Evidence Based Care
Volume:4 Issue: 3, 2014

Most primiparous women don’t have enough sense of competency، most of it being due to lack of experience. Maternal self efficacy-based training، have led to improved maternal-infant outcomes. : To determine the effect of self-efficacy education on maternal sense of competency of primiparous women in the infant care. In this clinical trial، 61 primiparous women were randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group، an educational program was applied based on Bandura''s self-efficacy theory 10-15 days postpartum. The research instruments were parental expectations survey، Parenting Sense of Competence Scale، Perceived Social Support Scale، Infant Temperament، and Edinburg Depression Scale. Reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using the method of content validity and internal consistency. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests، Mann-Whitney U، paired t test and Wilcoxon. The mean age of the mothers was 24/4±3/2 years. The two groups were homogenous in terms of personal characteristics، although a significant difference was seen in terms of perceived social support (p<0. 05). Before the intervention، the mean score for maternal sense of competency was not statistically difference between the intervention (68/8±7/6) and control groups (66/7±7/9) (P=0/315). After the intervention، the difference between the mean score of maternal sense of competency in the intervention group (75/5±9/0) and control group (68/3±9/6) was statistically significant (p=0/004). Given the importance of self-efficacy improvement strategies in the improvement of maternal – child outcomes، application of self-efficacy resource can improve the sense of competency in motherhood.

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent class of psychiatric disorders that affect both children and adolescents. There is no doubt that in order for children to feel active، the need for education during their hospitalization period and convalescence exists.

To determine the effect of presence of the teacher on anxiety of hospitalized children

This study was a clinical trial that was conducted on 50 children admitted to pediatric ward of Imam Reza hospital and the children were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group، teachers were present at children’s bedside for daily education and practices. The data collection tool was a child’s anxiety assessment form، which was completed at the admission and discharge by interviewing the children. Data were analyzed with independent t-test، ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients، using SPSS software version 11. 5.

32 patients in the study group and 31 in control group were girls; 18 patients in the study group and 14 patients in the control group were studying in third grade. Prior to the study، anxiety scores between the two groups were not significantly different. Basis on the results of the paired T-test، the anxiety scores of the study group before the intervention (44. 86 ± 3. 44) and after that (41. 25 ± 2. 29) were significantly different. The independent t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean anxiety score in the study group (p <0. 004) and control (p = 0. 53) after the intervention.

the presence of a teacher can be beneficial for decreasing the anxiety levels of hospitalized children and the problems that can occur under the influence of anxiety.

Inflammation of the oral mucosa is a common and debilitating complication of chemotherapy that is preventable and manageable following health advices. Empowering the primary caregiver can be helpful in management of this condition.

To determine the effect of empowering the caregivers on preventing inflammation of oral mucosa in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

This non-randomized clinical trial was conducted in 60 children''s caregivers aged between 3 and 18 years old undergoing chemotherapy in Sheikh Hospital of Mashhad in two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group، training was based on clinical guide in 5 sessions and according to Gibson empowerment model in 4 steps. Data were gathered based on questionnaire of side effects of chemotherapy and adherence questionnaire of the prevention and treatment of mouth ulcers in three stages: the first، the sixth and the 12th week of intervention. For data analysis، SPSS version 18 and paired and independent t-tests، Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney tests were used.

61. 7% of the patients were men and 38. 3 were women. The average ages of the children and caregivers were 5/6±3/2 and 32/1±8/1 years، respectively. The average adherence to prevention recommendations for oral ulcers in the empowerment group increased from 53/6±24/3 to 82/2±11/7 (p<0. 001). The occurrence rate of mouth ulcers in the empowerment group in the first week of intervention was 1/8±1/1، in the sixth week 1/7±1/0، and in the twelfth week of treatment was 1/1±0/2 (p<0/001).

The empowerment program can help the main caregiver to discover and use critical thinking skills، enhance their ability and increase adherence، which results in decrease of mouth ulcers in children undergoing chemotherapy.

some studies have confirmed the effectiveness of reminiscence on mental health، although there are conflicting results in this area. There are no interventional، localized and confirmed studies into the effectiveness of this intervention on mental wellbeing of old people in our country.

To determine the effect of reminiscence therapy on the elderly happiness.

In this clinical trial، 64 elderly referred to the Jahandidegan center of Gorgan were selected and randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Happiness scores were measured before intervention، during، and one month after the end of intervention.. Reminiscence was conducted in six sessions over three weeks. Group discussions were held for the control group. Data were collected using valid and reliable happiness questionnaires (oxford) and a brief cognitive-mental examination. Fisher’s exact test، Chi-square، independent، repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferoni post-hoc and SPSS version 20 were used.

The mean age of the participants was 65. 5±6. 2، and 50. 8% of them were men. Happiness pre-intervention scores were 43. 9±10. 6 and 45. 6±8. 3 in control and the intervention groups، respectively (p>0. 05). Multivariate analysis with repeated measures showed that the interaction between treatment group and the time was significantly effective on the elderly happiness score (p<0. 01). Bonferroni post-hoc test scores before and after the intervention (P<0. 03) and scores during and after the intervention (P<0. 03) showed significant differences.

group discussion and reminiscence are effective in increasing the elderly happiness scores. However، reminiscence was a more effective intervention; therefore، it can be an inexpensive way to increase the vitality of the elderly with no side-effects.

The elderly often face difficulties in achieving a comfortable sleep. Due to its relaxing properties، chamomile may be effective in improving sleep quality in the elderly. to determine the effect of Chamaemelum Nobile extract on the sleep quality of hospitalized elderly in nursing homes of Isfahan. This study is a clinical trial with pretest and post test. The study population was 77 cases of elderly hospitalized in nursing homes. Participants were selected through random continuous sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 400 mg oral capsules of chamomile twice daily after lunch and after dinner for 4 weeks. Quality of sleep in both groups was measured using the standard questionnaire of Sleep Quality Questionnaire Index (PSQI) before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17 using descriptive statistics and paired t and independent t-tests. The age of the participants in this study was 74. 3±10. 6 years and 53. 2% of the participants were women. Mean score of sleep quality in the control group was 8. 1±4. 3 before the intervention and 8. 2±4. 0 after the intervention (p>0. 05). Mean sleep quality score for the intervention group was 8. 8±4. 3 before the intervention and 5. 0±3. 7 after the intervention (P<0. 001). Oral administration of chamomile extract has sedative properties and can be effective in the improvement of the quality of sleep in older adults.

In recent years، research has been done into various aspects of blood coagulation system، while the effect of exercise on this system has not been studied. Exercise may be able to contribute to the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades. To investigate the effect of six months of aerobic exercise on proteins C، S and platelets in sedentary middle-aged women. In this randomized clinical trial، 19 inactive middle-aged women were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group attended aerobic exercise with the intensity of 55 to 65% of the heart rate reserve for six months; three sessions per week، each 60 minutes. A Coulter type CO-BASS device measured the coagulation factors. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 16، independent and paired t-tests. the mean age was 42. 2 ± 3. 3 years old and weight 64. 0 ± 8. 6 kg. Sample were identical and normal confirmed by statistical tests of levene and Shapiro-Willkie (p>0. 05). The results of paired t-test showed no significant changes in the levels of protein C (101. 3 ± 6. 1) in the experimental group (p=0. 81). The changes of protein S (101. 6 ± 5. 2) were not significant in this group (p=0. 12) either. Nevertheless، the level of platelets (254636. 3± 65944. 3) was significantly increased in the experimental group (p<0. 04). Moreover، the intergroup variations in protein C (p=0. 22)، protein S (p=0. 16)، and platelets (p=0. 89) were not significant. Due to the effect of aerobic exercise on platelet levels in the present study، it is suggested that aerobic exercise can be used to prevent and treat blood coagulation problems.

Nowadays، due to ineffectiveness of interventions in the prevention of obesity in school-age children، collaborative approach in order to prevent and control the obesity seems necessary. to assess the impact of health promotion programs with collaborative approach on physical activity levels of overweight school-age girls. This quasi-experimental and pretest/post-test study was conducted among 80 overweight female students which were randomly selected. Data were collected via activity checklist. In the test groups، health promotion programs were administered in 3 stages of assessment، supportive planning and evaluation in 6 to 8 one-hour sessions for four consecutive weeks (2 sessions per week for students، parents and teachers)، activities suitable with children’s condition 3 sessions per week، and evaluation for 3 months. Level of children''s activity in both groups were evaluated by the child and parents before and 3 months after intervention and analyzed by SPSS software version 16، independent and paired t-tests، and chi-square. Before the intervention، the two groups were similar in terms of age، place of birth، history of disease، nutrition، parental age، education، occupation and income، and duration of exercise. After the intervention، both groups had significant differences in duration of exercise (P<0. 001). Health promotion programs with collaboration of children، parents and teachers could increase exercise duration in overweight children.

Anxiety is the commonest problems before surgery. Preoperative anxiety not only causes pain and many suffering for children، but also has a negative impact on the recovery after surgery and probably later than that. Selecting a low risk and cost-effective way to control children''s anxiety before surgery seems necessary.

Influence of the puppet Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety in hospitalized children with appendicitis.

In one quasi-experimental randomized control trial at Dr. Shaykh hospital of Mashhad، 50 children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were being prepared for appendicitis operation، were selected by simple draw and divided into two groups of intervention and control. Children in the intervention group were familiarized with the puppet Kolah Ghermezi one hour prior to the operation. The RCMAS anxiety test was then conducted on each child before referring them to an anesthesiologist. Data were analyzed by independent and paired T-tests using SPSS version 16.

18 girls and 32 boys with a mean age of 9. 45 ± 2 years participated in the study. In the intervention group، the mean anxiety before and after the intervention was 48. 9 ± 16. 7 and 31. 5±12. 4، and in control group was 45. 5±17. 3 and 59. 1 ± 19. 6، respectively. Differences in the anxiety before and after treatment in both groups was significant، showing a decrease in the intervention group while in the control group had an increase (p <0/001).

The puppet Kolah Ghermezi can be recommended as an effective way to reduce the anxiety before surgery.