مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 5 (امرداد 1393)

The present study aimed to examine the role of psychological factors in explaining weight loss success in obese women. This correlative study was conducted on all obese women with BMI more than 30 who had referred to nutrition counseling center in Karaj city. Therefore, 130 obese women were selected by available sampling method. Weight of subjects on arrival and two months later was measured at therapy sessions. Also along with the first measurement, the data related to weight efficacy of lifestyle, perceived social support, personality characteristics, depression and body image, and along with the second measurement the data with the adherence scale were obtained. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. It was revealed that among all study variables, adherence, depression, agreeableness, and extroversion were predicted more significant in weight loss success and totally they could demonstrate 59% of success variance in weight loss. Based on the results, obese women with high adherence, extraversion, agreeableness and low depression, are more successful in losing weight.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive central nervous system (CNS) disease. Cognitive impairment is a common concomitant of multiple sclerosis that affects various aspects of cognitive functioning including attention, and memory. Few studies investigated the efficacy of attention rehabilitation to decrease attention deficits in multiple sclerosis patients. The present study investigated the effectiveness of attention rehabilitation for decreasing focused attention and working memory deficits in multiple sclerosis patients. This single case study with A/B model followed six patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) who were selected with judgmental sampling. The studied variables focused on attention and working memory. The instruments used included Subtest Backward Wechsler Memory and Subtest Coding Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychology Questioner, Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI-II). The data were analyzed by visual analysis, Cohen's d and percentage of increases. From 6 cases, 5 cases significantly focused on high efficiency, one on moderate effectiveness of focused attention, three cases fairly on effectiveness, two subjects on probable effectiveness, and one on low working memory. These findings suggest that attention rehabilitation can decrease focused attention and working memory deficits in multiple sclerosis patients.

Fetuin-A is a circulating protein and a powerful circulating inhibitor of vascular calcification. It has been shown that Fetuin–A interactions with vascular vitamin D receptors may be an important key in preventing renal calcification. The aim of the present study was evaluating the levels of vitamin D (Vit D), intact Parathormone hormone(iPTH) and their relationship with that of Fetuin-A as the main factor involved in vascular calcification in patients suffering from heart diseases (HD). The serum levels of iPTH, Fetuin-A, 25OH vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus were determined in forty six hemodialysis (28 men and 18 women) and fort three age and sex matched control subjects (20 men and 23 women) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometric methods. In HD patients Fetuin-A and Vit D levels were significantly lower than the healthy controls (p = 0.004 and p=0.002 respectively). Serum iPTH and phosphorus concentrations were higher in HD patients compared to the healthy control group (p<0.001 both of them). Women hemodialysis patients were detected to have significantly lower Vit D and higher serum iPTH levels in comparison with HD men (p<0.05 all the cases). Our findings suggest a lower levels of Fetuin-A, vitamin D and higher levels of iPTH may increase susptibility of atherosclerosis in patients with HD.

School age children are more susceptible for intestinal parasitic infections in comparison with others. The best way to prevent these diseases and reduce morbidity in students is increasing student's knowledge, changing their attitude and behavior. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of health education on preventing giardiasis among primary schools students in the suburbs of Khoy. In this randomized quasi-experimental study, 300 students were randomly selected from primary schools and their feces were tested for giardia lamblia. After treatment by suitable drugs the infected patients were divided into two equal groups of intervention and control. Educational program was implemented on the intervention group, but the control group received no instruction. One and a half months after education the two groups were tested and compared in terms of re-infection. Data collecting tools including a valid and reliable questionnaire, behavior checklist, and stool exam, and data were collected before and after the training. Study data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software. The mean age for both groups of students was 10.95±0.97. In the intervention group, before education the mean score of knowledge and attitude of students towards giardiasis were 9.3±2.85 and 12.75±2.68, respectively (p>0.05), but after education those changed to 18.7±1.73 and 19.33±1.82 (p<0.001). In intervention group, before education the percentage of student's health behavior was 24.4, after training it increased to %82.6 (p<0.001). But in the control group, before and after education there was no significant changes in knowledge, attitude and behavior of students (p>0.05). After training, the results revealed that 2.8% of the intervention group and 33.33% of controls had re-infection with Giardia lamblia. The best strategy for the prevention of parasitic infections is raising awareness, changing attitudes and health behaviors of students toward these diseases. With regard to preventing parasitic infections, school health teachers have an important role in training school children and their families.

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic cells. T his study aimed to investigate the effects of BMSCs transplantation for the repair of bone defects in rat. In this study twenty-eight male adult rats were equally divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control group) received no treatment after bone defect; after bone defect the culture medium was injected at the site of bone defect for group 2 (sham group); group 3 was non-autologous cell transplantation group and group 4 was autologous cell transplantation group. Bone histomorphometric evaluation s and cell counting were performed in all groups. No significant differences were found between the control group and Sham according to histomorphometric study. The mean trabecular surface was significantly increased in autologous and non-autologous groups compared to the control group. In addition, mean number of osteocytes was increased in autologous and non-autologous groups when compared to the control group. It seems that both autologous and non-autologous BMSCs transplantation appears to be effective in the repair of bone defect.

In substance use treatment, total intervention is necessary. One of the interventions associated with medical treatment is the training cognitive emotion regulation strategies that have received less attention. The main objective of this study is to check the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on increasing the quality of men’s life treated with methadone in Urmia. In an experimental design with pre-test/post-test with control group paradigm, a sample of 32 patient with hypertension were selected by available sampling method and randomly were assigned to two experimental (n=16) and one control groups (n=16). The measurement tool was World Health Organization-Quality of life (SF-36) Short term Questionnaire. Each group was in drug therapy but the experimental group participated in 12 sessions of training cognitive emotion regulation strategies while the control group did not receive any treatment. The mean scores of the two groups were compared through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Based on the findings of this research, it was clear that in subscales of life’s quality, including interpersonal relationships, physical health and essentials of life, the scores of experimental group were significantly higher than the control groups. The findings of this study suggest that the difficulties in emotional regulations is one of the problems in addict people, and learning how to express emotions regulation correctly and cognitively can be effective in reducing problems and improving the quality of life.

One of the biggest problems that develop in patients with multiple sclerosis is cognitive dysfunction. The aim of the present study was comparison of visual-spatial memory between multiple sclerosis patients and healthy ones. In this research, 38 healthy individual and 38 multiple sclerosis were selected by convenience sampling method. 25 patients with RRMS and 13 patients were diagnosed with PRMS. In order to analyze the data t-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Our results indicate that visual memory - spatial MS patients is lower than normal. Also, patients with better RRMS performance on tests of complex shapes Rey-Osterrieth were compared to PRMS. In this study, the relationship between disease duration and visual memory - the spatial relationship between the patient groups was not significant Accordingly, there was cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electromagnetic field on MCF-7 cancer cell line. MCF-7 cell lines and L929 cell line were cultured in RPMI medium that contain fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Cells for three hours were exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic field with intensities of 50, 200 and 400 Gauss. Growth and proliferation and morphological changes were photographed by inverted microscope. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software and compared with each other by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey. Viability percent of MCF-7 (87.985±5.38) and L929 (93.726±4.28) cell line that were vicinity of electromagnetic field with intensity of 50 gauss was not significantly compared to control. Viability percent of MCF-7 (41.342±8.27) and L929 (44.649 ±3.39) cell line that were vicinity of electromagnetic field with intensity of 200 gauss was significant compared to control. Viability percent of MCF-7 (24.381±5.98) and L929 (30.627±7.55) cell line that were vicinity of electromagnetic field with intensity of 400 gauss was significant compared to control. Electromagnetic field with frequency of 50 Hz and intensities of 200 and 400 Gauss was inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of MCF-7 and L929 cell line.

The cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied in many clinical trials and there are some concerns about the culture conditions. One of them is related to the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS is a xoengenic supplement withadverse effects which is used widely in culture system and many attempts have been done to eliminate it. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a candidate in the place of FBS. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) were isolated from liposuction tissues and cultured in αMEM with 10 % FBS. Cells of the third passage were used for the in vitro experiments and characterized by flowcytometric analysis. PRP was obtained by two-step centrifugation and PRP sample were activated by freezing method. Resazurinand mineralization assays were used to determine the effects of PRP on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Treatment with PRP resulted in a statistically significant increase cell proliferation and mineralization in comparison to negative control (P<0.001) and that of the 15% PRP group significantly was higher than that of 10 % PRP group (P<0.05). FBS showed the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs better than hPRP. These findings indicate that PRP improves the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Obviously, the biological effects of PRP were dose-dependent and can be a useful solution for clinical applications in the place of FBS. However, for the clinical application of PRP, more research is needed such as in vivo transplantation.

Paroxysmal Permanent Junctional Reciprocating Tachycardia (PJRT) is caused after rapid and sudden pacing of excitatory foci in atrioventricular junction. While it happens mostly in infants and children, it is rarely seen in adults. A 30-year-old female came to our emergency department repeatedly with the chief complaint of palpitation. She was later diagnosed with PSVT and throughout her several referrals, she received adenosine or verapamil depending on her condition. Consequently, her rate was controlled. In the period of pregnancy, these attacks became frequent. For delivery, she was admitted to our intensive care unit due to cardiac concerns. Throughout her hospitalization, a relation between feeding and attacks were observed; furthermore, attacks were controlled by stimulating gag reflex. Finally, with the diagnosis of PJRT, she underwent ablation therapy. PJRT is usually triggered by some drugs or situation like pregnancy and swallowing. Ablation is the definite and choice treatment in adults.