دوفصلنامه اسلام و علوم اجتماعی
پیاپی 12 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

Both Iran and Iraq have strategically effective cultural and social background after the fall of the Baath regime in Iraq and the withdrawal of foreigners from the country. Therefore, it is important to understand the realities about Iraq. First, this research shows that it is impossible to understand the current situations in Iraq because there is not enough information. Thus, the author tries to propose a theoretical and reasonable pattern for understanding the current realities in Iraq by analyzing the Iraqi Shiite view on the country. The main methodology in the research is ethnography and interview and observation were used for collecting the valid and empirical information. This research attempts to design a theoretical and independent pattern by which the Iraq's social realities are understood with the help of some current sociological theories which are often related to the Parson's theoretical discussions.

The study aims to investigate the relations of power and deviation and victimization which are important subjects in the Quranic theory of deviation. This study is a part of a research project whose purpose is to present a social theory of Islamic sacred texts on deviation. The findings show that Quran has analyzed these relations, deduced 31 variables from different levels, put them into three groups of contexts, effective variables, and mediator variables, combined them, and then investigated their relations with a comprehensive, systematic, and detailed view. The analysis which is in accordance with the Islamic culture is presented in the form of a theoretical pattern and offers new knowledge about the topic. The research methodology could observe the rules of text interpretation in the Islamic and social sciences and reach an understanding of Quranic teachings that has validity in those sciences.

The study investigates the gender aspects of women's delinquency and victimization from view of Islamic sociology. In this study, the Islamic sociology never claims to have a unique characteristic related to the experimental methods and statistical techniques and it is different from other sociological approaches in terms of ontological and epistemological principles and theoretical aspects such as explanatory, interpretive, and normative aspects. To make comparisons between the Islamic approach and other rival approaches, the sociological views especially feminist opinions and the Islamic views are mentioned throughout each of the four main subjects in this study: women's delinquency, violence against women, rape, and gender in the criminal justice system. This study shows that the Islamic approach by assuming some natural differences between men and women as well as their many similarities, leads to some rather different results connected with the casual explanation of gender differentiations in the four mentioned subjects.

Everyone (man and woman) as an element in the human society has a special position and defined borders. If everyone places in a proper position and observes the borders, it would have many effects on the family and society. The research has been conducted with the aim of explaining the educational, social, and moral effects of differentiation of gender roles and their borders in the society. The methodology is descriptive-analytical. After identifying and inferring the concepts and documents from religious, educational, and social texts and other studies, their contents have been analyzed and then their social and educational effects have been mentioned in this research. In addition, the research points to some examples in which men and women play the important roles and it also mentions some damages that would occur when there is not the differentiation of gender roles. The results show that the most important effects of differentiation of gender roles and their borders include the preparation of educational and moral growth, the stability of social foundations, the provision of mental health, family stability, education improvement, the growth of spirituality, and the immunity of sins.

One of the most important needs for conceptualization of Iranian-Islamic arts is to consider the components of social context related to the history of these arts. In the study, the Iranian-Islamic arts are those that are generally known as Iranian arts or a part of them in the Iranian society. Therefore, this study attempts to represent the most important social components hidden in the concept of our arts before the society faces the modernization process with the help of documentary research methodology. The most important concepts engaged in defining the works of our arts before the modernization process include the usage in social life, the artist's attention to pluralism, the emphasis on the social components of culture and religion. Regarding the social typology, the study investigates our arts by some criteria such as the division based on being men and women (gender), the generality of audience, important social-cultural happenings, and the social protections of the society's institutions.

The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the spiritual tendencies and the quality of life among the students of Shahed University. In other words, the main question of the study is whether the spiritual tendencies increase or decrease, the quality of life is changed or not. This study is applied the survey methodology. The sample size is 359 students (147 boys and 212 girls) from Shahed University. They who were selected by random stratified sampling were analyzed with the help of questionnaires of spiritual tendencies and World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL). The obtained results from Pearson correlation coefficient showed that with increasing the spiritual tendencies, the level of student's quality of life increases. In addition, with increasing the spiritual tendencies in dimensions of spiritual beliefs, sense of spirituality, spiritual self-actualization, and spiritual behaviors, the level of quality of life increases. Meanwhile, the results showed that with increasing the spiritual tendencies and their four dimensions, the level of quality of life increases in terms of mental, environmental, and social dimensions.

The present research named "a sociological evaluation of the people's attitudes towards the afterlife" has been conducted with the aim of evaluating factors effecting on the people's attitudes towards the afterlife. The research was applied the survey methodology. The population consists of 170000 people with the age of over 20 years old and the sample size calculated by Cochran formula is 300. The multistage cluster sampling was used to select people and a researcher-made questionnaire with Likert scale was applied for data-collecting. The data was analyzed by Spearman test, Mann-Whitney test, multivariate regression, and path analysis. Regarding the respondent's attitudes towards the afterlife, the findings showed that 49% are at an average level in comparison with the attitude of Islam towards the afterlife and 35% are fully consistent with the attitude of Islam. There are significant relationships between the religiosity, the age, the sense of deprivation, and the dependent variable of this research and there are not significant relationships between the gender, the risk-taking, economical-social position, and the dependent variable of this research. Based on the multivariate regression, the religiosity variables have the most effects on the dependent variable. The results showed that with increasing the religiosity, the sense of deprivation, and the age, the people's attitudes towards the afterlife is more consistent with the attitude of Islam. According to the multivariate regression and the path analysis, the belief aspect of religiosity has the most direct effect and the consequential aspect has the most indirect effect on the people's attitudes towards the afterlife.