مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 56، خرداد و تیر 1393)

One of the important indicators of diabetes treatment and control is enhancement of quality of life in patients with diabetes. Therefore، in recent years، quality of life in these patients regarded by therapists and researchers and increased studies in this field. The aim of this study was collection and integration of these studies results to investigate the effect size of sport and psychological interventions on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes by meta-analysis method. For this purpose، 25 acceptable studies (15 psychological interventions، 10 sport interventions) in terms of methodology (hypothesis، research method، statistic population، volume of sample، sampling method، instrument measure & statistic analysis method) selected، and meta-analysis performed on them. Research instrument was checklist of meta-analysis. The study findings showed that the rate of effect size of psychological interventions on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes was d=0. 95 (p<0. 00001) and the effect size of sport interventions on quality of life in this patients was d=2. 2 (p<0. 00001). According to Cohen’s chart both effect sizes of sport and psychological interventions were high. psychological and sport interventions can be effective on improvement of quality of life in patient with 2 diabetes.

Diabetes is a kind of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by defect in insulin function, secretion or both. In chronic hyperglycemia different tissues and organs, such as thyroid gland underwent histophysiological alterations. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of type 1 and type 2diabetes on the serum levels of biochemical factors and histological changes in the thyroid gland in male Wistar rats. After induction of type 1 diabetes (Alloxan 135 mg/kg BW) and type 2diabetes (10% fructose administrated through drinking water for 8 weeks) all rats were kept for 2 months. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and in the middle and at the end of experiment for biochemical factors analysis. After that, the thyroid gland of all rats were removed and processed for histological preparation. Then the HE stained sections were examined for thyroid gland volume and follicular surface density measurements, using Cavalieri’s Principle and stereological method, respectively. The results showed an increase in surface density and a decrease in thyroid volume in type 1 diabetic and type 2 diabetic groups, when compared with control. Furthermore, in type 1 diabetic group, the Triglycerid and Cholesterol levels increased and LDL level decreased, while in type 2 diabetic group, LDL and HDL levels slightly decreased. These results reveal that type 1 and type 2 diabetic conditions probably cause hypo- and hyper activity of thyroid gland, respectively.

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome = PCOS) is a relatively common disease in women of childbearing age. Bisphenol s are chemical groups that are composed of two functional hydroxyl group and most of them are based on methane. In this study, the effects of phenolic compounds, (bisphenol A and AP) in polycystic ovary syndrome were investigated. mature Wister rats were classified in six groups. Healthy controls (healthy rats that received Grape seed Oil as solvent), PCOS Group (disease induced by testosterone propionate) experimental groups 1.2.3.4, respectively. after induction of PCOS,they received bisphenol- A and AP in doses of25 mg / kg, 50mg/kg, by gavage. Blood samples were taken and the hormones LH, FSH was measured. Ovaries were also to be studied histologically. The results showed that the amount of LH to FSH ratio increases after induction with bisphenol-A and bisphenols AP,. Furthermore the number of follicles and growing follicles were reduced significantly, and these concequences causing negative effects on polycystic ovary syndrome.

Finding effective drugs is considered for healing diabetic wounds by researchers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the wound healing effects of palmatine in the healing of skin wounds in normal and diabetic rats. In this study 16 male Wistar rats were dهvided into four groups (Negative control, Positive control, The first experimental, The second experimental). A 4 cm2 wound was created in the left side of the spinal cord in each of these groups and the process of wound healing was macroscopically evaluated. The wounds of the diabetic groups (the diabetes was coused by streptozocin) showed longer healing process in comparison with the normal groups and the wound healing in the experimental groups which were treated by palmitine was faster in comparison with the control group. the results showed that palmatine speeds the wound healing up in normal and diabetic samples.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training on muscle NHE1 and NBC1 gene expressions in type 2 diabetic rats. Male wistar rats (n=40), 4weeks old and 93.7±9.8g, were randomly selected and divided into control, diabetic control and diabetic training groups. The Endurance training was performed for 7 weeks on diabetic training groups (running on treadmill forrodent). NHE1 and NBC1 gene expression were determined by Realtime-PCR technique. The differences between groups in variables were determined by an independent t-test using REST Software. NHE1 mRNA expression reduced significantly in EDL and Soleus by 25% and 19% in the diabetic control group compared with the control group, respectively (P<0/05).NHE1 mRNA expression also reduced significantly in EDL and Soleus by 35% and 29% in the diabetic control group compared with the control group, respectively (P<0/05).Endurance training increased NHE1 and NBC1 geneexpressions in both EDL and Soleus in the diabetic training group. The present study showed that NHE1 and NBC1 mRNA expressions decreased significantly in the diabetic control group and endurance training increased NHE1 and NBC1 mRNA expressions in the diabetic trained group leading to normalizing the mRNAs in diabetic trained group.

The increasing prevalence of Diabetes mellitus as a chronic disease, and as a manageable disease with medical nutrition therapy, needs to consider and determine the self-care diet therapy The aims of this study to determine the prevalence of self-medication, self control in diet therapy and use of medicinal herbs, for diabetes control. 502 Diabetic Patients were selected randomly in this descriptive, cross sectional study, from 4 diabetic clinics from urban Primary health care Center, and diabetic clinic in Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute. Data were collected via face to face structured interview of respondents by Dietitian experts, in the clinics using a developed and piloted questionnaire. 83.8% respondents were Type 2 Diabetics patients, 70.3% were controlled using oral medicines and diet therapy, and herbal medicine. The more common herbal medicine use for diabetes control were Cinnamomum zeylanicum(Cinnamon) 34.1%, Tigonella foenum graecum 13.7%, Allium sativum 28.6%, Anethum graveolens 28.8%, Zingiber officinal 17.8%. There was significant association between education level, age, and morbidly of other chronic diseases and self herb medication. Use of nutritional herbs, effective in reduction blood sugar and lipids profile were most common self herbal medication in diabetic patients. Which are The prevalence of self-medication with carbohydrates limited diet and herbal medication, were the most diabetes control methods in the respondents patients in this survey.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired insulin secretion, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with 50,000 IU vitamin D on improving serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in vitamin D insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients. In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 81 type 2 diabetic patients with vitamin D levels between 10-30 ng/ml were randomly assigned to intervention (50,000 IU vitamin D3 once a week) and control (placebo once a week) groups according to gender. The study duration was 8 weeks. At the beginning and the end of study, blood samples were collected after 12 hours overnight fasting and fasting serum glucose, insulin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured. Insulin resistance was obtained by HOMA-IR calculation. After 8 weeks supplementation with vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was significantly increased and reached to normal levels in the intervention group. Fasting serum glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased in the vitamin D group, but there were no significant changes in the placebo group. Supplementation with 50,000 IU vitamin D for 8 weeks compared to placebo can improve inadequate levels of vitamin D and glycemic indicators in vitamin D insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one the most common chronic disease, with many complications including renal failure, blindness and non traumatic amputation. Prevention of complications is possible through monitoring and control of blood glucose levels. Considering how easy home blood glucose monitoring is, we decided to evaluate the performance of two available glucometers for detection of blood glucose compared with standard laboratory methods. In this study, 369 patients with diabetes who admitted to the Shahid Beheshti hospital laboratory in 2013 selected by simple way. After fasting blood glucose testing at the laboratory; by lancet devices for ONCALL and GLUCOCARD Glucometers, capillary blood was taken, and glucose measurements were performed by a special strips. Finally, we compared of capillary blood glucose levels of 369 patients as determined by test strips (Glucometers) with venous blood glucose levels measurements by the enzymatic method (the standard laboratory kit), and the results was evaluated by statistical tests such as the mean ± standard deviation, and Pearson correlation. The mean blood glucose measurements reported using the Glucocard glucometer, the ONCALL glucometer and the standard laboratory method were 127.0±51.6mg/dl, 117.9±42.1 mg/dL and 118.09±51.9 mg/dL. Results obtained using the ONCALL Glucometer had no differences with the standard method levels)p=0.901(, but obtained results from GLUCOCARD Glucometers had differences with the standard method levels(p≤0.001). Diversity glucometer devices used in various parts of the country highlight the need for similar studies. We recommend use the ONCALL Glucometer with standard principles for glucose monitoring routine.