Journal of Research and Health
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Jan-Feb 2014

the variety of the bags in the marhet, persudes students to use variable bags, irrespective of their muscle of physical complications. Researches show that various methods for educational devices carrying, have different effects on student physical pain perception and muscles, skeletal, cardio vascular, respiratory and metabolism performances. This research is conducted to review the school common bags carrying (hand bag, shoulder bag and backpack) on elementary school girl students body muscles electrical activity. this study is from semi-empirical kind. This research subjects are selected (one school randomly) from hamedan city elementary grade girl students. Their body muscles electrical activities include: spine erectro muscle(ES), rectus abdominis (RA), upper trapiziuse (UT) and pectoralise major(PM) bilateral are recorded for each student by using EMG unit after carrying each one of these bags that weight about 10 percent of their body weight for 15 minutes on treedmile with a speed of 1/1 m/s and one minute standing. Finding showed that shoulder bag carrying result in dissimilar activities of left and right parts of four ES, RA, UT, PM muscles.(p=0/001). Hand bag carrying results in increasing this dissimilarity in left and right parts of UT, RA, ES muscles (p=0/001), so that EMG activity level in RA, ES muscles opposite direction increased sighificantly (p=0/001) and it reduced significantly in the other direction(p=0/001). while in UT muscle significaticant increase in the other direction and reduction in the opposite direction is observed (p=0/001) left and right parts activity of PM muscle during handbag carrying is similar (p=0/068), during backpack carrying EMG activity of RA muscle is reduced in a significant and dissimilar way(p=0/001) and it reduces in a significant and similar way in PM, UT and ES muscles(p=0/001).so backpack is considered as the best schoolbag in comparison to the other reviewed bags because of similar activities and lower activities of right and left parts of the muscles.

According to specified increasing in Aging Population in worldwide special in developing countries in 21 century. Aging and special conditions in elderly and providing phyciatrical and physical health are problems that should pay attention to them. This study is done with purpose of investigation of prevalence of loneliness and it’s Relationship with demographic factors in elderly women in Gonabad city. In this cross - sectional study, 500 elderly women with α≥ 60 years old, which attend to health and cure centers, with category sampling according to selected volume, are selected and necessary data are gathered with demographic and UCLA Questionnaire’s. Then, data were analyzed with 20version of Spss and descriptive statistics, ANOVA and chi-square. The prevalence of moderate and severe loneliness in this study was reported 50/4%, 39/4%. Indeed, there is significant relationship between loneliness and marital status (p=0/043), education (p=0/011) and family status (p=0/037). Results of this study are recommended to attention about loneliness in elderly, diagnosis of and aggravation conditions of factors in this feel and organizations of interventional programs to decrease of it.

One of the most serious health threat, which in recent years as one of the most important problems in society is considered due to rapid changes in society, from health organizations, law enforcement and social policy makers, the prevalence of risky behaviors are adolescents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of risky behaviors in adolescents in high school in 1390 was Ghorveh. This was descriptive study and 500 public high schools students selected by multi-stage random sampling in the Ghorveh city. Data by2 part questionnaire: demographic characteristics and "high-risk behavior in adolescents in high school" were collected. Descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation was used for data analysis. 4/19 percent of teens are always a high-risk driving, 8/18 percent always violent behavior, 4/19 percent are substance abuse, 1/17 percent always alcohol, 1/15 percent always sexual behavior risk, 5/12 of suicidal thoughts and forever 7/14 percent always had bad nutrition. In this study, the prevalence of risky behaviors among adolescents was remarkable. This finding can be a guide for community health nurses and community health policy, education policymakers and school health units that have paid more attention to this matter.

The presence of antibiotic residues in food products of animal origin, especially milk and meat, and their consumption can cause serious side effects for human health. The purpose of this study was to monitor antibiotics residues in raw and pasteurized milk produced in Elam province of Iran during the spring and summer of 2012. For this purpose, 9 industrial dairy farms, 4 local milk collection centers and 3 dairy processing plants were randomly selected. Raw and pasteurized milk samples were collected in 3 replications. Residual antibiotic of milk samples were monitored by Copan Milk Test. The results showed that 28 of all milk samples (29.16%) showed detectible antibiotic residues. Significant differences (P<0.05) observed between antibiotic residues in spring and summer milk samples, So that, the milk samples contains antibiotic residues in summer season (37.50%) was higher than compared with spring milk samples (20.83%). Contamination of raw milks (30.76%) with antibiotic residues was significantly (P<0.05) higher than compared with pasteurized milk samples (22.20%). Discussion & According to the adverse effects of contaminated milk antibiotic residues, which can be considered an important factor threatening human health and numerous losses that would caused in the milk industry, There seems to be a need for more studies to determine the exact type of antibiotic residue in milk consumption in this province.

Efficiency assessment is one of the fundamental issues in hospitals. It is possible to evaluate and compare hospitals with measuring performance indicators. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of affiliated hospitals in Bushehr University of Medical Sciences from the viewpoint of performance indicators by using the graphical Pabon Lasso model. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2012. Seven hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences during 2009 to 2011 were evaluated. Selected indicators for this comparison were analyzed by using the graphical Pabon Lasso model. Three hospitals consist of Zainabieh, Choromi and Baghiatollah was located in first region and Imam Khomeini hospital was in the second region during these three years. Fatemeh Zahra hospital was in 3, 4 and 3-4 borderline regions, respectively. 17 Shahrivar Hospital was in second region in the first year and in the later years was shifted to third region. Amiralmomenin hospital was in 2, 3 regions and was moved back to second region again. Adopting appropriate strategies to reduce services for hospitals in the first region because of inefficiency can be beneficial. Hospitals which are located in the third region are better to maintain the current situation. And finally, hospitals in second and fourth regions can be approached to efficient region by adopting an appropriate management and improving the performance indicators.

The Effect of Holley Quran s Song on labor pain and other maternal and neonatal factors in first stage of delivery in prim gravid women Bayrami R*, Ebrahimipour H Non pharmacological pain reduction drugs due to lack of complications on mother and fetus and easy to use are used in labor process. The present study is a experimental study carried out on nulliparus women who were admitted to the delivery room in Khoy city to investigate the Holy Quran sound effects on the intensity of pain and other maternal and neonatal factors in first stage of delivery in prim gravid women. This research was conducted on 60 prima gravid women who were selected randomly and divided in two equal experimental and control groups. After being admitted in delivery room in initial stages, the intensity of labor pain and vital signs in the two groups were measured and recorded by a ruler and then the experimental group during the active phase of delivery were allowed to hear holey Quran sound by head phone for 30 minutes followed by 30 minutes of silence repeatedly during which time their pain intensities and vital signs were also measured and recorded. Data were analyzed with t2, t test and x2 test in spss software. In Control group intensity of pain and vital sings were measured without any intervention. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results showed that majority of subjects were 20-24 years old. There was significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of pain intensity (p<0.005) so that the average pain intensity during the first stage in the control group was higher than in the experimental group. There were significant difference between The hurt rate, respiration and blood pressure in the experimental and control group(p<0.001). In the experimental group duration of first stage shorter than control group(p<0.001). There was significant difference in Neonatal Apgar score between two groups(p<0.03). On the bases of the above findings, hearing to Holey Quran sounds can be used for reduction labor pain and duration of first stage and improve other outcomes such as vital signs and neonatal apgar score.

Appropriate nutritional behavior have an important role in promotion of the student's physical and mental health. The aim of current study was evaluating effect an interventional program based on the theory of planned behavior on improving nutritional behaviors of students. This was a quasi-experimental study, randomized controlled trials, using before and after design, on 67 students in the fifth grade of the primary school,, which was conducted in 2010, in Mashhad. Samples were randomly assigned in two groups: case (n=32) and control (n=35). Then, intervention program consists of 4 sessions carried out for case group. Two weeks later, data were collected using using a questionnaire based on structures of, "Theory of Planned Behavior". Data were analyzed with SPSS-13 statistical software, independent and paired t-test and chi-square, in the significant %95. Before of intervention, in the structures of the theory, there was no significant difference between case and control group (p>0. 05). But, after of intervention, in the scores of attitude (p<0. 01، t = 3. 51), subjective norms (p<0. 01، t = 6. 98) and perceived control (p<0. 01، t = 3. 84), there was significant difference between case and control group. Therefore health promotion programs, based on the theory of planned behavior, have effective influence in improvement of nutritional behaviors among students.

With the emerging of positive psychology, the attention of psychologists shifted from mental illness towards the predictors of mental health and its promotion strategies. This study presents a model to explain student's mental health based on goal orientation, hope and spiritual well-being. The study sample included 374 patients (150 females and 224 males) with an age range of 18 to 50 years, average 24.97 and SD 6.27 that were selected via multistage sampling method among Hamadan Islamic Azad University and responded to goal orientation, hope, spiritual well-being and mental health questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS.16 and LISREL 8.5. the results showed that there is significant correlation between goal orientation with hope and spiritual well-being, also between hope with spiritual well-being and mental health and spiritual well-being with mental health. The results of path way analysis showed that the designed model for explanation of mental health was fit with data (AGFI=0.98, RMSEA=0.00, NFI=0.98). In fitted model goal orientation have direct impact on hope and well-being, hope have direct impact on spiritual well-being and indirect impact on mental health finally well-being have direct impact on mental health. student's who are goal oriented have higher hope and hopeful student's have higher spiritual well-being as well as higher mental health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate job stress, stressful life events and coping styles among shift and non-shift workers. The present study was a comparative study. The Statistical population consisted of all workers in an industrial company in Isfahan. A sample 90 workers (45 shift workers and 45 non-shift workers) were selected via simple random sampling. Data was collected through administration of scales of job stress with three dimensions including physical environment, role conflict, and role ambiguity (Hellriegel and Slocum, 1996), Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Holmes and Rahe, 1967) and coping styles scale with dimensions including effective and ineffective coping styles (Carver, Scheier and Weintrub, 1989). Results were analyzed using MANOVA test. Results indicated that in job stress, its dimensions, stressful life events and coping styles between shift and non-shift workers there were significant differences (p<0.01). Based on this study, it was understand that shift workers scored significant higher in job stress, its dimensions, stressful life event and coping styles and indicated the importance of shift work in stress.

The internet use and internet addiction is increasingly considerable among the students and university students. The current study aimed to determine the factors of internet addiction based on the planned behavior theory among boy students of the dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2012. In the descriptive-analytical study that was carried out by cluster sampling on 150 boy students of the dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection instrument were Young's internet addiction scale questionnaire and a manuscript questionnaire which its reliability and validity were obtained. Manuscript questionnaire was including background questions and the questions of planned behavior theory structures. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) by Chi-square test and Correlation Coefficient test.The mean of internet addiction (49.48 with standard deviation 14.56) was obtained. 86.66% of the students had internet addiction behavior (mild, moderate and severe). There was a significant relationship between attitudes and internet addiction scores (p<0.008). There was a significant relationship between perceived behavioral control and internet addiction scores (p<0.004).The planned behavior theory due to having behavioral intention, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control is a proper model to investigate internet addiction.

Psychological well-being refers to the experienced quality of life and reflects optimal psychological functioning and experience. We evaluate our life as either good or bad and if the evaluation provides us the sense of achieving one’s full psychological potential then it leads to psychological well-being. The aim of this study is to investigate the variables of psychological capital, psychological hardiness and spiritual intelligence as predictor factors in psychological well-being in the students. This study is a descriptive–correlation study. The study population are all students of Kharazmi, Islamic-Azad and Payam_e_Noor universities of Karaj in the 1391-92 school-year and the sample consisted of 377 persons that were selected by multi stage cluster sampling. For data gathering was used from questionnaires such as Ryff’s Psychological Well-being, Psychological Capital Questionnaires, Personal Views Survey Questionnaires and King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self‐Report Inventory and data analysis was performed by using enter multiple regression method. Results showed that the variables of psychological capital, psychological hardiness and spiritual intelligence predict 58/8% of the psychological well-being. The variables of psychological capital, psychological hardiness and spiritual intelligence can predict students’ psychological well-being and psycho therapists can manipulate this factors for increase the students’ psychological well-being.

Adjustment to chronic disease is a complex and multidimensional construct which can help the patients deal with profound changes in their personal life resulting from illness. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) with unpredictable and disabling course, among chronic diseases, can be challenging and little is known about the role of psychological adjustment of the patients toward it. The aims of this study were to identify determinants of psychological adjustment in UC patients, to examine its mediational role and the role of other predictors in predicting quality of life (QOL). Participants were 58 female UC patients consecutively attending an outpatient gastroenterology clinic. All participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing illness perception, disease activity, QOL and psychological adjustment. Psychological adjustment was measured as a composite of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, neuroticism and emotion-focused coping strategies. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the constructed model of psychological adjustment to depression, anxiety, perceived stress, neuroticism and emotion-focused coping, filled the data. The difference between psychological adjustment of UC patients and normal subjects was significant (F=33.88; P<0.01). Then direct and indirect effects of age, level of education, disease activity, and cognitive representations of illness with mediating psychological adjustment on QOL were examined. In the final model, the mediating role of psychological adjustment was confirmed and among other variables cognitive representations of illness was the strongest predictor of QOL. The results accentuate on the importance of psychological adjustment in dealing with the chronic conditions such as ulcerative colitis and help to better understand illness perceptions and develop appropriate complementary interventions for these patients.

Study the Effect of Supportive-Social Ties Onthe General Health of Elderlise; it’s an Introduction to Decrease use of health service in Elderlise by Social Approach's of Iran. this study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional survey on the statistical sample of 356Elderlise in1390 with the multistage cluster method and the relative category technique from elderlise of 60 and above60 yeare in Bijar city. A considerable percent of the elderlise have a usual and worse than usual rate of General Health status(70/5%). All of the findings of the research indicate the affect of the supportive ties on the health and imparting of the health services. There is a direct and p=nificant relation between Social Ties and Social support(p=0/001).The more noticeable relation is the strang ties with social support(p=0/000). The social support has a direct and p=nificant relation with the elderlise General Health(p=0/000) and among them the effective support has the strongest influence on the psychical health(p=0/000).various supportive resources have relation whth the General Health(p=0/000), and emong the supportive resources, the marriage relation and receiving support from the wife has the strongest influence on his General Health(p=0/000).The Social Ties(p=0/040)specially the strong ties dimention(p=0/011)with imparting of the secondary care services, has a reverse and p=nificant relation. Both the social support and General Health have reverse and and p=nificant relation with the Expenditures therapeutic(p=0/000). Conclusion and Social Ties entrains the social support and social support with upgrading the General Health has negative influence on the elderlise Expenditures therapeutic decrease. Since the family and relative group are the most areas of establishing ties and social support, hence the interferes to improve the elderlise Health and decrease their dependency to the formal cares can be done in these units. The social interferes(with relying on the cultural and religious elements) in order to upgrading the natural ties and establishing the institutes civil for developing the supportive ties in the society are suggested.