نشریه مطالعات راهبردی بسیج
پیاپی 61 (زمستان 1392)

Belief in the necessity of referral to religious principles and interpretation of social, political and economic relations, based on the vast capabilities of Islamic religion, was an event that started in the twentieth century in the Muslim world, and defied all dominant discourses. Islamic movement in the course of its evolution has shown itself in different forms and discourses. So that each of these discourses affected from their conceptional meaning, has outlined a particular view. It seems that study of opinions and ideas of Islamic scholars in the discourse of political Islam and explanation of conceptional system, helps us in achievement of a roadmap based on a specified perspective. This paper has reviewed political Islam discourses in terms of civilization-oriented, sharia-oriented and modernism with an emphasis on Islamic civilization-oriented discourse and by using views of prominent scholars of each discourse and has presented perspectives of discourses. The applied method is conceptional system discourse analysis. Based on the paper results from the perspective of Islamic civilization-oriented discourse, west in the form of capitalist affected by imperialistic nature impedes the progress of Muslim world and suffers ignorance. Such a discourse forms its conceptional system by combination of major symptoms available in two discourses of sharia-oriented and modernism. The discourse articulates simultaneously wisdom and philosophy on the one hand, and Islamic traditions, on the other hand. While that discourse stresses the necessity of software movement for producing of knowledge, Islamization of sciences and renewal of Islamic civilization, the prudent and expedient use of science is prescribed. The desired perspective of discourse for Islamic movement is realization of modern Islamic civilization and these discourses present strategies of coping with hegemonic system, using modern science endowments (in the realm of science) and Islamization of sciences (particularly humanities) according to Islamic texts, for the realization of its desired perspective.

The current article analyses the issue of consumption in society. In addition to comprehensive overview of consumption discourse from the point of view of some sociologist and Islam, it intends to explore and make comment on difference and similarity aspects of expository consumption with religious consumption and with an emphasis on the views of supreme leader. For this purpose, it initially considerate and scrutinizes sociologists theories, particularly Veblen Thorstein expository consumption, Islamic thought with emphasis on the views of supreme leader concerning consumption. The applied method is Fairclugh critical discourse analysis and is based on concepts and symptoms of consumption that has stated within conceptual framework. Views of supreme leader has extracted and compared by means of taking notes technique. The findings of article include extraction of supreme leader views concerning consumption discourse and related concepts. He introduces consumption management as one of the main essentials of resistive economy and recommends to moderation, sobriety, frugality and saving, that concerning generalities of expository consumption resembles that of Veblen. Other findings of this paper are grouping of different aspects of consumption discourse in Islamic thought and sociologists opinions, based on four indices of goals, functions, methods and thought. Concerning differences in goals, sociology insists on having credibility and social status, but in Islam meeting real and urgent needs. On the subject of functions, sociology emphasizes on social and cultural functions, but Islam on biological functions. On the matter of consumption, sociology stresses consumerism and mass consumption, on the contrary Islam recommends to frugality, saving and moderation. Finally on the subject of consumption motivation, sociology put emphasis on egoism (scant use), excessive consumption and expository consumption, but Islamic thought underlines generosity, wise consumption, charity and self-sacrifice. The above-mentioned cases are considered as different aspects of two thoughts.

From the view of ayatollah khameneie heroic flexibility with three pillars of esteem, wisdom and good intention refers to a diplomatic tactic apart from the valuable principles of foreign policy, maintaining the principles of Islamic ideology brings about achievement of the desired effect. Due to the sensitive diplomatic function in the interest and territorial integrity of the country and on the other hand, sensitivity of holy legislator to renounce Islamic rule in international relations, the recognition of heroic flexibility role as one of the evolutional tactics in Islamic diplomacy and understanding of its nature in the area of foreign policy and shi’ite political jurisprudence, particularly now that Iranian diplomats negotiations in Geneva are ahead is of importance that needs addressing to make it clear. This paper has applied descriptive analysis method to assess the problem, by identification of conceptual dimensions of heroic flexibility and peace in Islam and its position in the field of Islamic diplomacy as well as analysis of the historical background of Iran and U.S.A diplomacy. It has also studied necessities of heroic flexibility from the perspective of ayatollah khameneie and it has resulted that if diplomacy and foreign policy, particularly Geneva nuclear talks is scheduled to achieve heroic flexibility, it should be based on the heroic standards and principles so as to align with emtenani terms of shi’ite political jurisprudence to observe on the two pillars of esteem and good intention in the area of foreign policy, continue its way.

The general policies of resistive economy being notified by the supreme leader as a political guide for any economic policy needs, is a roadmap for implementation in different areas. He has emphasized on this point seriously in his states. Preparation of a roadmap, needs to have a correct and clear image from the abovementioned policies in massive and thematic goals. The meta-analysis technique, content analysis and experience and knowledge of researcher have been applied in this paper. The researcher has experience in the area of resistive economy for several; years. The central question is whether the general policies of resistive economy contain massive and thematic goals and what is the relationship of these goals in the form of a roadmap? Results show that there are the macro levels in implementation of resistive economy which includes; the lower level of selfempowerment, the intermediate level of intrinsic stabilization and the upper level of inspiring world. These levels were recognized and among thematic goals, the most emphasis is on the elastic economy.

The existence of economic discrimination in Islamic system, as a rival pattern of dominated regime, can create an economically inefficient system. Some of the important issues in the Islamic republic are: Formation of soft underlying threat, clear definition of economic discrimination, specifying its dimensions and measurable indices in a way that to be able to assess status and performance of country economic management in the field of justice and elimination of economic discrimination. In this paper, the Islamic republic economic discrimination has been created and also the mentioned index for different provinces has been measured. The period of review includes years 1358 to 1390. In this research, the economic discrimination has been defined on the basis of constitution, failure to meet country’s needs and capacities at allocation of resources and national revenues in each province which has an influence on exploitation of natural resources and distribution of economic activities. Findings of the paper shows, provinces them the most combinational discrimination has been utilized are the following provinces: Khorasan razavi, sistan and baluchestan, markazi, Esfahan, kerman, fars, ghazvin, zanjan and azarbayejane gharbi. The provinces to the benefit of them the most discrimination has been used are the following provinces: Gilan, ilam, kohgilue and buyer ahmad, Khuzestan, bushehr, khorasane shomali, Kermanshah, seman, charmahal o bakhtiari and mazandaran. In addition, among the country’s economic development programs, in the years after the revolution victory, the second development program, has had the lowest inter-regional economic discrimination and then, are the fourth, third and first development programs respectively.

This paper uses cost-benefit analysis method in order to analyze economic relation between Iran and England during 1368 – 1390. The costs and benefits of this relationship have studied in two positions of maintaining economic ties and cutting it. In fact, this paper attempts to answer this question that “How business- trade relations between Iran and England is analyzable, based on the cost-benefit approach and what role does resistive economy discourse play in this regard?” The results of this study represents that in current conditions, due to the costs resulting from British government additional pressure on Iran economy, the most effective response is reliance on resistive economy and pursuit of practical solutions to this discourse. Therefore, Iran should also revise its relations with London and changes in the pattern of its economic relations with British government. Iran must provide necessary arrangements and fields for development of national economy.