فصلنامه تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
سال سوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1393)

In the current study, a deterministic model was used to simulate various progeny test programs of Iranian Holstein in order to investigate the results of application of three different breeding goal functions. The goal 1 consisted only milk production, the goal 2 included milk and fat percentage and the goal consisted herd life inaddition of production traits. Per each goal function a selection index was established using production and type traits correlated with herd life. Selection accuracy in various selection paths varied from 52% to 94% with the lowest one belonging to goal 3 due to lower heritability for herd life. Genetic gain was 0.24, 0.24 and 0.15 time of breeding goal standard deviation for the goal 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Comparison of correlated economic response from three breeding goals showed that the goal 1 and 2, lacking herd life, had lower economic efficiency relative to goal 3.

In this experiment the effect of different amounts of lemon pulp in diet on performance, carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters of meat type turkeys was evaluated. A total of 96 bronze meat type turkeys from 16 to 26 weeks in 4 treatments and 4 replicates (6 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design were used. Dried lemon pulp contained 8.23% (CP), 28.30% (CF), 0.61% (CA), 33% (P) and 1400 kcal/kg (ME). The amounts of lemon pulp were 0, 2, 4 and 6% in experimental groups. The highest amounts of daily feed intake (148.29 g), daily weight gain (47.86 g) and the best feed conversion ratio (3.09) were observed by using 6% Lemon pulp in diet, but had no observed any significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). Using increasing levels of lemon pulp in contrast to control group, decreased the amount of abdominal fat, so the lowest amount (1.48%) was obtained by using 6% lemon pulp (P<0.05). The amount of LDL (75.53 mg/dL) was higher the experimental groups (P<0.05), but they had no difference between experimental groups (P>0.05). Other evaluated parameters did not affect by using lemon pulp (P>0.05). The overall results indicated that in meat type turkeys from 16 to 26 weeks, using lemon pulp up to 6% of diets, without having any adverse effects on performance, decreased the amounts of abdominal fat and blood LDL.

This study was conducted to determine the nutritve value of Vinasse (process wastewater from sugar molasses) in the diet and its effect on performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens (Hy Line W-36 strains) In the second phase of laying At the age of 70 weeks were performed. Experiment in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 6 replicates with 6 hens in each replicate was conducted.The experimental treatments was consisted of six levels of Vinasse (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 percent) respectively was feed during a three months.In order to mesuring parameters studied included daily feed intake, hen day egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, egg mass, in daily and excreta moisture, haugh unit, egg specific gravity, shell thickness, shell weight in unit surface, shape index, monthly, respectively. The highest level of feed intake was showed in the diet containing 15% Vinasse (108.84 g) than control diet (P<0.05). The highest levels of vinasse in diet was showed the lowest average of hen day egg production and egg mass (respectively 42.52, 27.36%; P <0.05). The highest of shell thickness (0.65 mm) and average of haugh unit (93.15) were observed in 6% and 15% vinasse, respectively(P <0/05). Vinasse increased to 9% in the diet, the diet will lead to cost reductions. Finally it seems that using of 9% of Vinasse in diet of laying hens can be economical for least cost of diet without negative significantly effect on performance.

In a study the effect of different levels of Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on performance traits and some blood parameters of broilers were determined. Pomegranate seed pulp was used in 0, 1, 2,, , 5 and 6 % of feed from days 1 to 42. Two hundreds and eighty one day old Ross male broilers with a completely randomized design were assigned to 7 treatments, with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. In the end of experimental period, after skin removal, carcass weight, edible and inedible internal organs weights were measured. On day 42, two birds from each replicate were killed and blood samples for determining triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and HDL concentrations were obtained. The results showed that there were no significant differences between treatments on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight, edible and inedible internal organs. Also, there were no significant differences between treatments for triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL (P>0.05). The weight percentage of gizzard for treatment having 5 PSP % (2.63 mM) showed to be significantly different from that of the control (2 mM) (P<0.05). Based on the results obtained addition of Pomegranate seed pulp to diet had no significant effect on performance traits of broilers; therefore, this byproduct, particularly where available, can be used up to 6 % in broiler's diet.

A total of 200 one-day-old broiler chicks were used to compare the effects of Mentha mozaffarianii Jamzad, dill (Anethum graveolens) and prebiotic (mannan-oligosaccharide) on performance, slaughter traits and blood hematological and biochemical parameters. The broilers were divided into 20 groups of 10 chicks and four groups were assigned to each treatment. The experimental treatments consisted of basal diet with no additives (control diet) and basal diet containing 1 % oregano, 1 % dill, mixture of 0.5 % oregano and 0.5 % dill or commercial level of prebiotic. At 42 days, blood samples were taken from 2 birds per replicate to measure blood cell parameters (red and white blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin) and chemical parameters (protein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C). Body weight gain and feed intake were measured and two birds per replicate were slaughtered for determination of carcass traits at the end of trial. The results showed that body weight gain and feed conversion of treatments mixture of oregano and dill (2150.9 g and 1.77, respectively) and prebiotic (2169.3 g and 1.77, respectively) was better than control treatment (1922.6 g and 1.96, respectively) during the whole experimental period (P<0.05). Serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels in treatments oregano (78.62 and 106.6 mg/dL, respectively), mixture of oregano and dill 72.75 and 104.1 mg/dL, respectively) and prebiotic (80.37 and 105.5 mg/dL, respectively) were lower compared with control treatment (P<0.05). This study showed that the inclusion of mixture of oregano and dill to the broiler diet improve broiler’s performance and decrease serum lipids, which were comparative to the prebiotic supplementation.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of industrial potassium chloride (NH4Cl) and ammonium chloride (KCl) inclusion in grower male broiler chicken diets (22 to 42 d) under heat stress of summer (23 to 41°C) in Qom province. Experiment was performed as completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates of 8 chickens in each. Chickens were raised in controlled condition during 21 days and transferred to experimental cages. Treatments were consisted of control without supplementation or the levels of 0.6 (KCl0.6), 0.7 (KCl0.7), 0.8 (KCl0.8) and 0.9 (KCl0.9) from industrial KCl and 0.3 (NH4Cl0.3), 0.4 (N 4Cl0.4), 0.5 (NH4Cl0.5), 0.6 (NH4Cl0.6) and 0.7 (NH4Cl0.7) from industrial NH4Cl. The results showed that weight gain of treatments KCl0.9 (1330.8 g) and NH4Cl0.7 (1306.6 g) was greater than control (1187 g) (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio of treatment NH4Cl0.6 (1.57) was lower than control (1.78) (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin of control (10.19 g/dl) was lower than treatments KCl0.8 (11.46 g/dl), KCl0.9 (11.83 g/dl) and NH4Cl0.7 (11.36 g/dl) (P < 0.05). The greatest hematocrit percentage was observed in treatments KCl0.6 (34.19), KCl0.8 (34.95) and KCl0.9 (34.19) (P < 0.05). Antibody titer against Newcastle disease in KCl0.9 (2.35) was greater than control (1.37) (P < 0.05). The results showed that the addition of electrolytes in diets resulted in reduce negative effects of heat stress and amounts of 0.8 and 0.9 % KCl lead to best results.

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of different antibiotics on sperm quality of ram by a completely randomized block design using 23 factorial arrangement with 2 block and 4 observations in each experimental units. Factors include three antibiotics named Gentamycin (G), Lincomycin (L) and Ampicillin (A) that were used at two different levels including zero and, respectively 5, 10 and 2.5 μg / ml of diluents. Tris-based and skimmed milk-based diluents were considered as block1 and block2 respectively. Semen was collected from four rams in 8 times. Samples were aggregated and divided into eight equal parts. The different levels of antibiotics were added to each part. Samples temperature was reduced at a rate of 0.25° C/min t 5° C and was stored at this temperature for 72 hours. Sperms evaluations were performed at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after storage. The interactions between antibiotics on the progressive mobility, plasma membrane integrity and viability of sperm were significant (P<0.05).After 0,24,48 and 72h of storage, progressive motility(78.19, 66.26% and 54.52%), plasma membrane integrity(85.12%,75.12% and 62.62%) and viability of sperm(86.12% 78.38% and 70.62%) in a0g0l10 (Lincomycin 10μg / ml of diluents) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatments except a0g5l0 (Gentamycin 5μg / ml of diluents) at 24, 48 and 72 h after storage. However the characteristics of a0g0l10were significantly higher than a0g5l0 at time zero. From this study we concluded that using Lincomycin 10μg / ml had the most effect on quality of spermatozoa during storage at 5° C.