نشریه پژوهش های تربیتی
سال نهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

Today، national identity is one of the most important issues in developing countries is planned. Much of the training of national identity in the context of formal education takes place. Beginning with the period of fundamental transformation textbooks is also consistent with the new approach. The present article deals with the analysis of national education and from this point of clarification social studies book grade، third grade social studies book compared to the period before the change. Population is included in the book. The content analysis of qualitative and quantitative research methods and the unit of analysis is the theme. Dimensions of national identity in this research include: symbols، values heritage، celebrities، and characters and events. The results show that both components of national identity have been uneven book، and this is more evident in the social studies book. Social teachings of the book to the celebrities and personalities (37/44%) and social studies books to the value of (50/85%) are paid. Neglect of Fame and national events، elimination of political values، greater attention to the social، moral، religious and social features of the book is the period of fundamental change.

One of the main issues to be considered in the educational system is teaching. teaching is the result of four elements which are interacting with one another. These four elements are: teaching، learning، structure and curriculum. Curriculum is a plan for action which forms the structure. Another issue is the status of knowledge and the way we can transform it into educational materials. In postmodern education، knowledge itself is not the target، and the “knowledge constructive discourse” is rather a target. For this reason the main concentration in the classrooms are on knowledge construction، understanding، cooperation and collaboration. The educational systems of the countries have to reconsider the targets، contents، materials، methods and also the educational opportunities and activities in order to educate independent and flexible students who have creative thinking. Curriculum planning and presenting various issues have been done for a long time. In early twentieth century، the scholars in education and training stepped into the realm of integrated curriculum. But the dominated trend in this century has been based on single discipline approach، plurality of subjects، and field-based curriculum. Integration means making compatibility and coming together which is in contradiction with specializing and separating courses. Integration is based on holistic view which tries to make relations between education and daily life. The present study aims to explain integrated curriculum، declare the types of it، and the way to integrate science and technologies in the primary school courses. This research enjoys analytical- inductive methodologies. In this way، first we declare the curriculum and explain integration، and then we refer to the samples of integration in area of content، like integration of fundamental issues and knowledge، and integration of information technology and communication with all areas of knowledge. Based on the studies and analysis، we can conclude that: integration of science and technology with curriculum in general and specifically in primary education، the learning rate and the possession of students on organized content will increase and students can work out what they have learnt in real life.

The present research attempts to analyze content of the tactical defense mechanisms in women with marital conflict. The objective of the present study was to analyze content of tactical defense mechanisms with intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in women with marital conflict. The present study was administered using descriptive content analysis and case study in female clients of “psychology and counseling centers” in Tehran. A total of 5 women with marital conflict، and they were suitable for short-term dynamic psychotherapy were sampled purposefully. They participated individually in 12 therapeutic sessions using Davanloo’s intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Clients’ sessions were recorded with digital audio player. In this research، data was analyzed using expressed frequency of tactical defenses. Tactical defenses analyzed in this research included: 1. Cover words، 2. Indirect speech، 3. Generalization، 4. Externalization، 5. Diversification، 6. Providing introduction، 7. Rationalization، 8. Intellectualization. 9. Rumination، 10. Denial، 11. Forgetting، and 12. Talking instead of experiencing the feeling. the results showed that tactical defense mechanisms were fluctuating unsystematically for 5 clients in 12 therapeutic sessions، and expression rate of the defenses depended on therapist’s pressure. Among tactical defenses for women with marital conflict، “cover words” were maximum and “forgetting” was minimum.

Thus، this study aims to investigate the students'' point of view about the role of social factors in education.. This study is a descriptive survey. Allthe participants in this investigation were the students studying attheYazd University ofYazd، in the second semester of 1390-1391. In order to determine the intended sample of 405 participants، 154 male and 251 female students were selected using a stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire designed by the researchers which was composed with 63 questions. The accountability of the questionnaire was approved by the expertsof the field، and its reliability.. In order to answer the research questions، Pearson test، Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. student point all the questioned social factors، including culture، family، peer groups، sports and entertainment، communications and information، and education may have substantial effect on the education. The findings demonstrated that the relationship between gender، culturalissues، marital status، father’s occupation and family status، inhabitation، friendship groups was significant. However، the variables such as age، mother’s occupation،and the students’ field of study had no significant effect on thefive social variables involved in education. Furthermore، all the social variables (other than friendship groups and ICT use) had a significant relationship with each other. The results of this study illustrated that according to the students all the social variables could influence the educational process. Thus، we’d better take into consideration the role ofthese variables in educational planning. Moreover، according to some sociological variables، we can identify different classes of society in planning.

The present research examinedthe effectiveness of training social skills on the self-esteem of students with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Thes method was quasi-experimental consisted with pre and post- test design with group control. The statistical population composed of boy students in Tehran in 2013- 2014 semester who had attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Thrity two of these students were chosen by convenience sampling method and were assigned to randomly. experimental and control groups (16 in each). the measurswereChild Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Cooper Smith Self-esteem Inventory. The experimental group was trained the Social Skills program during ten sessions (each lasted one hour). The data was analyzed using covariance single variable analysis. The results showed that the self-esteem of boy students with attention deficit and hyperactivitydisorder was increased significantly in expremental group in comparison with the control group. This effect lasted for one month after intervention. It is concluded that training social skills to students with attention deficit and hyperactivitydisordercan enhance their self- esteem، therefore considering this program in training programs of these children can be useful.

With rapid changes in techniques and skills in information technology and the emergence of new phenomena and their impact on the methods and techniques to live، learning one of the fundamental pillars of society has been transformed is While the e-learning as a new paradigm، has been able to responsible for huge volume of education and learning is present. This paper survey the concept of learning، e-learning، benefits and characteristics، importance and necessity of e-learning in organizations and will be study the impact of IT on improving quality of learning and development and Learning environment.