فهرست مطالب

nephropathology - Volume:3 Issue: 4, Oct 2014

Journal of nephropathology
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Oct 2014

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/09/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Mahmoud Rafieian, Kopaei *, Masih Hosseini, Hedayatollah Shirzad Pages 121-123
    Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:Antioxidant supplements have generally beneficial effects, however, several factors such as the kind of the antioxidant and the dose should be considered to avoid the potential negative effects.
    Keywords: Nephrotoxicity, Cisplatin, Cisplatin
  • Ana Paula Giotto, Belen Barron, Ana B. De Diller, Alicia Torres, Marcelo Orias, Jorge Mukdsi * Pages 125-126
    Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Hepatic glomerulosclerosis is a rare condition which should be considered in patients with cirrhosis, typically alcoholic and renal manifestations.
    Keywords: Hepatic glomerulosclerosis, Ultrastructure, Kidney
  • Kapeel Raja *, Zaigham Abbas, Syed Mujahid Hassan, Nasir Hassan Luck, Tahir Aziz, Muhammed Mubarak Pages 127-131
    Background
    Cryptosporidium is an intracellular protozoan organism which causes diarrhea,both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Renal transplant recipients areprone to develop a variety of infections including protozoal infections.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in ourrenal transplant recipients presenting with acute diarrhea.Patients and
    Methods
    During six months of the study, 644 renal transplant recipients presentedwith acute diarrhea. Single stool sample was obtained for detailed analysis including grossand microscopic examination for red blood cells, pus cells, ova, cysts, and protozoa. Themodified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining was done to identify the oocysts of cryptosporidia.
    Results
    Out of 644 renal transplant patients, oocysts of cryptosporidia were identifiedin 343 patients (53%). Detailed stool analysis of these patients showed the presence ofnumerous pus cells in 27 (7.9%) patients, co-infection with giardia intestinalis cysts in 15(4.3%), and entamoeba histolytica cysts in 10 (2.9%). In all, out of 343 patients, 43 (12.5%) haddual infection with bacteria and protozoa in addition to cryptosporidiosis.
    Conclusions
    Cryptosporidium is an important pathogen causing acute diarrhea in renaltransplant recipients in our set up. Stool examination is usually negative for pus cells. It isrecommended that in all transplant recipients presenting with acute diarrhea modified ZNstaining should be done to rule out cryptosporidiosis in highly endemic areas like Pakistan.
    Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Diarrhea, Immunocompromised, Renal transplant patients, Stool analysis
  • Fatemeh Motamedi, Mehdi Nematbakhsh *, Ramesh Monajemi, Zahra Pezeshki, Ardeshir Talebi, Behzad Zolfaghari, Azam Mansoori, Shadan Saberi, Aghdas Dehghani, Farzaneh Ashrafi Pages 133-138
    Background
    Chemotherapy with cisplatin (CP) is accompanied with nephrotoxicity.
    Objectives
    In the current study, pomegranate flower extract (PFE) has been evaluated as anantioxidant agent against CP-induced-renal toxicity.
    Materials And Methods
    Thirty two male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (6-8 in eachgroup). The animals in groups 1 to 3 received PFE (25 mg/kg), PFE (50 mg/kg), and placebo(saline), respectively for 9 days, and onset of the day 3, they also received CP (2.5 mg/kg/day). Groups 4 and 5 were treated with PFE (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 9 days. Finally,the animals were sacrificed at day 9 after collecting blood samples. Kidneys were removed,weighted, and underwent histopathological investigation.
    Results
    The mean serum level of creatinine in group 3 (treated with CP and placebo) increasedsignificantly (p<0.05), but the value decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 1. Kidneyweight in group 1 was lower than KW in groups 2 and 3, however it was significant whencompared with group 2 (p<0.05). The serum nitrite level in group 2 was non-significantlylower than that in other groups, and no significant changes were observed in serum levelsof malondialdehyde (MDA). Tissue level of nitrite was significantly decreased in the positivecontrol and high dose of PFE plus CP-treated groups (p<0.05). Among CP-treated groups,low dose of PFE significantly improved kidney nitrite level (p<0.05). The results fromhistopathological staining indicated less tissue damage in group 1 when compared withgroup 3.
    Conclusions
    It seems that low dose of PFE plays a protective role against CP-induced renaltoxicity in rats.
    Keywords: Pomegranate flower extract, Cisplatin, Nephrotoxicity
  • Behzad Einollahi, Mohsen Motalebi *, Mahmood Salesi, Mehrdad Ebrahimi, Mehrdad Taghipour Pages 139-148
    Context: New onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) increases therisk of cardiovascular disease, rate of infections, graft rejection and graft loss as well asdecreases patient and graft survival rates. There is a controversy surrounding the impact ofcytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the development of NODAT. This meta-analysis aimsto identify the role of CMV infection leading to the development of NODAT in kidneyrecipient patients.Evidence Acquisitions: We searched several electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase,Medline, Scopus, Trip Database and Google Scholar for studies that completely fulfill ourcriteria between January 1990 and January 2014
    Results
    Seven studies with 1389 kidney transplant patients were included in this metaanalysis.The mean age of patients ranged from 42.8 to 48.8 years and males made up 53%to 75% of patients in the cohort studies. The incidence of NODAT varies from 14.3% to27.1% in these studies. Overall adj OR was 1.94 [exp (0.66)] with a 95% CI of 1.26-2.98 [exp(0.23) and (1.09)]. There was no significant publication bias based on the Begg’s and Egger’stest (p value = 0.17 and 0.54, respectively).
    Conclusions
    Our study showed that CMV infection is a risk factor for increasing incidence ofNODAT. Thus, prophylaxis against CMV infection after kidney transplantation is stronglysuggested. However, further clinical trials and cohorts are needed to confirm this association.
    Keywords: Cytomegalovirus, New, Onset diabetes, Kidney transplantation
  • Alireza Hamidian Jahromi, Bahar Bastani * Pages 149-150
    Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:Vascular complications are the most dreaded surgical complications in renal transplantationand can cause sudden renal allograft loss. Vascular complications are reported in 1-3%of the renal transplant recipients, and among them transplant renal artery stenosis andthrombosis compromise 50-80% of the complications.
    Keywords: Transplantation, End stage renal failure, Renal replacement therapy, Organ transplant, Transplant renal artery stenosis, Transplant renal artery thrombosis