نشریه حدیث حوزه
پیاپی 2 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

Fihrist of Najjashi and Fihrist of Shaykh Tusi are the precious treasuries which provide us with valuable information about Shiite hadith collections and asls. The current method used by hadith scholars while transmitting hadiths from these books is to join their sanads to the chain of authorities of the related hadiths in these books. That is way Najjashi and Shaykh Tusi have cited their tariqs and sanads (chain of transmitters) up to books and works of hadith transmitters. Knowing these tariqs and sanads will yield many scientific benefits. Among them، the Fihrist of Shaykh Tusi is of more importance because Shaykh Tusi contrary to Najjashi has authored two important hadith books: Tahdhib al-Ahkam and Al- Istibsar fima Khtalafa min al-Akhbar. To make the long sanads (chain of transmitters) short، Shaykh Tusi has cut the first common part of sand and pasted at the end of the book in Mashikha section which called tariq. Here we face with two problems: weakness of tariq (insome cases) and lack of tariq regarding some hadith reporters. To solve these problems، the author of the present paper suggests the utilization of Shaykh's tariq in his book Al-Fihrist.

Those traditions which recognize the Holy Quran as a criterion for distinguishing the true traditions from the false ones (whether fabricated or weak) are classified into two groups: 1- Those which emphasize on verification of hadith texts with the aid of the Holy Quran. This group regards the Holy Quran as the distinguishing criteria، whether there is a conflict between them or not. 2- Those which regard congruency with the Holy Quran as the preferred aspect when two hadiths are in conflict، that is، in case of conflict between two hadiths with the same reliability; the hadith which is congruent with the Holy Quran is the preferred one. These hadiths are discussed in usul books under the topic of Ta`aadul wa Trajih. The author of the present paper، while mentioning the general and particular traditions in this regard، investigates the views of Shiite and Sunni scholars about them and concludes that: 1- In spite of the consensus of Shiite scholars on the reliability of traditions of `arda، some Sunni scholars considered them as fabricated traditions. 2- The Criterion for these hadiths is their incongruency with the Quran not lack of congruency. 3- Incongruency of hadith with the Quran is the incongruency of universal heterogeneousness. 4- Incongruency is the incongruency with clear terms of the Holy Quran not its literal meaning.

`Abdul Salam bn Salih well-known as Aba Salt (Abu Salt) Hiravi is one of the hadith reporters and companions of Imam Rida، peace be upon him. There is no clear picture of his life، religion، and views but his companionship with Imam Rida، peace be upon him، made him a prominent individual in the minds of Shiite people. The old Shiite rijal books like Rijal of Tusi and some Sunni rijal books have considered him as `Ammi. The author of the present paper tries to reidentify his personality in a variety of the Shiite and Sunni rijal and hadith books. He concludes that Aba Salt has spent a considerable amount of his life among the `Amma scholars and with the arrival of Imam to Khorasan، he gradually accepted the Shiite thought and converted to Shi`a.

The dispute over Fadak was narrated in various sources and is regarded as an important historical event. There is disagreement among the Shiite and Sunni scholars about it. Ambiguity and conflict found among the traditions of Fadak is an important factor of these disagreements. The author of the present paper tries to remove the ambiguities and conflicts without taking the traditions of Fadak into consideration.

Hadith filtration is not restricted to the fabricated hadiths. There is many a time that an involuntary mistake has changed the total meaning of a hadith. However hadith fabrication is the most important reason for hadith filtration. The phenomenon of hadith fabrication dates back to the early Islam. Enemies of Islam have always made their most to distort the face of Islam from within. The Holy Prophet and Infallible Imams and great scholars were aware of this danger and used efficient methods for analysis of chain of transmitters، disseminating the knowledge of rijal to discriminate those who tell the truth from liars. That is why the hadiths of Shiite hadith collections especially four Shiite hadith collections: Kafi، Tahdhib، Istibsar، Man la Yahduru al-Faqih have been passed through many filters in order to provide us with rich and healthy collections. The author of this paper tries to make a review of the methods of hadith filtration especially to the age of compilation of four hadith collections.

The author of the present paper has suggested a new method for presenting hadith teachings and called it hadith note writing. Status،necessity، requirements،and advantages of this type of writing as an efficient method which is necessary for the present time are some issues discussed by the author in this paper.

Hadith books are divided into two groups: sources and Intermediary books. The older books which contain a considerable amount of hadiths are usually called "source". These books are mostly used for scientific references. To give an exact definition of source book، we need to a clear criterion in this regard. It can be discovered through the word and its implications and utilized for research method of hadith sciences. After the analysis of the criterion for defining source books، some standards can be set forth for the level of referring to these books in opposition to intermediary books. This provides the researchers with easy access to sources and enhances the level of takhrij.

Bihar al-Anwar (Oceans of Lights) is a comprehensive collection of traditions compiled by the Shii scholar Mulla Muhammad Baqir، known as 'Allama Majlisi (d. 1110/1698). Probably completed between 1106/1694 and 1110/1698، it is an encyclopedia of ahadith، historical subjects and commentaries on many Quranic verses. Bihar al-Anwar has 110 volumes. Majlisi wrote it to gather all the wisdom he could find، in order to preserve that knowledge for following generations. His goal was to collect every single narration available، not to sift through and find the reliable ones، so only a trained scholar can determine which ones are authentic. The collection is the most comprehensive (as a single collection) among all Islamic hadith collections. The author collected narrations related from the Shii Imams، using both Shii and Sunni sources. The collection also includes his wellresearched commentary on these narrations. The present paper only deals with the treatises of this great book.