فهرست مطالب

Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
Volume:4 Issue: 6, Nov-Dec 2014

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/08/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Ali Noori, Leila Amjad, Fereshteh Yazdani Pages 371-376
    Objectives
    Medicinal plants played an important role in human health. The kidney is a major organ for elimination the additional materials of body. Some of metabolic waste products are excreted through the kidneys, give us useful information about kidney health. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the effects of A. deserti flowering tips extract on kidney.
    Materials And Methods
    Three groups of animal were studied. Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was injected with saline, group 2 and 3 were injected with extract, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The animals were anesthetized, blood samples were collected 2 days after the last injection, then urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were assayed. Also, the kidney histology was studied.
    Results
    No significant changes in urea and uric acid were observed. But, creatinine concentration was changed significantly in group 3 compared to other groups. The extract caused histologic changes in the kidney, including, glomerular atrophy, congestion of inflammatory cells and degeneration of the renal tubules.
    Conclusion
    The results showed that A. deserti extract was able to damage the kidney tissue. However, the reason for these histopathological changes remains to be clarified.
    Keywords: Artemisia deserti, Extract, Kidney, Rat
  • Fatima Nnawodu Ishaq, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi, Temidayo Olutoyin Olurishe Pages 377-384
    Objective
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of piroxicam co-administration with ethanolic stem-bark extract of Khaya senegalensis on biomarkers of oxidative stress and gastro-toxicity in Wistar rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Thirty healthy male and female Albino Wistar rats (190-220 g) were grouped into six (n = 5) with designated treatments including: Normal saline, piroxicam (20 mg/kg), extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) alone and both doses of the extract co-administered with piroxicam. The drugs were administered orally to all the rats for fourteen consecutive days and on the fifteenth day, they were euthanized with chloroform inhalation. Blood samples and the stomachs were isolated for evaluation of the oxidative stress biomarkers and gastro integrity, respectively.
    Results
    The results of the study revealed that the levels of oxidative stress markers didn’t differ significantly between the groups receiving the extract alone, the extract in combination or piroxicam alone. Gross and histological observations of the stomach showed gastric mucosal changes and mild atrophic lesions in the piroxicam group only.
    Conclusion
    This study illustrates the interaction of Khaya senegalensis and piroxicam results in the gastro-protective beneficial effects. The extract’s outcome on various prostaglandin levels and synthesis is being considered towards possible elucidation regarding the exact mechanism of cytoprotection.
    Keywords: Drug interaction, Gastro, toxicity, Khaya senegalensis, Piroxicam
  • Maryam Ahmadi, Abdolmajid Fata, Ali Khamesipour, Hasan Rakhshandeh, Akram Mohammadi, Ghodratollah Salehi, Hadi Monavari Pages 385-391
    Objective
    Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic infectious diseases in the world. Since last century, many efforts have been made to control and treat the disease, but appropriate vaccines, pesticides and medicines are not available or even eligible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Seidlitzia rosmarinus on the lesions of experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Balb/c mice.
    Materials And Methods
    The population study was 60 Ballb/c mice which divided to 6 groups, all infected with Leishmania major [MRHO/75/IR]. Soon after the ulcer started to appear in the early stage, a dose of provided herbal extract with 5, 10 and 15% concentration applied on each lesion. The surface area of the lesions measured during an interval of 10 days. Direct Giemsa stained smears prepared two and four weeks after treatment.
    Results
    Increasing the mean size of the lesions was statistically significant compared to those in control group (p>0.001). Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) developed in all of the mice including the control group that received Eucerine alone. Survival rate in group receiving 15% S. rosmarinus extracts showed significantly higher compared to mice in control group (p<0.001).
    Conclusion
    Hydro-alcoholic extracts of S.rosmarinus with concentrations below15% did not show a therapeutic effect on experimental CL ulcers of Balb/c mice. Further studies with higher concentrations or nano particles are recommended.
    Keywords: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Hydro, alcoholic extract, Leishmania major, Seidlitziarosmarinus
  • Shokri Hamzeh, Farah Farokhi, Reza Heydari, Ramin Manaffar Pages 392-401
    Objective
    Medical plants, as rich sources of natural antioxidants with antidiabetic effects, are used worldwide to diminish a variety of symptoms and many diseases. R. ribes L., which belongs to the family of polygonaceae, can provide symptomatic relief and assist in the prevention of the secondary complications of the diabetes.
    Material And Methods
    36 female adult rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6. Normal Control groups treated with normal saline. Positive control groups treated with hydroalcohlic extract of R. ribes root (150 mg/kg) daily by gavages for 4 consecutive weeks. Diabetes was inducedby injection of 120 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally. Two diabetic groups were treated with different doses of R. ribes root extract. The sixth diabetic groups were treated with glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg). At the end of 28 days, blood samples were collected and their kidney tissues were processed for light microscopy.
    Results
    The results showed that hydro-alcoholic extract of R. ribes decreased the level of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine in diabetic rats (p<0.05) in compared with diabetic rats, while the level of HDL increased at the same group (p<0.05). Histopathological changes of kidney samples were comparable with respective control. In diabetic rats, kidney sections showed atrophy of glomerular capillaries with increased Bowman''s space and acute tubular necrosis. The groups that were treated with R. ribes root were improved towards normal condition.
    Conclusion
    It is interesting to note that hydroalcohlic extract of R. ribes root improves renal dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats through controlling blood glucose and renal protective effects.
    Keywords: Alloxan, Diabetes mellitus, R. ribes root extract
  • Mehdi Dolatkhahi, Ali Dolatkhahi, Javad Bagher Nejad Pages 402-412
    Objective
    Today, medicinal plants are widely used in remedies for several ailments and improvement of human health because of their pharmaceutical properties. This study aimed to document important useful medicinal plants and their medicinal characteristics for treatment of human ailments in the Arjan _ Parishan protected area in Fars province of Iran during 2010-2012.
    Materials And Methods
    Data were obtained using direct interviews with 80 informants particularly those who were more familiar with the herbs and their medicinal properties. Collected plants were recognized and families, genera, and species determined using indispensable references. In this paper, scientific name, local name, parts used, and ways of application and ailments treated using traditional medicinal plant species have been provided.
    Results
    We documented 85 plant species belonging to 39 families and 78 genera used for treating ailments. Among which, Asteraceae with 13 species was the most frequently used family and fruits and leaves were the favored parts for local users. Our results indicated that in this area, the highest compliance in the use of plants in treating ailments were related to the intestinal digestive system (40.8%).
    Conclusion
    The present study is the first contribution to the ethnobotany of this region. Our results showed that some plants are used for medicinal purposes in this region, either for the same or for different purposes. Generally, the results of the present investigation can be used as a basis for selecting useful medicinal plants and also help to preserve precious information that may otherwise be lost to future generations.
    Keywords: Arjan – Parishan area_Ethnobotany_Fars province_Medicinal plants_Pharmacological_Iran
  • Tahereh Aghili, Javad Arshami, Abdol Mansur Tahmasbi, Ali Reza Haghparast Pages 413-419
    Objectives
    Hypericum perforatum L. is a medicinal plant containing many polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids with antidepressant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was investigated the effects of Hypericum perforatum extract (HPE) on immunity, body weight (BW), and spleen index (SI) in rats.
    Materials And Methods
    A total of 24 Wistar male rats were randomly received 4 different doses (6 rats each) of HPE (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally for 14 days using a completely randomized design. On days 1 and 7, rats were received 0.5 ml SRBC (10%) injection. Blood samples were collected on day 14 to evaluate IgG titer and leukocyte count. On days 1, 7 and 14, the BW and on day 14 spleen were weighted for SI.
    Results
    The IgG titer increased with higher doses of HPE. The HPE increased number of lymphocytes at 200 mg but decreased at 400 mg, number of neutrophils decreased at 200 mg but increased at 400 mg, and number of monocytes increased at 100 mg and 200 mg but decreased at 400 mg (p<0.01). Increasing doses of HPE lowered BW (p<0.01). The HPE increased SI at 100 mg and 200 mg but decreased at 400 mg (p>0.072).
    Conclusions
    The results showed that HPE slightly improved IgG titer but significantly increased the number of leukocytes and monocytes at 200 mg, and neutrophils at 400 mg. The HPE decreased BW at 100 mg and 200 mg with no damage on spleen.
    Keywords: Hypericum perforatum, Immune System, Spleen index, Ratsý
  • Fatemeh Nozhat, Sanaz Alaee, Khodabakhsh Behzadi, Najmeh Azadi Chegini Pages 420-429
    Objective
    In this study we investigated the effects of spearmint (Mentha spicata Labiatae) on the reproductive system, fertility and number of offspring in adult male rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Adult Wistar male rats in one control (C) and three experimental groups (I, II and III) received 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg spearmint extract orally for 45 days, respectively. Following this treatment, the animals’ weights, and the standard weight of reproductive tissues, sperm count, sperm motility and serum testosterone concentration were measured, and reproductive tissues were examined histopathologically. To evaluate the effects of spearmint on fertility of male rats and growth of their offspring, male rats of the control and experimental groups mated with untreated female rats.
    Results
    Results showed that spearmint did not affect the rats’ body and reproductive tissue weights. The sperm count, fast and slow progressive motility of sperm and serum testosterone concentration decreased while number of non-progressive sperm and immotile sperm increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group, but none of these changes were statistically significant. Histopathological studies showed no severe changes in reproductive tissues between control and experimental groups. Number and growth of offspring born from mating of male rats with untreated female rats showed no difference.
    Conclusion
    We concluded that spearmint has no significant toxic effect on the reproductive system, fertility and number of offspring in adult male rats at the above mentioned dose levels. However high levels of this extract may have adverse effects on male fertility.
    Keywords: Fertility, Male, Spearmint, Sperm, Toxicity
  • Md. Ramjan Ali, Marjan Hossain, Jannatul Ferdous Runa, Hasanuzzaman, Mahmodul Islam Pages 430-436
    Objective

    The present study is aimed to investigate in vitro thrombolytic activity of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants Averrhoa bilimbi (Oxalidiaceae), Clerodendrum viscosum (Verbanaceae) and Drynaria quercifolia (Polypodiaceae).

    Materials And Methods

    Each the plant was extracted with methanol at room temperature and the concentrated methanolic extracts (MEF) were fractionated by the modified Kupchan partitioning method to render pet-ether soluble fraction (PESF), carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTSF), chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF). To observe their thrombolytic potential, a prompt and swift method was involved where streptokinase and water were used as positive and negative control, respectively.

    Result

    Among the three plants, AQSF and PESF of D. quercifolia with CTSF of C. viscosum exhibited highest thrombolytic activity by clot lysis of 34.38%, 34.27% and 28.64%, respectively. Among other extracts A. bilimbi, C. viscosun and D.quercifolia showed significant percentage (%) of clot lysis compared to standard streptokinase (41.05%) while the negative control water revealed 3.31 % lysis of clot.

    Conclusion

    From our findings it is observed that all the plants revealed remarkable thrombolytic activity. Therefore, steps should be taken to observe in vivo clot dissolving potential and to isolate active component(s) of these extracts.

    Keywords: In vitro, Streptokinase thrombolytic activity, % Clot lysis