microbial biofilms in endodontic infections and the role of the different irrigating solutions in their destruction, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Peganum Harmala extract and Sodium Hypochlorite on the destruction of Enterococcus faeclis biofilm. For conducting this lab trial, root canals of 45 extracted teeth were prepared and E. faecalis biofilms were formed within the root canals. Then the teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 15. Samples were irrigated with Normal Saline in group 1, to serve as controls. 5/25% sodium hypochlorite was applied in group 2 and Peganum Harmala extract was utilized in group 3. All of the roots were irrigated by 15 cc of irrigation solutions for 15 min. Dentin chips were collected from the root canal walls and were weighed as well. Then the chips were used to prepare a suspension. The colony-forming unit (CFU) counting technique was used to determine remaining bacterial counts. The data were analyzed via Mann-whitney and kruskal-wallis tests. A significant reduction of CFU was observed in the Peganum Harmala extract and sodium hypochlorite groups compared to the control group(p<0/05). No significant difference was reported between Peganum Harmala extract and sodium hypochlorite groups (p>0.05). The antibacterial activity of Peganum Harmala extract is found to be comparable with that of 5/25% sodium hypochlorite on the Enterococcus faeclis biofilm.

culture medium can be considered as one of important part in cell culturing and in vitro Folliculogenesis and in recent years lots of research have been focused on improving culture medium. Platelet Layset with high percent of growth factors and micro elements can be effective on oocytes growth and development. This study was done to evaluated whether Follicles and oocytes can survived and growth as mature oocytes in medium which enriched by platelet layset as serum instead of FBS. we used pre-antral follicles with diameter of 100-130µm from prepubertal NMRI mouse and we cultured them for 12 days in different culture medium. We had 4 different culture mediums first and second medium was enriched by 5 and 10% PL as our experimental groups and two groups enriched by 5 and 10% FBS as our control groups. We refreshed our medium every other day and our assessment was done before each refreshments. We evaluated survival rat after one day of culturing and at the end of culturing as well as growth of oocytes in different mediums. oocytes in medium with PL had significant growth and reached to mature size as oocytes in medium with FBS. Oocytes diameter after 12 days reached to 81.66 and 81.35µm in medium with 5 and 10%PL compare to oocytes in 5 and 10% FBS which was 82.69 and 82.19µm respectively p˂0.05. Meanwhile survival rat after one day also was significant and was 93.75% and 97.91% for 5 and 10%PL and 100% and 94.74%for 5 and 10%FBS. platelet layset with high percentage of growth factors and micro elements can be effective on oocytes growth and we can use it as a good replacement for FBS.

Osteoporosis and periodontitis are types of diseases that their prevalence increases with age and bone loss is one of the common features of these two diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density and periodontitis in females over 40 years. In this cross-sectional study, 333 females were enrolled for osteoporosis to be assessed among women who referred to a bone densitometry center of Khatamolanbya clinic in Yazd and applied for BMD (Bone Mineral Density) according to their physician's diagnosis of osteoporosis. The study participants were required to meet the age criteria, have at least ten teeth, and not to undergo any treatment for osteoporosis. Periodontal examinations were performed after densitometry including Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PD). Then, data were analyzed utilizing SPSS software via chi-square test. Generally, mean of BOP, PD, CAL in osteoporotic subjects were significantly more compared to normal and osteopenic ones, though no significant difference was observed between osteopenic and normal. Moreover, in premenopausal women, there was a significant difference in regard with CAL indicator in osteoporotic patients compared to normal controls. Osteoporotic subjects showed more severe periodontitis than normal and osteopenic subjects. However, osteopenic and BMD normal subjects showed no significant difference in CAL mean. As a result, this could reveal the importance of early diagnosis of BMD decrease before it can affect periodontal tissues.

Many changes of female reproductive system are based on the vascular activity and blood flow. In ovarian follicular development, re-anastomosis is critical and permits cells and oocytes to utilize nutrients as well as the hormones. Moreover, it plays a main role in corpus luteum formation. Female reproductive system undergoes several angiogenesis programs which are considered essential in order to reach a follicle to preovulatory stage and to set up a network between granulosa cells and blood vessels through the theca layer. Up to the first 3 days after transplantation and reanastomosis start, a large number of follicles especially advanced types, begin an early death due to their severe dependence on nutrients of blood supply. Loss of the nutritional sources of granulosa cells leads to a decrease in survival and supporting factors and thus, cell death increases. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study intends to investigate the activity of angiogenic and apoptotic factors in transplanted ovarian tissue.

Schwannoma is an uncommon benign neoplasm which in is found in head and neck in 25-48% of the cases. This tumor arises from Schwann cells and nerve sheath and asymptomatic swelling is the chief complaint of this tumor. Although aspiration is performed for such cases, the nature of tumor can be defined only after histopathologic examination. In fact, Schwannoma diagnosis is difficult before the surgical procedure.Medical History: The case was a 24-year-old female who had a mass at the anterior of the left ear for three years. She did not have spontaneous pain. The lesion was mobile and painful in deep palpation. CT with contrast was performed for the patient which showed left parotid enlargement and a hypodense mass in the middle. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) revealed pleomorphic adenoma. The patient underwent a superficial lobe parotidectomy. Microscopic examination showed parotid schwannoma with cystic changes. Parotid gland is an uncommon location for schwannoma. There are no pathognomonic visual findings for this lesion. Only 17.6% of the reported parotid schwannomas have been diagnosed before the surgical procedure. FNA is not a reliable procedure for tumor diagnosis, because in most of the cases it shows benign tumor of salivary gland i.e. pleomorphic adenoma. The nature of these tumors can be defined only after histopathologic examination. Since in histopathology of pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelial cells were seen as schwannoma-like fusiform cells, immunohistochemistry was also performed to make sure of the diagnosis. In this method, CK and S100 markers in order to stain, which CK demonstrated negative result and S100 reported positive results, thus confirming the diagnosis of schwannoma.