پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات
سال بیست و نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 77، بهار 1393)

There are different theories on information as Shannon's Information or Communication Theory, Semantic Theory of Information, Cybernetics Theory, Quantum Theory of Information and Quantum Information Theory, each one viewing information from a different point. In this paper researchers used the foundamental concepts of quantum physics such as Wave/Particle duality, Complementarity, Uncertainty principle, Schrödinger's cat & so on to explain the nature of information and its role in information environments & flows. These concepts were introduced sequentially and Quantum Theory of Information was interpreted eventually.

Along with the growth of science domains, scientific publications are also rapidly developing and as a result of this growth, tracing research trends in various domains of science becomes more difficult. The main use of tracing research trends by scientometrics methods and metrics is in assessment and evaluation of information resources. This paper reviews various methods of tracing the due trends (including peer review, bibliometric methods, web-based methods, and social networks, altmetrics) and studies the role of librarians in using and developing different criteria for monitoring and evaluating the process of science production. The results show that metrics for measuring the scientific impact should be created and developed in consistance with the development of scientific environment. As a result, librarians should develop new methods to carry out their role as scholarly communication specialists.

One of the main research areas is providing adaptive learning systems with new style for content delivery to users. Content delivery subsystem manages and selects the appropriate contents based on the user model. In order to realize the adaption and personalization, selecting approach should consider the learning capabilities and background knowledge of the learners. Therefore an optimization problem is defined and the system must optimize the difference between the learning capabilities and the learning style of the learner with the difficulty level and the presentation style of the delivered contents. This paper has focused on two aspects. In the problem modeling section, the previous defined model has been extended. The presented model has also considered the adaption between the learning style of the learner and the presentation style of the delivered contents. In problem solving section, this paper has applied two newer optimization algorithms, NBPSO and GSA, thus resulting in producing better answers (more appropriate and more adaptive selection of content). Also, according to the previous approaches, the problem has implemented and solved using PSO. The provided results of three algorithms have been evaluated using two well-known criteria: accuracy (aiming to measure optimality of the delivered answer) and stability (to ensure of getting answer in different performances). The results showed considerable progress (more personalized and adaptive contents).

This study aimed at analyzing the impact and importance of power and electronics patents in technology development. Citation analysis was used as the research method, using the especial formulas of the forward-looking and backwardlooking measures. The research population includes all patents in the field of power and electronics recorded from 1987 to 2006 in the USPTO. Analyzing the importance of patents in knowledge flow and their past and future effect on technology development indicated that at least 10 years should be passed from their release in order to their real effect on technology be seen. The mean of generality grade to determine the effect and application of patents in different subject areas showed that in addition to patents’ effect in electronics field, they have a high tendency to have relations with other subject areas. It was also found that there existed a significant relation between forward and backward looking measures, showing the dependence of future effect of a patent to its backward citations.

Libraries operate in a competitive environment, and this is essentially needed to prove its benefits for stockholders, and continuously evaluate and compare advantages for printed and electronic resources. In these cases, economic evaluation methods such as cost- effectiveness analysis, is one of the best methods, because of a comprehensive study of the use and cost of library sources. The purpose of this study is to discovery of use and cost- effectiveness analysis of English printed and ebooks at University of Tehran on 2011. Populations of this study are English printed books which have been bought in 23th international Tehran book fair, and Elsevier and Springer ebooks collection. The result showed that the use of English printed books has different in four subject areas of Engineering, Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences, and Humanities, unlike English ebooks. The average of use of the printed books in Social and behavioral sciences Was 1.09, and it shows the most among all, and for Sciences, was only 0.14, this is the minimum among. 20 percent of English printed books have been used and the mean for total printed books was 0.77. 52 percent of ebooks have been used, and the average of use of ebooks was 5.16, respectively. So the use and cost- effectiveness analysis of English ebooks are more than English print books. The uses statistics and cost analysis showed that cost per use for English printed books is 787168 Rial and for ebooks is 80,388.

The present study intended to analyze and compare electronic and printed journals usage by faculty members and postgraduate students of Shiraz School of Science. This research is of a descriptive and survey type. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The study population included 65 faculty members and 130 postgraduate students in Shiraz School of Science in the 2009-2010 academic year. The results of the study showed that both faculty members and postgraduate students make use of e-journals more than printed journals. Comparisons between the two cases reveal that faculty members make more use of e-journals than postgraduate students. Both groups confirm the importance of each of printed and electronic journals at “high” level but faculty members regard e-journals as more important and prefer use of e-journals. 79.9% of respondents believe that electronic form is a suitable substitute for printed form of journals. The findings also show that e-journals and printed journals meet the information needs of respondents respectively at “high” level and less than “average level”. Respondents introduce finding specific information, authoring and translating book and papers, and conducting research as their most important reasons in using both formats of journals. The most notable obstacles towards making optimum use of e-journals in view of respondents are not being informed of existence of required e-journals, lack of information about the resources available at e-journal databases and absence of the e-journals related to their fields of study. Although respondents totally declare their skill in making use of e-journals at “fairly high” level, faculty members are more skilled than postgraduate students. Generally, 64.4% of respondents are in need of learning use of e-journals while postgraduate students seem to be more in need of such a skill.

This study aims to shed light on the status of Persian thesauri of Humanities and to evaluate them in terms of four dimensions of form construction, semantic relationships, displaying controlled vocabularies, and management systems, based on the latest version of the ANSI/NISO z39.19 2005 standard. The research method utilized in this study is the analytical survey method. Systematic sampling method was used to select samples of the terms contained in the latest edition of every thesaurus in the field of Humanities except Islamic sciences thesauri. So the number of thesauri in this study was 3, and they were ASFA, UNESCO and thesaurus of Sociology. The research instrument used in this study was a check list defined in Microsoft Excel. The samples for the four dimensions were entered in the checklist and were evaluated on the basis of the relevant standards. The results of the study shows that the level of observance of semantic relations standards in ASFA, UNESCO and thesaurus of Sociology were respectively 93%,99% and 99%.The level of observance of form construction standards in ASFA, UNESCO and thesaurus of Sociology were respectively 99%, 99.5% and 96%. The level of observance of the standards in ASFA, UNESCO and thesaurus of Sociology was respectively With regard to displaying controlled vocabularies dimension were respectively 84%, 43% and 54.5% and the level of observance of management system standards in ASFA was 82% while the rate of this dimension in the remaining two thesauri was 14%. Finally, it is concluded that possessing the required expertise, familiarity with the standards of thesauri construction, utilizing appropriate models, taking the needs of the end users into consideration, reviewing and revising information storage and retrieval policies, and activation of the indexing and the reference sections of the libraries for registering the user's documents are among the major factors that if observed can lead to the construction of more effective and efficient thesauri.

In recent years, lack of appropriate understanding of IS user requirements, has been one of the most important causes of IS development failure. Therefore, many methods were introduced for better analyzing user requirements; some of them were philosophically different. Organizational semiotics (OS) is one of these methods, which with phenomenological and action-oriented view, tries to get better system requirement analysis. In this research, first, organizational semiotics and SSADM was compared, with focus on their ability to elicit and analyze IS user requirements, and then, OS was applied in analyzing an IS requirement analysis case. Research findings show that OS in many dimensions is superior to SSADM; although SSADM has superiority in few dimensions too. Therefore using OS can help analyzing IS user requirements more appropriately.

The allocation of information is one of the main responsibilities of a manager. In case there is a limitation in the available resources, the issue of resources allocation is raised. Universities and post graduate centers have faced limitations in accessing resources such as budget, human resources, physical space, etc. This problem results in inappropriate use of the approved budget in buying and sharing the different types of information resources, lack of easy access to information resources by users, and users’ dissatisfaction. This paper is intended to see whether the model of genetic algorithm can be used in helping library heads of university to develop a support system for the proper allocation of resources. The data of the central library of a university as the main core of DSS through using genetic algorithm in MATLAB was used in order to come up with a better distribution of effective resources. Research methodology used in this paper was field study and survey. The findings indicated that genetic algorithm was successful in achieving this end.

Topic maps are an ISO standard (ISO 13250) that is used for presenting the information about information resources structures. The initial idea of this standard was raised in 1991 and due to its strength; it turned into an ISO standard. This paper investigates concepts and model of topic maps and aims to mention applications of this standard in library and information science (LIS) realm. A topic map, as a type of document is defined as XML or SGML technically. Research show that this standard is compatible with some of LIS techniques and rules especially in knowledge organization, but it attempts to use these rules in the web. So it can be said that according to some challenges that LIS field faces in adapting traditional techniques for knowledge organization in the Web, topic maps standard can help in solving such problems and challenges and this is what some experts of LIS tried to do.

The purpose of this research lies in identifying and analyzing help facilities and capabilities in Iranian digital libraries software based on representation, content, format, style and access criteria. The method of this research is based on descriptive survey. 13 Iranian digital libraries were selected as a sample. The tool for collecting the data was a checklist made by a researcher. The mean of the overall state of the help facilities and capabilities scores (33 from 100) is an indication of the suboptimal state of these facilities and capabilities. This implies that the designers and programmers of these digital libraries have been rather negligent when it comes to effectively designing help facilities and capabilities. This lack of attention can lead to inefficiencies and lack of user interest towards digital libraries. Findings show that from a representational aspect, only National Library and Archive digital library have a score higher than 50%. Furthermore, from a content-based point of view, only four digital libraries (Tebyan, Islamic Document and Information Center, Human Sciences and National Library and Archive) have a score higher than 50%. Concerning the format, only three digital libraries (Majlis, Astan Quds Razavi, Ahlolbayt) have a score higher than 50% and from a style-related aspect, only five digital libraries (Islamic Document and Information Center, Ahlolbayt, National Library, Tebyan and Human Sciences) have a score higher than 50%. Moreover, from an access-related aspect, only three digital libraries (Human Sciences, National Library and Archive and Islamic Document and Information Center) have a score higher than 50%. Generally, given all the aforementioned aspects, it was found that two National Libraries and Archive and Islamic Document and Information Center digital libraries having a score of 57% from Help Facilities and Capabilities are ranked first and Human Sciences digital library having 51% from Help Facilities and Capabilities have been ranked second. Other digital libraries having scores lower than averages are in subsequent ranks. Finally, some executive recommendations have been provided to digital library designers to design effective help facilities and capabilities.

There are different classes of theories for the natural lanuguage syntactic parsing problem and for creating the related grammars. This paper presents a syntactic grammar developed in the link grammar formalism for Turkish which is an agglutinative language. In the link grammar formalism, the words of a sentence are linked with each other depending on their syntactic roles. Turkish has complex derivational and inflectional morphology, and derivational and inflection morphemes play important syntactic roles in the sentences. In order to develop a link grammar for Turkish, the lexical parts in the morphological representations of Turkish words are removed, and the links are created depending on the part of speech tags and inflectional morphemes in words. Furthermore, a derived word is separated at the derivational boundaries in order to treat each derivation morpheme as a special distinct word, and allow it to be linked with the rest of the sentence. The derivational morphemes of a word are also linked with each other with special links to indicate that they are parts of the same word. Finally the adapted unique link grammar formalism for Turkish provides flexibility for the linkage construction, and similar methods can be used for other languages with complex morphology. Finally, using the Delphi programming language, the link grammar related to the Azeri language was developed and implemented and then by selecting 250 random sentences, this grammar is evaluated and then tested. For 84.31% of the sentences, the result set of the parser contains the correct parse.