فصلنامه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی محیط زیست
پیاپی 11 (بهار 1393)

Attention to level of visitor's satisfaction is a new approach considering the quality of providing facilities in protected areas as well as improvement of management corresponding the comprehension of natural features of the region services and facilities by visitors. Thus it can be said that, generally, nowadays, the target of any recreational development should be user's satisfaction. Current research has been conducted through a questionnaire survey in order to investigate the relationship between visitor's satisfaction and recreational facility quality of Hamoun protected area. Using SPSS the obtained data is analyzed and obtained results reveal that, from the aspect of visitor's opinions, the relationship between quality of given services and archaeological creation of the region is higher rather than other factors and on the other hand, the quality of drinking fountains is less than other indicators. As a result, visitor's satisfaction from archaeological creations of the region is more.

Various definition of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) show that the concept is very extensive, which involve many problem in the area of making a decision. To make a better decision at the various organizational levels, Different computer tools were created. These tools are usually known as Decision Support Systems (DSS) that are a computer system involving information about the goals of ICZM issues and are designed to assist coastal managers by performing analyzes in decision-making. This system effectively helps users for better conception of the goals and also evaluating the intervention policies of supporters and critics. In this paper, the problem and challenges of ICZM in Iran, the ability and function of DSS in solving these challenges and also some opportunities for increasing the application of the DSS in ICZM have been studied.

Iran, with 10% of world oil reserves, is among the largest oil producers. Concomitant with the increasing of petroleum industrial activities, hydrocarbon pollution has been occurring in transportation andrefinery areas; the pollution is one of the most hazardous factors for environmental resources. Various elimination and attenuation methods have been proposed by Researchers. Among the methods phytoremediation is an inexpensive, effective and environmental friendly method. This method has been developed using different plants in Iran during the recent decade. In this paper we reviewed and discussed the related reports and also showed that main suitable species for phytoremediation of petroleum products pollution were Festuca arundinacea, Zea mays L., Robiniapseudoacacia L., Agropyron Smithii, Medicago sativa, Cynodondactylon, Polygonum aviculare L., Puccinellia distance [L.] parl. This article evaluated all experiments and plants effect in Iran.

Noise pollution is a significant environmental problem in many urban areas. Noise in populated cities is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be the third most hazardous type of pollution, right after air and water pollution.Traffic noise is a major environmental source of pollution in around the world. The main aim of this study to investigate the noise level due to road traffic in district 6 of Tehran. In this study the equivalent sound level values (Leq), Lmax, Lmin, LN, TNI, and NPL were measured according to the ISO 1999 method approved by the Environmental Protection Organization at each site separately. Sound pressure levels were measured by the sound system gauge model 1353 H. Equivalent sound level that reported in different places in district 6,was between 65.72-79.06 dBA. Sound pressure levels were more than standard limit for residential and commercial areas. The maximum and minimum values for Leq in district 6 were in Valiasr Sq and Kordestan highway, respectively. Discussion & According to the noise measurements, the noise level are up to limit level. Patterns of urban reform in Tehran city have a slower development than the resource causing of noise pollution.Therefore Communities should be educated on the negative effect of noise.

This study is aimed at evaluating the change process of Mangrove Stand of Nayband Marine-Coastal National Park in Bidkhoon and Basatin bays using Landsat satellite images within the interval of 1975-2013 and comparing the said process to actual land reality. Study of the respective changes in the area of the Mangrove of the first marine-coastal National Park in IRAN, which is identified as the latest scatted trees in the north hemisphere, may establish suitable grounds for more desirable management of life ecosystems, playing a pivotal role in the life of aquatics and local communities and the ones. Remote sensing science is among the sciences, which provides the researchers with valuable images for study the changes occurred on the earth. Herein this research, such meters as MSS, TM, +ETM and OLI of the aforesaid satellite as of the years 1975; 1990; 2000; 2003;2004; 2005; 2006; 2007;2008;2010; 2012 and 2013 and after applying the required corrections, removing the respective errors, combining the bands and georeference, using the image of the year 2012 as basic and fusion image and applying the supervised classification using maximized likelihood method and IPVI index, the said changes were studied. In order to compare the said changes to actual earth reality, Google Earth satellite images of the year 2004 as well as topography using GPS method of the years 2010 and 2012 were also used.. This study has also revealed a noticeable descending decrease of Mangrove Stand in spite of provisional plantation of shrubs in Basatin bay and decrease in density, looseness of tree stands and a trivial increase in the area of Bidkhoon Bay (Asaluyeh). Relying on the results obtained from the said study, the area of Mangrove Stand in Bidkhoon Bay in the year 2012 was calculated with an area of 1119072 m2 using GPS method with a supervising classification of maximized likelihood as 1231200 m2, and IPVI index with 1317600 m2 and in the said year, the area of Basatin Bay was calculated with an area of 466644 m2 using GPS w with a supervising classification of maximized likelihood as 88200 m2 and IPVI index was calculated with an area of 63000 m2. The change process of the forest has naturally been decreased and this is actually evident in Basatin Bay due to serious changes caused by human’s activities. Planting Mangrove shrubs in some years has somehow compensated for the said defect and upon passage of a few years, the said descending process will come out once again.

Marine turtles are an indicator and important species in the marine ecosystems. These species are responsible a variety of roles as a hunter, herbivore, stink bait eater in the marine ecosystems. Today, only 7 or 8 species of marine turtle are seen in the world's oceans that five species of them are come for reproduction to coast of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Today, exploitation of turtle eggs and degradation of feeding and reproductive habitats especially has led to placed different species of marine turtles are at risk of Extinction. In this paper has been tried to identify the normal and abnormal factors threatening the survival of marine turtles in the Iranian south coast. These threatening factors were studied in five stage of marine turtle life cycles that consist of; nesting stage, eggs; hatcheries; feeding in the near shore coastal waters in vicinity of nesting regions and immigration to the land feeding in high seas, respectively. Then are given more suggestions upon to remove or reduce these threatening factors.

Development and implementation of waste management in Mazandaran province refined plating due to specific climatic conditions and plant cover as well as high groundwater level of sensitivity is of particular interest.Plating wastewater for heavy metals having a source of contaminants is considered dangerous; In addition, dry waste from electroplating wastewater treatment units due to high concentrations of heavy metals in environmental management problems in these industries is considered.With the separation and purification operations and source separation can reduce the negative consequences were. A large percentage of compounds forming plating waste is not recyclable, and cannot enter the cycle of these materials can be re-used. In this study, plating waste management in Shomal Piroz machinery as case study in non-governmental sector has been studied and then the need for recognition and plating industry, type of waste treatment and management of the company to reduce waste disposal and plating have been studied and in the end solutions to increase productivity with environmental considerations have been.