فصلنامه ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی
سال چهارم شماره 13 (تابستان 1393)

Organizations in a globalized society are experiencing external challenges and changes more than ever before. In order to adapt and react to these changes, creativity and innovation are seen as the most important means. The standpoint in this research was that all employees have creative potential, and how the creative potential is expressed may depend on variables in the organizational context. Participative management as a new approach in management through suggestion system can help organizations to exploit the creative potential and intellectual capital of employees. Suggestion systems offer the opportunity for organizations to benefit directly from their employees’ innovativeness and creativity. This study intended to investigate the moderating role of "Psychological Wellbeing" in relationship between "Valence of Suggestion System" and "Motivation to Submit Creative Suggestion". The importance of studying creativity and suggestion system has been admitted and investigated in many researches. Therefore, this study aimed to help organizations to utilize the creative potential of employees through improve participation in suggestion system considering psychological well-being and valence of suggestion system variables. Statistical population of this research consists of employees of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. A questionnaire with Lickert’s 5-scale spectrum was distributed among employees. Method of research was correlation and moderated multiple regression was employed to test hypotheses. Regression analysis revealed that psychological well-being moderated the relationship between valence of suggestion system and motivation to submit suggestion. The results of the current study have implications for managers and practitioners of suggestion system to improve motivation of employee to submit creative idea.

In order to maintain and increase the quality, efficiency and effectiveness and, ultimately, long-term survival and success of organizations in the rather complex and changing environment, it is essential to take advantage of their employees talent and creativity. However, the use of creativity involves the measurement and analyzing it. So the results of the analysis of creativity measurement can be used for the creative staff and adherence to utilizing it. This study aimed to identify and analyze the current state of creativity and its four dimensions: Problem finding, idea finding, evaluating ideas and implement ideas. Using a survey method, a questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population and after completion, they were collected. Data were gathered and refined, using SPSS. Then to ensure the validity (exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent and divergent validity) and reliability (internal consistency), based on research using predicates one sample t-test and t-test samples, were analyzed. The results showed that, although the staff under investigation enjoyed enough creativity levels, higher than average, but they were away from ideal situation. The results indicate that characteristics such as gender, marital status, responsibility (manager/subordinate), work (province/city), date (informal/contract) and the University graduation place (University of/at other universities), influence the creativity. Especially those with the lowest levels of creativity and the place of graduation of the University, shows the highest level of creativity. Priority should be given to enhancing employees creativity, both women and men by the managers on the staff in the provincial capital city. In addition, to enhance creativity in organizations, experts are needed to be organized, financed and employed.

Learning and developing students’ creativity is one of the most important aims of all societies and their education centers by utilizing different methods. One of the most efficient, noble, and comprehensive methods for creating and developing creativity in students is TRIZ technique. The objective of this article was to study the effectiveness of TRIZ instruction on students’ creativity and its various factors in high school. This research was carried out in an experimental method with pretest, post-test and the control group. The Population was consisted of all the female students in grade two at Semnan high schools, of whom five were chosen through multilevel random sampling method, and were placed randomly in experimental and control groups. The Instruments were Abedi Creativity Survey and Raven's progressive matrices. Also, a 6-sections lesson plan for instructing TRIZ was applied. After conducting the creativity questionnaire in pre-test and post-test stages, data were analyzed by PASW software and multivariate analysis of covariance test. The study has shown that there is a significant meaningful difference in elaboration and originality factors between experimental and control groups, but this difference isn’t so considerable about fluency and flexibility factors. It is suggested that creativity-centered teaching be utilized in schools, and also the effect of other branches of TRIZ like UCIT and ARIZ on student's creativity be investigated.

Psychologists have always been looking ways to increase the accuracy of psychological questionnaires. Creativity measurement psychological issues are very important as well. This study investigated the accountability accuracy and conventional scoring method with proposed methods using the means of incorporation of uncertainty and fuzzy linguistic variable approaches as to know how accountability and scoring method of psychological questionnaires work. The sample is Abedi Creativity Questionnaire which contains some 60 questions in order to better compare the results of a questionnaire answered by hypothetical methods. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed by conventional distance methods and analytical results were proposed. So the results of the conventional accountability and scoring methods put individuals in the rows of people with very little creativity. However, with the incorporation of uncertainty and fuzzy linguistic variable theory in accountability and grading method puts individuals in the rows of people with a lot of creativity.Discussion and Accordingly, we conclude that the incorporation of uncertainty and fuzzy linguistic variable theories in psychology are required to answer the questionnaire and scoring, and increase the accuracy. It also became clear that proposed method are available for use in all psychological questionnaires, especially questionnaires that have a lot of questions.

Creativity or creation, is one of the most interesting and controversial topics In various scientific fields particularly of educational sciences and psychology. This phenomenon has been among the major powers of the human mind in each and every era of history and has been considered as the main purpose of educational schools and training centers. The goal of this study was an investigation into the effect of Metacognitive Training on Creativity of girl high school students of Isfahan city. The study used a quasi-experimental method with pre-test - post-test and follow-up stages. The statistical population of the review were all high school girl students of the Isfahan in the 2012-2013 academic year of whom some 40 were randomly selected using cluster sampling method. Measurement instruments of the study were demographic questionnaire and test anxiety questionnaire(Spielberger 1980). After intervention the post -test was performed added with a follow up 4 months later. The results showed that the mean scores of the experimental and control groups, there were significant differences in the level of creativity at post-test and follow-up (p<0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that intervention based of metacognitive training was effective on creativity increase. Thus, the study suggests the use of metacognitive training in order to increase creativity in adolescents.

Blended learning is a new paradigm of educational and learning system which has made an effective learning by integrating face to face learning with information and communication technologies. This study intended to investigate the effects of blended learning on students’ creativity. In this study, the quasi-experimental method with a control group was used. At the beginning of the term, creativity test was given to both groups (experimental and control) as a pre-test. Then, at the end of the term, creativity test was given again for both groups as a post-test. Finally, the data was analyzed by analysis of variance method (ANCOVA). The results showed that there is a significant difference between control group and experimental group. And, experimental group’s creativity was increased. According to the results, blended learning was considered as an effective component which could increase students’ creativity. Therefore, authorities and principals should take important measures to encourage using this model of learning.

Spiritual intelligence represents a set of potentials, capacities and spiritual resources of their application in daily life and can increase the adaptability and well-being of the individual. In this regard it can be noted that the religious believes or religious personality are particularly relevant to spiritual intelligence. This article explained the relationship between personality traits and spiritual intelligence among researchers and elite students. The population of this study were all student members of young researchers and elite club. Using stratified random method a sample of 373 students were selected. Measurement tools were comprehensive questionnaires on spiritual intelligence test (ISIS) and five factor personality Inventory (NEO) which were designed and carried out online. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson. there was an inverse correlation between neuroticism as a personality trait with spiritual intelligence and its elements. There is a direct correlation between the elements of extroversion, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness with spiritual intelligence and its elements. According to these findings it can be concluded that all the influential factors of personality based on spiritual intelligence and extraversion except that an inverse relation with the other spiritual intelligence and spiritual intelligence are directly related to the components.

Critical thinking, critical disposition and creativity skills are regarded to be as important output of any educational system. The rapid changes of today's world in all aspects of life, information explosion and lack of thinking skills e.g. critical thinking and creativity in students to cope with future problems have emphasized the crucial of these skills. This study intended to help students to develop their mental skills by de Bono’s six thinking hats technique. This technique covers every topics and problems from different points and dimensions. Six colorful hats e.g. positive, negative, affection, creative, impartial, and control specifies six points of view. Pre–post, test control group design was applied to gain these aims. California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) - Farsi Version- and Abedi’s Creativity test were used to examine the effects. Since the groups were intact (school classes), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) for total scores of scales and their subscales were carried out after the intervention. The results show significant difference (higher) of disposition in experimental group, but no significant difference in creativity among the groups. The direct instruction of thinking skills by six thinking hats technique can boost student's critical thinking disposition, but not creativity.

Creativity is one of the most important subjects in education in recent years and therefore educators all over the world are of the belief that it has critical role on development of societies. The Purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of life styles instruction on students’ creativity. The population of the study included all boy students at the fifth grade of the Bolban Abad city. To select the targeted sample from the population, Abedi’s Creativity Questionnaire was used to collect the required data which was administered to the sample students before and after life styles instruction. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach’s alpha for the subcomponents was 0.61, 0.61, 0.67, 0.75 respectively. Data analysis was conducted through both descriptive and inferential statistics. For inferential statistics, independent t-test was run. The results of the analysis demonstrated that life styles instruction had impact on the students’ creativity. Life styles instruction increases the readiness of student creativity through its positive effects on their self-esteem, and self-awareness, and through decrease in their mental anxiety. This, in turn, results in increased creativity among students.