فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 77، پاییز 1393)

Genetic instability is an important issue in cancer and including two important types of chromosome instability and microsatellite instability. Centrosome abnormality is a leading cause of chromosome instability. Centrosome plays as a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) to determine number، polarity and organization of interphase and metaphase microtubule. Centrosomes take part in cytoplasm organization، cell polarity and chromosome distribution to daughter cells. Numbers and function of centrosomes are regulated by genetic factors and polar mitotic apparatus. Cancer cells display a wide range of centrosome abnormality in in vitro and in vivo. Together، in this article we review recent and basic concepts of centrosome abnormality in cancer cells.

Resistance of microorganisms to chemical drugs makes the medicinal plants to be considered in folk medicine. Antidepressants، antimicrobials، antinociceptives and antioxidants effects of Salvia officinalis L. have been evaluated. In this study، the anti-inflammatory like effect of Salvia officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract was studied on the inflammation induced byxylene in the right ear of male mice. In the experimental groups، 0. 03ml of xylene was injected subcutaneously in the right ear of mice weighing 20-25 g. 30 minutes before xylene injection، Salvia officinalis L. extracts in doses of 10، 50، 100، 150 mg / kg and dexamethasone 15mg/ kg were administered intraperitoneally. The inflammation was measured according to the weight difference of a plug with 6mm of thickness in treated and non- treated ears of mice. After treatments، white blood cells of animal’s serum were counted. The results showed that Salvia officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract reduces inflammation comparable with dexamethasone effect. The hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis L. has anti-inflammatory effect and this effect may be due to flavonoid and terpene components in plant.

Nowadays the medicinal herbs are considerably used to decrease the symptoms of drug withdrawal syndrome and facilitate this process. According to anti-pain and anti-anxiety effects of Hypericum scabrum، this research was done to study acute effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum scabrum on morphine withdrawal symptoms in adult male NMRI mice strain. In this experimental study، adult male mice were divided into two main groups of control and experimental. The control group received morphine and naloxone. The experimental group received morphine and 10، 20 and 30 mg/kg doses of Hypericum scabrum. During three days and three times of each day with five hours intervals، the animal received 10، 20 and 30 mg/kg doses respectively and in the fourth day they received 40 mg/kg drug subcutaneously (Marshall method). In chronic method، 10، 20 and 30 mg/kg doses of Hypericum were injected to three groups of morphine intraperitoneally. To induce withdrawal syndrome in all groups، three hours after the last morphine injection، one dose of 5mg/kg of naloxone was injected intraperitoneally. In all groups، after naloxone injection the symptoms of morphine withdrawal including jumping، standing on two feet، climbing up the wall and weight loss was considered. Acute injection of the Hypericum scabrum could significantly decrease the symptoms of morphine withdrawal in comparison with morphine group. Decreasing symptoms of morphine withdrawal probably ordinates from Hypericum scabrum opioid-like effects.

The incidence of extended-spectrum β- lactamase- producing bacteria has been increased worldwide. The most common cause of resistance to extended-Spectrum cephalosporins in Klebsiella pneumoniae is the production of extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs). In the past decade، CTX-M enzymes have become the most prevalent ESBLs in Europe، Canada and Asia. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and molecular detection of CTX-M group in these bacteria. In the descriptive study، 100 K. pneumoniae isolates were detected by standard biochemical tests between April 2012 and September 2012، in Besat and Imam Reza hospitals of Tehran، Iran. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was tested for 10 antibiotics by the disk agar diffusion (DAD) method. Also، ESBL production was screened by combined disk diffusionas recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Then، Screened isolates were assayed by PCR for detection of CTX-M-1 group genes. Of 100 K. pneumonia isolates، 26 isolates produced ESBLs، and also 42 isolates were CTX-M-1 producer using PCR method. According to the differences between the results of phenotypic and genotypic tests، it seems that molecular detection of drug-resistance genes is necessary. Further investigations are needed to determine the epidemiology of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of music on metabolic responses during incremental exercise in male athletes. In this quasi- experimental study with cross- over design، Ten male athletes (age: 19. 76 ± 0. 97 years، height: 176 ± 6. 72 cm، Weight: 68. 5 ±7 5. 95 kg) were voluntarily selected and performed Bruce protocol with fast rhythm music condition until exhaustion، with 72 hours interwal between two days of test. Metabolic factors had assessed in 3، 6، 9 and 12 minutes. Data were analyzed by paired t-test with significant level of <0. 05. Listening to fast rhythm music during incremental exercise caused significant increase in respiratory rate exchange، Vco2، ventilation and breathe rate per minute and significant decrease in perception of exertion rate (P<0. 05) and no significant changes in Vo2، anaerobic threshold and time to exhaustion. The study revealed that listening to fast rhythm music decreases perception of exertion، and also، metabolic system tends to be more involved in anaerobic metabolism during incremental exercise.

Antisocial personality has some clear symptoms as impulsivity، unstable emotions، aggression، drinking، use of drugs، early initiation of sexual behavior make some difficulties and problems in their relations with family members and those who have interaction with them and at least in society. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy in irrational and anxiety among young male prisoners with antisocial personality in Ilam prison. This Semi experimental study has been done by pre and post test. 32 subjects aged between 18 and 40 years old have been randomly selected among male prisoners in Ilam prison and the experimental group intervention was based on dialectical behavior therapy protocol. Questionnaires of the Millon Clinical Questionnaire، Johns Irrational Beliefs and Back Anxiety were used. Dialectical behavior therapy was significantly effective in the treatment of anxiety (p<0. 05) and irrational beliefs (p<0. 05). Our results showed that dialectical behavior therapy has efficacy on anxiety and irrational beliefs of subjects with antisocial personality disorder.

Stress، as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases، affects the quality of life for patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stress paths on the quality of life of patients with acute coronary syndrome. In this quasi-experimental study، 35 patients with acute coronary syndrome were selected by sampling purposively from hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. They received 3 sessions، each 45 minutes، education using «، the ways of coping with stress» lecture، and the booklets were trained. Data collection questionnaires were «World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)»، «Cohn stress» and «coping with stressful situations Endler and Parker (CISS)»، respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (T test and Wilcoxon) using SPSS-22 software. Mean scores of the responses to all three questions were significantly changed before and after training (P<0. 0001). This study showed that learning ways to cope with stress can reduce stress and increase quality of life; so it can be used as a helpful intervention in acute coronary syndrome.

The objective if this study was to evaluate efficacy of solution-centered therapy on resiliency and sense of coherence among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this quasi-experimental study، 16 patients with MS were randomly selected. Data gathering tools include sense of coherence questionnaire revised Flensborg and Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale. Patients completed questionnaires before the intervention and after the treatment with solution of the circuit. Treatment consists of five sessions of seventy- five- minute. Paired t-test results showed that scores of resiliency and sense of coherence were significantly different between pre - and post test. Based on our findings، we can conclude that treatment solutions on resiliency and sense of coherence can be effective in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Role of psychological risk factors in depression involved researchers for a long period of time. The purpose of the present study was to compare the five personality traits and the defense styles among patients with depression disorder (MDD) with non-depression individuals. The research method was ex post facto and statistical community was all individuals referred to psychological clinics in Tehran. 100 MDD patients referred to associated clinics of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences selected by convenient sampling method and the 100 non-depression people as control group were studied. The research instruments were Beck Depression Inventory، Five Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI، Costa & McCrae، 1992)، and defense style questionnaire (DSQ-40، Andrews، Sing & Bond، 1993). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent T-test. Findings revealed significant differences in neuroticism (P<0. 01)، extraversion (P<0. 01)، openness (P<0. 01)، and agreeableness (P<0. 05)، as well as immature (P<0. 01) and Neurotic (P<0. 05) defense styles between MDD and healthy groups. It is concluded that awareness of effects of personality traits and defense styles on depression can be effective to decrease the depression disorder and probably to prevent this disorder.

The orthognathic surgery is one of the most prevalent oral and maxillofacial surgeries، in which the result of operation is very important. The patient participation makes the process more effective. One of the effective items is the reduction of postoperative infection. The goal of this study was to determine patient participation in controlling postoperative infection in orthognathic surgery in bouAli Hospital. In this descriptive- cross sectional study، we studied 70 orthognatic patients whom were referred to BouAli hospital from March 2012 to August 2013. Data were gathered using a checklist consisting 32 questions، interviewing، studying medical records at 4 dimension of giving information، consulting، decision-making and then engaging the patient in doing self-care. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19. 38. 6% of patients were men، 12. 9% were married، and 55. 7% were graduated. 2. 9% of patients had no participation in the treatment. 31. 4% had a little participation. 65. 7% of patients participated completely. 32. 9% of patients were infected. Using Man- Withney U non- parametric test، we observed a significant association between the patient participation and postoperative infection. Regarding the direct association between patient participation and postoperative infection in orthognathic surgery، we suggest that the patient participation should be increased by treating team on the side of engaging the patient in self-care.