نشریه طب انتظامی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 9، تابستان 1393)

One of the most important approaches is the Sensitivity theory to Strengthening with hypothesis of behavioral inhibition and activation systems in addiction and abuse of drugs upon which this research is based on. The purpose of this research is to study the differences between brain-behavioral systems in drug-dependent and normal individuals. This is a casual-comparative study. The population of this study consists of all Urmia resident men and women aging from 20 to 50 year who were settled in addiction relief camps in October 2013. 120 testing addicted (80 men and 40 women) and 120 testing normal individuals (80 men and 40 women) whose age، gender and educations were similar to the addicted group were chosen by randomly sampling method. Measuring instrument of this research has been Carver White’s questionnaire (1994) and the data was analyzed and compared by using dual-sample independent T testing method. The findings demonstrated that level of behavioral activation system in the addiction is higher than in normal individuals group and the level of behavioral inhibition system in normal individuals is higher than in the addiction. Also، the findings expressed that the behavioral activation system in men is more active than women and behavioral inhibition system in women is more active than men but was not observed significant difference in behavioral activation system between addicted men and women. The findings have been parallel with Gray Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (1993) on the fact that consuming the drugs is caused by further activity of behavioural activation system.

Vibrio cholerae is an important agent of diarrheal disease in many parts of Asia and Africa. It is an enteric pathogen which can produce a global pandemic of the disease. Rapid، sensitive and specific measurement of V. cholerae is an interest for many clinical laboratories. The aim of this study was to design and develop a hexaplex PCR assay for rapid detection of V. cholerae. Six pairs of primers were designed for specific amplification of the virulence and regulatory genes for Vibrio cholerae O1: cholera toxin enzymatic subunit A (ctxA) and B (ctxB)، zonula occludens toxin (zot)، accessory cholerae enterotoxin (ace)، toxin- coregulated pilus (tcp) and outer membrane protein (ompW). Hexaplex PCR carried out using six primers and standard gene. Moreover، sensitivity and specificity of this method were determined. Hexaplex PCR showed the presence of the virulence and regulatory genes for Vibrio cholerae O1 in the standard sample. In addition، specificity was qualified and sensitivity determined 100 cfu/ml in this method. Hexaplex PCR Assay could be used to design a kit for cholerae detection.

One of the challenging problem in routine critical care practice is management of patients with impairment of consciousness to determine the prognostic factors that could predict final outcome in these patient with Loss Of Consciousness (LOC). GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) is the best known and widely accepted as a scale for evaluation and as a predictor of prognosis in these patients. So، we were going to compare GCS and FOUR for this subject. 65 adults patients since 22 June 2013 to 22 June 2014، who hospitalized in critical care units of two hospitals of Tehran city with GCS ≤ 9 were selected. We prospectively، evaluated the patients. GCS & FOUR scores were obtained on admission، week two، and follow up the patients after one month. In addition APACHE4 was performed on admission day. Finally، outcomes were evaluated for all patients. At the end GCS & FOUR and component of them in prediction of prognosis were compared and both of them in evaluation and prediction of outcome were compared with APACHE4. Of the 65 patients (M: F=%47. 7: %52. 3 age 64±20 year)، have been analyzed، %18. 5 (12) patients discharged with goodness، %40 (26) patients with neurological deficit and %41. 5 (27) had expired. During and after one month result showed four is better than GCS in the first evaluation for predicting death and dependent life. GCS & four is the same in the first & serial evaluation. in the first evaluation motor response by GCS and brain stem reflex by FOUR is better than the other components for this aim and the next evaluation these components performed as well as the total scores. Both of two scales are good predictor. But، According to current research FOUR score can be better than GCS in predict of mortality and neurological deficit rate.

Self-efficacy points out to one’s beliefs and perceptions from own abilities and sense of competence in own abilities in various areas of life (job، school، interpersonal relationships etc.) and overcome probable problems. Based on previous studies، self-efficacy is one of a factors affect anxiety. Current study conducted with the aim of study a relationship between self-efficacy، mood and trait anxiety. The study population included all police officers of Urmia city in West Azarbaijan Province that 300 cases were selected by cluster sampling method، and Sherer General Self-efficacy questionnaire and Spielbereger mood-trait anxiety questionnaire (1983) were completed with individuals. The results showed that self-efficacy has significant and negative relationship with both variables of trait anxiety (P<0. 0001، r= -0. 68) and mood anxiety (P>0. 001، r=-0. 76). The current study revealed that there is a negative relationship between self-efficacy and mood-trait anxiety، so that individuals with high self-efficacy has low anxiety and vice versa.

Tetanus is a kind of neurological disease characterized by rigidity and spasm of muscles. The causative agent of this fatal disease is known as Tetanus Toxin، Clostridium tetani. The Tetanospasmin consists three chains: HN، HC and L. The HC chain is binding domain and immunogenic part of toxin، so it is proposed as a vaccine candidate. In this study، the recombinant HC protein obtained from synthetic HC gene was investigated for its immunogenicity. Additionally، antiserum and polyclonal antibody were prepared against this agent. Recombinant His-tagged Hc protein was expressed in Escherichia coli Bl21 DE3 and purified with Ni-NTA column. Then، rHc protein was used for animal immunization. Along with survey of antibody titer، serum polyclonal antibody was purified by G column. After gene optimization، expression and purification، rHC protein was confirmed by western blot technique. Immunization of mice showed high titer of antibody against recombinant protein. Antibody purification from immunized animal serum was carried out as well. The recombinant HC protein production and its immunogenicity investigation showed high titer of antibody against Tetanospasmin.

One of the major bottlenecks for costs of health care system is medical equipment، where، more than 30% of costs for hospital beds are dedicated to medical equipment. Considering the importance of the subject، the aim of this paper is to review the status of medical equipment maintenance management for decision making and policy making authorities. This observational cross-sectional study with sample size of 190 participants who were selected by census method، exerted in the NAJA hospitals. Data gathering was done by questionnaire، interviews and documents. Validity and reliability of questionnaire were approved by content validity and retest. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA، t-test، Pearson correlation). Results showed that in the dimensions of maintenance management in hospitals، there is a significant difference between mean scores. Iran hospital has the highest rank out of 7 hospitals and Asr has the lowest mean score. In NAJA hospitals، dimensions of directing and coordinating had the highest (3. 28)، where planning had the lowest score (2. 84). Average scores given by men were higher than women. Marital status، education، type of degree and type of employment had no effect on scoring. There is no correlation between age and years of service with scoring. 68/6 percent of participants were agreed and 31. 4 percent opposed current chart of maintenance management. NAJA hospitals are in good condition in aspects of medical equipment maintenance management; however، it is obligatory to make more efforts to improve the situation by continuous education and reconsidering current organization chart.

Nowadays، spirituality is a new fundamental in organization which has a powerful and deep effect on staff''s lives. This powerful force will be achieved when employees’ work and spiritual life are linked. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and dimensions of burnout and demographic variables. This descriptive study – correlation has been done on the 350 personnel of police staff in Sistan-o-Baluchestan. They were selected by convenience sampling method. For gathering information، Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire and Mazlash job Burnout questionnaire with three main areas (emotional exhaustion، depersonalization، a feeling of personal accomplishment) were used. The Data were analyzed with SPSS17 software، descriptive and inferential statistics were also analyzed. The mean and standard deviation of spiritual intelligence was 42. 14 ± 30. 129. Spiritual intelligence only had significant correlation with two emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions (P = 0. 022). Among the demographic characteristics only marital status، age، and job satisfaction had significant relationships with spiritual intelligence (P < 0. 05); but between work experience، education، income satisfaction and spiritual intelligence there was no significant relation (p > 0. 05). Having high level of spiritual intelligence could improve job burnout so this fact suggests to managers to have an eye concern about education and improving spiritual intelligence in staff.

The purpose of present study was predicting drug preparation based on identity styles، parenting styles and coping strategies in high school students. This research was descriptive- correlation (prediction) study. 160 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling from all male students In Tabriz who responded identity style inventory، parental authority، inventory practices coping، and addiction readiness inventory. For data analysis، Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (simultaneous) were used. Data analysis showed that drug addiction preparation with a confused identity style-avoidance parenting landscape and emotion-focused strategies were positively related and with informational style، commitment and problem-oriented strategy had a significant negative relationship. Regression analysis showed that Identity styles، parenting styles and coping strategies could account for 36% of variance in drug preparation. The results noted that identity style، parenting styles and coping strategies have an important role in predicting drug addiction preparation، so we could expect that by teaching these skills to adolescents and their parents the problem ruinous would be prevented.