نشریه دین و سلامت
سال یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 1، پاییز و زمستان 1392)

Background and misuse of drugs is one of the global problems that can have deep and serious complications on person's physical and spiritual health, family life, economy, security and cultural development of the society. Misuse of drugs is one of the important factors dealing with suicide. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relation between suicide thoughts and religious belief in patients under methadone maintenance treatment of Sari. This study is descriptive cross-sectional. In this study, 123 male and female who referred to governmental and private addiction treatment centers with protective methadone were studied. The instruments of the study were suicide thought questionnaire, religious belief questionnaire and demographic information check list. The data were collected and analyzed with SPSS software and statistical tests. In this study, 17.9 percent of the samples had suicide thoughts. The mean score of religious practice was 2.6±.33. There was a significant correlation between religious belief with suicide thoughts and error frequencies (re-use of drugs) (r= -0.437; p==0.42). There was also a significant relationship between suicide thoughts and error frequencies (p=0.001). According to the results of this study, religious belief has an inhibitory role in suicide thoughts and error in methadone treatment. Therefore, reinforcing the religious principles and beliefs of the community, especially, for the youth is an effective step in preventing and reducing the tendency toward the misuse of the drugs.

Background and Spiritual health has an important role in the adaptation and relaxation of human beings, especially of those with chronic diseases. Cancer causes physical and psychological crises in people. Therefore this study was performed with the aim of investigation into the spiritual health of patients with metastatic digestive tract cancer and its related factors. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on the 250 patients with metastatic digestive tract cancer diagnosis in Imam Khomaini Educational and Treatment Centre and Tooba Clinic in Sari City, Iran in 2013. Random sampling method was used to select the patients. Demographic and Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaires were utilized to collect data. Data analyses were done through descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-Test and ANOVA tests and SPSS software Version 15 was used too. The total mean score and standard deviation of spiritual health for the patients was 94.47± 12.56 and the mean scores and standard deviations for religious and physical health were 46.35±6.49 and 48.10±6.96 respectively. There were not any relationship between patient's demographic variables of age, gender, marital status and their spiritual health (P>0.05), but there was a significant relationship between patient's dwelling place and their spiritual health (p<0.04). The results of the present research show that most of the metastatic digestive cancer patients have moderate spiritual health and their religious health level was slightly more than their existential health and regarding to the culture of our society, this condition seems normal.

Background and Commitment is related to better communication, greater happiness and more constructive behavior during difficulties, therefore it is important and thus the study of factors that play role in marital commitment would be important. The aim of this study was investigating religiosity and its dimensions in predicting marital commitment of personnel of state welfare organization of Northern Khorasan. This study is a descriptive–correlation study. The study populations were all married personnel of offices of Northern Khorasan welfare organization in 2013 and the sample consisted of 155 persons (67male and 88 female) that were selected by multi stage cluster sampling. Adams and Jones dimensions of commitment inventory along with Glock and Stark Religiosity Questionnaire were used in data gathering. Data analysis was performed by SPSS18 software and using Pearson Correlation and linear regression methods. Results showed that the religiosity and its dimension positively and significantly correlated with marital commitment (r = 0.548, p < 0.01) and they are important predictor for marital commitment So that about 30% of variance of marital commitment can be explained by religiosity. Also results showed that the correlate between marital commitment with age (r = 0.29), number of children (r = 0.33) and Length of marriage (r = 0.299) was positively and significant (p < 0.01). Results of present study show that religion is a promoter of commitment in person and in the institution of marriage and religiosity provides sacred purposes for Marriage, thus promotion and extension of religious beliefs can enhance fidelity and commitment in the relation of the spouses.

Agitation is a normal reaction to stress that have a behavioral, physically and intellectual components. It converts to a problem when it becomes to an unrealistic answer or continues unreasonably. According to the religious teachings of Islam, spiritual relationship with God results into heart' tranquility and prevents agitation. This study was designed to determine the effect of the voice of Quran' verses of benevolence on the student' agitation. This research was quasi experimental study; statistical community of this research is all students of Zabol University of medical sciences in 2012. The data amassment instruments include demographic questionnaire and the Spilburges anxiety questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics and analytical and T-test, mannwhitney u, X2, ANOVA and p≤0.05 has been given significant level. results showed the anxiety mean were 46/706 ± 12/744 before the intervention and this rate decreased after the intervention to 38/900±11/621. Comparison of anxiety before and after intervention showed significant statistic difference (p≤0.05) and comparison of changes in anxiety of the people of the study before and after intervention based on variants of location, gender and educational degree did not show any significant differences (p≥0.05). According to the research results, since the rhythmic tone of the Quran and its heartily voice enjoys a pleasant spiritual music, so it can be used as a non- drug therapy to reduce anxiety before student' test.

Background & Aging is defined as a progressive functional impairment due to reduction in adaptive response to the stress and associated with the risk of developing age-related diseases. An elderly is need of religious methods in order to face the changes and tensions of the life. There are few studies in area of religious belief and health promotion. The aim of present study was to explore the use of religious behaviors toward health improving in Iranian elderly women. This study was done by a qualitative approach. There were 25 elderly women participants. Totally, data of 25 interviews and observations were analyzed. Alongside the data collection, analysis was achieved through continuous text revision, observation and in-field notes. Data were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis method. According to the findings, totally 625 of the codes appeared about religious strategies for health promotion by elders. By reduction and abstraction of the codes two main themes appeared that were problem focused prayer and emotional focused prayer. Three subcategories constituted problem focused prayer theme that were problem solving, spending leisure times and confrontation. Subcategory of emotional focused prayer was self-control. Each subcategory was formed by more subclasses. According to our findings about the role of Religious practices in health promotion in Iranian Elderly women and by understanding the elderly women needs and their religious behaviors, health-care providers can provide educational preventive measurements in order to improve health promotion of older women.

Spiritual intelligence is considered as a new concept in different kinds of intelligence which goes beyond the physical and cognitive relations of the person with his/her environment and organizes the intuitive and transcendent realms of human life. On the other side, the concept of positive thinking (optimism) is one of the most important concepts in mental health. The purpose of current research is to determine the relation between spiritual intelligence and positive thinking among the students in Medical Science University in Babol. Regarding the nature of subject and desired purposes, the approach of current research is descriptive and in correlation type. The statistical community of this research consists of 315 students of Medical Sciences University of Babol who were selected by stratified random sampling. The analysis of data is performed by statistical tests of T, F, simple linear regression and factor analysis using SPSS software and LISREL. The mean of spiritual intelligence and positive thinking of Medical Sciences University students of Babol is obtained 118.36±13.17 and 115.18±15.15 The correlation coefficient is calculated as (r=0.402) at the 95% confidence level (α =5%) and 313 df = degrees of freedom, the critical correlation coefficient table (B r=0.098) is larger, Therefore there is meaningful relationship between spiritual intelligence and optimism. This study showed that student's spiritual intelligence influenced on positive thinking. And as much as the level of spiritual intelligence in students is increasing the amount of positive thinking will grow in life too. According to the results, spiritual intelligence is a good predictor and mediator for positive thinking and the high level of positive thinking indicates the high spiritual intelligence.

marital adjustment is a kind of harmony and empathy in achieving common goals of life between husband and wife which leads to satisfaction from living together. Religion is considered as one of the most effective spiritual fulcrums which are able to provide the meaning of life in each moment of lifetime and rescue a person in special condition from suspension and meaninglessness by providing explanatory fulcrum. The main aim of this research is to study the relationship between religious orientation and marital adjustment among couples of Qom City. This is a correlation descriptive study. The study population included all the couples referred to counseling centers and psychological clinics of Qom City. So 150 people who referred to counseling centers and psychological clinics of Qom City and volunteered to participate, were selected. The required information was collected using Azarbaijani’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire (2003) and Espanire Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression. findings show that there is a positive correlation between religious orientation and marital satisfaction(r=0.45, p>0.001). This means that religious orientation can predict marital adjustment. Religious orientation also has direct and significant relationship with dimensions of dyadic satisfaction (r=0/45, p>0.001), dyadic cohesion (r=0.41, p>0.001), dyadic consensus (r=0.40, p>0.001), affection expression (r=0.317, p> 0.001). Coclusion: since religious orientation can be effective in improving relationships and marital adjustment, it is recommended to take advantage of strengthening religious beliefs of couples and cause them to approach each other in counseling.

Application of religious instructions, especially consumption of Halal meat, is a physical and mental health guarantee in human lives. In this study, the effects of pork consumption on human physical and mental health were surveyed based on Quran perspective, narratives, and other celestial religions and medical parasitology. In this study, with reference to the Holy Quran, valid interpretations, Hadith of infallible Imams (AS), narrative, other celestial religions, medical parasitology and data bank of PubMed, Sid, Magiran, the required information was obtained concerning the reasons for the prohibition of pork consumption. By Data analysis and comparison of religious and scientific resources, the mystery of Islam's emphasis over the sanctity of pork consumption came into the light. The results of Islamic narratives show that consumption of pork meat emenates both mental and spiritual impacts on consumers. Besides, based on Parasitology findings, the consumption of pork meat causes serious zoonotic diseases such as Trichinosis, Cysticercosis, as well as, the presence of toxin and even harmful indexes after cooking are considered as reasons for inedibility of pork meat. This study shows that maybe one of the mysteries of the prohibition of pork consumption in Islam could be found in respect of its adverse effects on physical, mental and spiritual health. Therefore, application of religious practices which have scientific base in turn; is required to understand the scientific basis of the side-effects of eating pork.

"Euthanasia» originally is a Greek word. It means good death or dying comfortably. But now it is a medical term. It`s common sense is the " Act or method of causing death painlessly, in order to end suffering as a way to deal with persons dying of incurable, Painful disease. In the West, talk about being right or wrong on this issue, especially from the perspective of religion and ethics, has been increased in the late nineteenth century. Over time, it became one of the most important and questionable challenges in the field of medical ethics and rights. Clearly, understanding of the nature and provisions of the matter, need to know it`s historical and scientific background. Therefore, this paper reviews the history and scientific challenges and movements that so far have been done for the legalization of the issue. This is a review study. To amass information on this study we referred to foreign and domestic books and papers, as well as websites such as:, Blackwell, Noormags, Oxford, Euthanasia. com, Hawzeh. net, elm. ac. ir, Iran Medex, ISI, Irandoc, and visited other sites. At first we searched some keywords like Euthanasia, medical ethics and then analyzed them. Although the practice of euthanasia has a long history in the West, but its entry into the medical science as a term refers to the sixteenth century. Since then it has been discussed. In the twentieth century many Books and articles have been written on this issue. The studies done in the west and Islamic world on euthanasia are not too enough to answer these increasing questions from patients, physicians, people regarding justification of legal and religious and moral questions. So we suggest that the researchers especially in the Islamic universities and religious schools give priority to it in their researches.

Abstract Fig is one of the rare fruits mentioned in Holy Quran and also has a special status in traditional medicine. Fig is a part of health promoting Mediterranean- diet which is used as drug and food throughout the world too. This study was designed with an intention to provide complete review of fig status in religion, traditional medicine, pharmacological and medicinal compounds and activities. Various resources and data banks such as SID, Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct, ISI and ISC were used for searching about sources and related articles. Holy Quran, Quran interpretation (tafsir), Islamic narrations and hadith and also reliable traditional medicine and medicinal plants books were discussed. Searching was performed according to key words containing Fig, Quran, nutrients, medicinal plants and Fig, Ficus carica, Holy Quran, anticancer effect, and medicinal plant from 1994- 2013. Finally data were extracted and results were categorized. In addition to the holy Quran, Islamic narrations recommended fig usage and this is an ancient medicinal plant. Different nutrients especially antioxidants in fig made it a protective and preventive agent against oxidative stress. Positive medical results of fig on cancer cell lines and animal model validate its effective role in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Fig has beneficial nutrients with medicinal properties. This mediates by their antioxidant activities and leads to treat many diseases such as cancers. The present study validates the religious claim and traditional medicine emphasis upon fig with scientific data.