مجله پژوهش های اعتقادی کلامی
پیاپی 14 (تابستان 1393)

Spinoza, one of the major rationalist philosophers following Descartes in the seventeenth century,has commented on God. He tries to resolve dualism arising from Descarte's thoughtsin a philosophicalmanner and for the same reason, contrary to Descartes who believed in three types of substances, heaccepted the existence of only one substance in the world and identified it withGod.This is the substance the existence of whichdoes not depend onthe existence of other things; nor does its conception depend onthe conception ofother things. In fact, according to Spinoza, the substance is “self-caused”, “absolutelyinfinite” and “self-existent”and the actual existence belongs to itand other creatures depend on it for their existence. In Espinosa’s view,such a being exists by necessity.In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the implications of “substance”, “being self-caused”, “absolute infinity”, “self-existence” and“the necessityof existence for God” from Spinozasperspective and philosophically explicatehow “necessityof existence” is associated with God.

Share literal analogy between the theory and the idea of a middle way because it is based on the semantic attributes are attributed to God Such a way as to be beyond human analogy is not necessary, but not much beyond that caused disconnection divine attributes to the human senses The result is closed and no knowledge of God. Thomas Aquinas 's theory implies Between God's essence and attributes of God, the relation of human nature and human qualities are But the most important forms of metaphor theory is that this ratio is expressed in two unknowns (the infinite nature of God and God's infinite attributes) are That leads to new knowledge about God is not obtained on the other hand at times Farabi believes imagination is connected to the active intellect and the imagination to understand God's infinite attributes If this theory regarding the cognitive basis for the theory of Thomas Aquinas put allegorical The ratio between the infinite nature of God and God's infinite attributes, only one remains unknown And the analogy theory leads to new knowledge about God and how to fix the biggest problem with allegorical theory and the analogy theory leads to new knowledge about God and how to fix the biggest problem with allegorical theory.

That there exists either one type of human talking for the man or many, philosophers and Islamic linguists have raised different theories.Peripatetic believe that human nature is of one nature and they are similar and identical substantively and if there exist variations that is due to external essence complications.They claim that the nature of the other creatures is of materialistic and physical matter. But human talking capabilities are abstract being beyond physical nature and they are equal in all nature and reality. Nonetheless there exist faults and variations in their utopia stupidity, morality among them.These are due to variations on their physical temperaments. the person who possesses biliary temper, is prevailed by happiness good humor while the other who possess mucoid temper involved with melancholy. The present study attempts to mention the evidence of peripa tetics in detail and then to criticize their views.

To elevate their words, The poets, depending on their Knowledge, make use of The great Sources of The Book and Sunnah (tradition). Sometimes this scope of The poet Knowledge is so wide That They percieve Sunnah in Quran and Then, brings The commonalities of The reachness of wisdom in his/her poetry and attracts the reader by his/her delicate thoughts and exalted subjects. Romi is one of those poets who has exalted his poetry with these teachings. In The Lyrics of Shams, either visible or in visible, like his other works, Romi has frequently mentioned poetic evidences for The indications to the lives of the men- of – desicion prophets in Quran. In this library research it has been attempted to describe This multidimensional impressibility in Shams Lyrics which is part of the mystical spirit, secrets and The elegance of The thoughts of Romi in his lyrics which result from the harmonious combination of Quran and Hadith (the speech).

AbstractThe nature of religious beliefs is one of the most important questions which theologians and philosophers of religion are concerned to them. In this case, there are some theories like fundamentalism, Coherentism, Holism and Reliabilism which try to justify maintaining to religious beliefs and show their rationality. In this paper, it is tried to explain rationality of religious beliefs by a new approach. In this approach, religious propositions are considered as a system of beliefs that are consisted of three Fundamental, Intermediate and Marginal beliefs, and between them there are some ontological and epistemological relations. In this system, Fundamental beliefs are ontologically in the highest stage, and have the highest level of rationality, universality and constancy, and there is the least possibility of their changeability and effectiveness. Intermediate beliefs, which are depended on fundamental ones and the result of how they are interpreted, are in the farther down level and have relative rationality, constancy and universality, and subjected to altering and be effected by epistemic and non-epistemic factors. Marginal beliefs are placed in the lowest ontological and epistemological level, and have the lease rationality, constancy and universality, and are greatly subjected to altering and accepting more effects. In this ontological system, there are some beliefs in the same level that have unique ontological and epistemological stage, but with different functions. Ontological and epistemological differences of three beliefs are caused to their different rationality which can be named as gradual rationality of religious beliefs system.

Speaking about intuitional subjects for a person who has not yet experienced intuition would appear to be hard and difficult, but we have accustomed ourselves to vocables and terms. In this article after expressing the matter, necessity and studying the concept regarding leadership With lingual and theosophical approach, the definition of leadership is reviewed, and key hints are pointed to get it's precise definition, hence we have surveyed kinds of leadership including, juridical – social and lingual. Afterwards, Ebne Arabi's personality and some of his works is introduced, then the gist of the subject which is " Ebne Arabi's opinion on leadership" is considered and in this regard, kinds of leadership is evaluated generally and specifically including, divine – human and angelic leadership; thereafter, some appropriate solutions are presented in order to get Human specific leadership, and ultimately we have attended to termination of leadership in Ebne Arabi's point of view.

Ziyarat Jamia Kabira, Imam Hadi’s (PBUH) heritage for the futurities, contains sublime themes including the cleanliness of the Imams (PBUT). They are pictured infallible and free from involuntary mistakes, safe from temptations, cleaned of impurities, far from all indecencies or sins, and perfectly clean which are bestowed upon them by Allah. On the other hand, they performed some actions in order to give thanks for these bestowments such as glorifying Allah, praising His generosity, remembering Him, and so on. The present paper aims to explain some of these actions and their relationship with the gift of infallibility and cleanliness of sacred Imams.