مجله فیزیک کاربردی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 2، بهار و تابستان1391)

In quantum logic، each proposition is as a Hilbert closed subspace. So، negation of a proposition is as orthocomplement of a closed subspace and conjunction and disjunction of two propositions are respectively as intersection، and supremum of two closed subspaces. The purpose of this paper، while explication these cases، is definition of semantic of connective in algebraic and Kripkean methods and explanation the relation between these semantics and physical world.

The zirconium-doped lanthanum oxide nanocrystallites were prepared by a sol-gel method. In this work، the specified amounts of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate، zirconium propoxide، acetic acid and 2-methoxy ethanol were dissolved and the obtained nanocrystallites were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)، Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)، Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. For measuring dielectric constant and electrical properties، tablets of zirconium-doped lanthanum oxide nanocrystallites were made and to study the optical properties of UV-Vis spectra were used. An optical band-gap of 3. 92 eV has been measured from the transmittance spectroscopy experiments when the quantity of Zr in the oxide nanocrystallites has been 50% with annealing temperature 700 °C. The obtained size of nanoparticles by using X-powder is about 30 nm. Investigation was revealed that with doped zirconium occurs a surface structure homogeneous that leading to reducing leakage current.

In this paper، AZO layer (ZnO doped with Al) deposited on P-Si by spray pyrolysis. The aim of this paper is the investigation of electro-optical properties of AZO/P-Si heterojunction and AZO layer under dark and UV/Vis illumination before and after annealing process. This junction is investigated as a solar cell and UV/Vis sensor. X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigation of AZO crystalline structure and morphology. Photovoltaic parameters of AZO/P-Si heterojunction is measured and results show that although contacts showed ohmic behavior، their resistivity were high that led to decrease in the solar cell efficiency. In order to increase the efficiency، contacts with low resistivity about 1Ω are needed and also TCO layer such as FTO can be used.

In this paper، nucleation stage and bulk growth of deposited nanoparticles are simulated by Monte Carlo method. Temperature effect is applied on nucleation and bulk growth processes by metropolis algorithm. Our results showed that the number of islands decreases and following size of Island increases by increasing substrate temperature. Also، a coalescence phenomenon is observed at higher temperatures. At 400 K، due to the phenomenon of surface diffusion and particles mobility، particles grow in thin columnar structures and are separated from each other.

The Monte Carlo (MCNPX) code has been used to the design a PGNAA facility for water chlorine content determination. The facility uses 241Am-9Be neutron source. Its configuration was optimized to yield maximum prompt gamma ray of chlorine in detectors، so minimize the relative statistical error. Then the calibration curve of measured count rate of 6110 keV gamma rays against the amount of Cl were obtained. The result permits PGNAA to be a valuable diagnostic tool for chlorine contamination of water.

By illuminating the edge of transparent plate with a coherent quasi-monochromatic light, due to abrupt change in the refractive index at the plate boundary, diffraction pattern is formed on a screen perpendicular to the light propagation direction that can be described by the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integrals. The visibility of fringes depends on the plate thickness, refractive index, light incident angle and wavelength as the visibility is a periodic function of incident angle. By varying incident angle and counting the maximum of visibility repetition in two successive angular intervals, the plate refractive index is obtained with four digits meaningful without requiring the wavelength and the plate thickness. The Cauchy and Sellmeier dispersion relation can be obtained by refractive index measuring in some wavelengths. By knowing one wavelength, the plate thickness and other wavelengths with four digits meaningful, in micro meter regime, can be obtained. In this report the measurement of refractive indices in two different thicknesses of fused-silica and soda lime glass for He-Ne Laser, Nd-YAG Laser and four wavelengths of Argon laser is done. The experiment has been done by modest instrumentation It is shown that by using the high precision Goniometer and more sensitive CCD it is possible to measure the refractive indices, plate thickness and wavelength with six digits meaningful