مجله پژوهش های بوم شناسی شهری
پیاپی 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

As regards training is one of the most effective components in development of every country, applying comprehensive and continuos proceedings in order to increase the public awareness about environmental issues is necessary. So, encouragement of schools HM teachers to learning environmental knowledge and instruct the knowledge to the students in every grade would be a very effective way to raise the awareness of the students in every age. So in this research, it’s tried to be taken an effective step towards relizing the objectives of environmental education by presenting some training in the field of optimal energy-consumption to 28 HM school teacher. This research is an Applied and semi empirical research which is done by questionnaire and distributing training packs on the base of environmental training variables and the knowledge of HM school teachers using Pre-test and Post-test with an one week gap between them on the control and test groups. The gathered information is analysed by SPSS software and using statistical tests such as Covariant processing, LeVin and Toki tests, Variance processing and Pierson Correlations. The results showed that the average amount of correct answers is sequencely 25.36 and 19.29 in the test and control groups, which this issue after controlling the Pre-Test manifested that environmental training led to an increase of awareness of HM school teachers in terms of optimal energy consumption.

this investigation has been performed in the tribe center of Naz-Dasht in Southern Khorasan regarding the effect (s) of the tribes’ settlement on economical، social-human and environmental issues. The present study was of case and field study and its analyses have been done by analytic and descriptive methods. To analyze the statistical data and to determine the meaningful levels between variants، the parametric tests have been used for the measurement of timed and relative variants and the unparametric tests used for that of nominal and ordinal variants. Due to the investigation، the following results have been derived: 1- There have been more changes in the social aspect، for instance، there have been formed some positive changes in educational and hygienic issues. From the tribes’ points of view، the settlement center could improve the different angles of their lives because it put an end into the difficulty of immigrating. The most important factor of which pleased the tribes regarding the settlement planning was due to the social changes in comparison with that of economical ones. For a permanent settlement، better plans and arrangements should be designed and performed especially for the economical improvement of the tribes because their life expenses are increased due to the settlement، and it is recommended that such investigations continue from different angles even after the tribe’s settlement and assembling.

Agricultural section has effect on many people and development or undevelopment of agriculture have important role in agricultural life. Therefore most Scientifics and investigators like study on agriculture and its effects on farmers. This paper aim is study of challenges against agricultural section and study of farmers’ problems in Sohrein village. This paper is descriptive-analysis and is used questionnaire for collected data. Sampling method was random systematic sampling. In this paper was used interview and observation method for collecting data too. Results say that agriculture in Sohrein village have some problems for example un adjustment seeds، un integrated fertilizer and little focus to extentioners. But ill iterating and little literate and non innovation cause that transformation was weak in agriculture. This paper says that unfortunately agricultural teaching do not attention to local condition in these educations. Finally، phi and cramer’s correlations show that large scale farmers have high relish to extentioners and officers of agricultural bureau.

One of the important and new dimensions in sustainable development tourism is ecotourism that have root in sustainable development theory and has formed in front of mass tourism that has environmental undesirable affect and become beyond of natural based tourism. Thus، it could not be called ecotourism the trip and travel in nature، without attention to sustainable development attributes. Because، ecotourism have a deep and strong relation with environment protect. On this basis، determine the accurate spatial extent and location potential of ecotourism، is the one of most important stages in ecotourism planning and management that with considering to ecological index of ecotourism is possible. This issue، especially in geographical territories such as Tehran province، that have a high supply and demand in ecotourism، is necessary. So، the purpose of this study is using of multi criteria decision making analysis، TOPSIS in arc GIS space، to zoning and prioritization the ecotourism potential of Tehran province territory. To achieve this goal، used of descriptive and analytical methodology، based on documents and library studies and combined multi-criteria analysis of spatial data. The result of study in the case study region، indicate that there are 5 main zoon in relate to ecotourism potential that high score areas are adopted with protected region and the main area with potential for ecotourism is located in the northern of Tehran province، among folds of Alborz.

Urban open spaces are invaluable assets in maintaining ecological health in a highly developed urban matrix. Unfortunately، habitat values and ecological quality of these areas are often challenged by consecutive urbanization. The assessment of changing structure and function of an urban space system is crucial in maintaining livable cities. General characteristics and type of open spaces are investigated in case study – Mashhad city. The possible impacts of urban landscape change on the ecological qualities of natural open space patches are explored by using a landscape structure indicator. Even though various conceptual and analytical approaches exist in measuring the ecological integrity of natural systems، in this paper specifically deals with isolation issues. Because an isolated open space system loses its ecological integrity، isolation index yields meaningful result for anticipating the possible threats generated by urban structure. Isolation trends of urban open spaces are displayed. Also، numbers yielded by the isolation index presented. GIS seems to be an appropriate tool to evaluate the intricate attributes involved in the phenomenon. Black- white and colored aerial photographs of the city of Mashhad in various date and other data are available are used for the analysis in GIS environment. The results show some eye-opening facts with regards to the planning and management of urban open spaces، and possible threats to the ecological viability of theses precious areas in the future.

Based on the statistical evidence، The Earth''s climate is warming and it happened particularly in the urban areas. For example، the annual average temperature in Iran''s third largest pollution metropolitan-Karaj، during the period 1960 to 2008 increased about 2. 256 degrees Celsius. The heating effect on the human environment has more features and derived urban heat island becomes more severe and lead to increasing air pollution in urban environments. Energy consumption increased to create favorable conditions of human living. Generally increasing temperature in urban environments poses serious problems and costs. The only way to prevent or at least mitigate these problems is Change the physical structure of the city in order to adapt the heating suitable place. Due to the high value and low land area of green space in the metropolitan cities،it seems that choosing green roof technology in large cities is a suitable altenative because of improved quality and it،s impact on sustainability of the urban environment. The main objective of this research is to introduce green roofs system and its impact on reducing the heat-island phenomenon. The temperature effect of green roofs in comperative study with other roofs were analyzed on micro climate scale and simulated by using Derob software. The finding is clearly shown that there is considerable reduction in temperature capacity. The results show that impact of heat island can be reduced by developing green roofs in the future constructed buildings in comparison with other roofs.

In most cities of the reasons the Chinese walls and concrete riverbeds are and in later stages due to neglect and lack of proper management، these spaces become the city dump and as an abandoned space brings many problems for the city. This is when today other countries are dealing with these spaces in a manner contrary takes place with Iran. As in most foreign countries in order to organize and revitalized urban stream and rivers، mainly the destruction of the walls and the concrete river bed has been done in the past، and try to have the status of a natural river channel from its initial state back. In this study، analytical-descriptive، comparative study of stream and revitalized urban rivers in the world with experience in this area will in order to more fully understand the properties of these spaces and how they revitalized role as it has left other and optimal use of the range. The results of this research is to provide guidelines and policies with proper planning could be mess up the River and rivers of the city، while the pleasant and beautiful these spaces can be converted into a green corridor.