مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 6 (پیاپی 123، شهریور 1393)

Adenocarcinoma is the most type of gastric cancer. Survival of patients in this type is shorter than other gastric cancers. In this study survival of adenocarcinoma gastric cancer analyzed. In this study, 99 Adenocarcinoma patients that referred to Fayazbakhsh hospital in 2007 and 2008 recruited. Effect of gender, age, Grade, site of tumor, type of treatment, size of tumor and BMI on survival assessed. Survival time estimated using Kaplan-Myer and effective factors with Cox’s proportional regression. Data analyzed using R software. Sixty nine patients were male and 30 female. Mean age of male 61.81 (sd:13.22) and female was 64.40 (sd:10.77). Median survival time estimated 14.5 month. One, Two and Three year survival were 59%, 30.8% and 17.9%, respectively. Grade, radiotherapy, chemotherapy time and BMI were prognostic factors for survival of patients in multivariable Cox’s Regression. Patients who diagnosed in early stage of disease and receive adjuvant treatments have higher survival. General training for prevention and control, also regular visit and followup of treatment is the best way to increase survival of gastric cancer patients

Bone mineral density reduction is a problem that can lead to osteoporosis. Physical activity can be effective on the prevention of osteoporosis by some mechanisms such as changing in anthropometrics variables. The goal of this study was to evaluate bone mass density and some of anthropometrics variables and their relationship in athletes and non-athletes men. Thirty athlete and 30 non-athlete men aged 50-70 participated in this research. Their bone mass density and anthropometrics variables included weight, fat mass, muscle mass, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip circumference ratio were measured. We used independent t-test and Pearson correlation to analyze data. Significantly, in athlete group, femur and lumbar bone mass density and muscle mass were higher than non-athlete group (p>0.001). In addition, there was a significant relationship between bone mass density with weight (p>0.005), muscle mass (p>0.001) and height (p>0.005). However, the result showed that just in athlete group there was positive considerable connection between femur bone mass density and muscle mass (p>0.001). Regular physical activity with adequate time and intensity can affect on relation between bone mineral density and anthropometric variables through increasing muscle mass and bone mineral density. Therefore while comparing the research results individuals’ athletic or non-athletic status need to be noticed.

Chronic renal failure and hemodialysis cause major changes in patients’ lifestyle and affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This descriptive-analytic study was performed on patients undergoing hemodialysis in 2012. As study samples, 245 patients were selected by convenience sampling method from four teaching hospitals of Maragheh and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Quality of life was measured by Kidney Disease Quality of life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire. The pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The mean quality of life scores was 48.4 ± 11.9. Except for general perception, patients obtained lower quality of life scores in components of employment status, burden of kidney disease, quality of social interactions, and physical and mental health. The global quality of life of patients had positive and significant correlation (p <0/01) with dimensions of physical and mental health and specific dimension of kidney disease. Poor quality of life had significant correlation with older age, inappropriate employment status, poor education and low income. Hemodialysis patients had a lot of problems in dimensions of physical and mental health and specific dimension of kidney disease such as employment status, quality of social interactions, and burden of kidney disease. Therefore, necessary interventions should be taken to improve the quality of life of patients in all dimensions

To determine the effect of binocular summation on the time domain transient VEP wave's components. The monocular and binocular transient visual evoked potentials of 21 normally vision volunteers 18 to 24 years (mean ± SD, 20.7 ± 1.9) during a reversing checkerboard stimulus with spatiotemporal frequency of 2.18-4 cpd-Hz were recorded. The amplitude and latency of N75, P100 and N135 components of monocular and binocular transient visual evoked potentials were measured. To evaluate the binocular summation for binocular records in compare to monocular ones, the average of right and left eyes results obtained and binocular findings were compared with averages of monocular ones using the statistical methods of paired t-test. latencies of N75, P100 and N135 components during binocular stimulation records were significantly shorter compared to monocular ones (p<0.005). The amplitudes of all of three components in binocular stimulation records were higher than monocular records (p<0.05). Regardless of its cause, the higher amplitude and lower latency during binocular stimulation compared to monocular records shows more cortical activity in a faster manner during binocular vision compared to monocular vision.

Acute lateral ankle sprains are the most common injuries in sports and routine activities of life. The purpose of this study was an overview of EMG activation of postural stabilizer muscles in dynamic balance test to provide clinicians with biomechanical perspectives of the local and global effects of ankle instability. The sinker– card protocol was used as a dynamic balance test with simulating fall upon 4 posture stabilizer muscles; medialis gastrocnemius (MG), tibialis anterior (TA), vastus medialis (VM) and erector spine in L3 during sudden acceleration in base of support, in two sides of the body (involved, uninvolved or left, right) in sudden acceleration in forward and backward directions. The study was conducted on 19 adult men in two groups (9 LAS subjects with the mean of age; 23/9 ± 2/03 yrs and 10 normal subjects with the mean of age; 26/4 ± 3/20 yrs). The data of EMG were assessed using one- way repeated measures 2×2×4 ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance (p< 0.05). Higher TA activity in LAS group rather than normal group in forward direction was significantly illustrated. Higher MGR activity in normal group than LAS group in backward direction was significantly illustrated. The EMG activity of two sides of body in two directions were significantly symmetric in LAS group. Acute ankle instability with alternation in neuromusculoskeletal system can affect on dynamic balance control in patient with lateral ankle sprains.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide that occurs following consumption of raw or half-cooked or through contamination with cat feces infected with toxoplasma gondii, and also by congenital transmission through the placenta to the fetus. In pregnant women, toxoplasmosis is mostly without any symptoms and usually occurs in warm climatic conditions more than cool and mountainous climates. The serological techniques are most important methods for diagnosis. This study is a descriptive cross - sectional study investigating the IgG and IgM antibody levels against toxoplasma over 185 primigravida pregnant women from Nikshahr in 2012, using ELISA method. About 10.3% cases were IgG positive and in 0.55% of cases IgG and IgM were both positive for toxoplasmosis. Among participants 98.9% had history of consuming raw vegetables, 9.7% consuming half-cooked meat, 78.9% used no disinfectant materials for washing vegetables, 5.4% had the history of contacting cats and 16.8% had consumed contaminated water. Due to the low level of safety and high risks of infection during pregnancy and its complications, a general public education for preventing the spread of infection is important.

Diabetes and hypertension are from important non-communicable diseases in the world and their prevalence are very important for health authorities. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive precision of joint logistic regression (LR) and artificial neutral network (ANN) in concurrent diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension. This cross-sectional study was performed on 12000 Iranian people in 2013. The study questionnaire included some items on hypertension and diabetes and their risk factors. A perceptron ANN with two hidden layers was applied to data. The variables in the study were diabetes, hypertension, gender, type of cooking oil, physical activity, family history, age, obesity and passive smokers. To build a joint LR model, and ANN, SAS 9.2 and Matlab software were used. The ROC curve was used to find the higher accuracy model for predicting diabetes and hypertension. The variables of gender, type of cooking oil, physical activity, family history, age, passive smokers and obesity entered to the LR model and ANN. The odds ratio of affliction to both diabetes and hypertension is high in females, user of solid oil, people with no physical activity, with positive family history, age of equal to or higher than 55, passive smokers and obesity. The area under ROC curve for LR model and ANN were 0.78 (p=0.039) and 0.86 (p=0.046) respectively. The best model for concurrent affliction to hypertension and diabetes is ANN which has higher accuracy than the joint LR model.

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) includes the use of three or more anti-retroviral drugs with proven in controlling AIDS. The aim of this study was to investigate adherence and process of anti-retroviral therapy in patients refereed to Isfahan Behavioral Consultation Center from 1999 to 2009. This study was a cross-sectional study and therapeutic process of all patients who received anti-retroviral therapy was evaluated during this ten years. Patients’ data were entered to SPSS v. 19 and analyzed using descriptive analytic statistical methods. In this study, 74 patients had received anti-retroviral therapy. Eighteen patients (24.3%) who were in AIDS phase, died and the most mortality rate was observed in injecting drug users (94.4%) and patients with no history of treatment with methadone (100%). Sixty three patients (85.1%) due to AIDS or decrease in CD4 and 11 patients (14.9%) for prophylaxis reasons received anti-retroviral therapy. Eight patients (10.8%) did not have adherence to anti-retroviral therapy. Timely starting anti-retroviral therapy and patients’ adherence to treatment and methadone therapy to overcome intravenous drug addiction have important role in success of treatment.

Esophageal atresia is a common congenital malformation which it’s various forms dispose patients to short term and long term complications with different rates of frequency and types of complications. The present study was designed to consider these complications as well as associated anomalies in pediatric cases who were operated since 1995 to 2009 in Aliasghar Children Hospital in Tehran. First, all cases were studied through a chart review in terms of demographic, delivery history as well as types and rates of complications. As a follow up component, growth status and present general health status were checked by a follow up visit or calling the families. Findings were presented in terms of frequency and rates using SPSS software (version 16). A total of 66 patients were studied during follow up period (minimum 2 and maximum 15.5 years). Thirty eight (57.5%) cases were female, 42 (64%) were born low birth weight, 33 were premature (50%), and 14 had low APGAR score at birth (23%). Atresia was common in 58 cases (88%) and 28 (44%) showed associated anomalies, most commonly GI (13 cases, 20%) and cardiac (10 cases, 15%). Some 9 cases developed short term respiratory complication postoperatively (29%) including aspiration pneumonia, pneumothorax, lung collapse and anastomosis leak. Long term complications including respiratory and non respiratory ones leading to admission were developed in 139 episodes amongst them. Various pneumonias, lung collapse, gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal stricture and persistent wheezing were more frequent. Twenty one cases passed away (31%) during follow up period, 62% of remainder showed normal growth. In spite of similarities concerning complication rates in this study comparing other studies, it was showed that there is a need to have a shared protocol for various specialists in order to yield earlier detection of associated problems, better applications of diagnostic imaging methods for anatomical evaluation of respiratory system and pulmonary function test, and also best practice parameters for prevention and treatment of respiratory infections and growth monitoring if their quality of life is to be improved.