نشریه پژوهش در توانبخشی ورزشی
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

the present study intends to compare the effects of the modified FIFA 11+ warm up program (11+ warm up program applying the wobble board) with FIFA 11+ warm up program in lower extremity injury prevention among the young male football players. 104 young male footballers were selected from Tehran league and were divided in two groups of the modified FIFA 11+ warm up program and 11+. Each group completed its warm up program for 24 weeks. The hours of training sessions and matches along with the players'' injuries were recorded. For comparison of numbers of injuries between two groups، Poisson distribution z-score was applied. The players in modified FIFA 11+ warm up program had %43. 51 fewer overall injuries in compare with players in 11+ program; but this difference was not statistically significant. The ankle injuries in modified FIFA 11+ warm up program were also %43. 07 fewer than the players in 11+ program; but this difference was not significant either. the results indicate that although the group modified FIFA 11+ warm up program had almost %43 less injuries in compare with players in Group 11+، But considering that fact that this difference is not statistically significant، some more studies are needed to approve this efficiency.

exercise programs is one of the common methods for correction of scoliosis deformity, there is little research on correction of the non-structural type and several defects have been reported in previous studies. Thus, scientific evidence is little for supporting the optimal effectiveness of the exercise programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an eight-week corrective exercises program on non-structural scoliosis deformity. Thirty male students with scoliosis angle less than 20 degrees, the average of age 21.66±1.07 years, weight67.59±6.41 kg and height176.03±5.76 cm, purposefully selected from the population and then randomly divided into 15 people per experimental and control groups. Then, the individuals in experimental group participated in an 8-week exercise program, while the subjects in control group only performed their ADL routinely. Photogrammetric method was used to measure the angle of lateral curvature of the spine in subjects from posterior view. Data were analyzed with using statistical methods (paired and independent samples t-test) between pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the mean angle of scoliosis experimental group was significantly decreased in the post-test (P=0.001). Furthermore, based on Cohen's d-value, the efficiency of the corrective exercises program was large (ES=0.81). we can conclude that the efficiency of the corrective exercise program used in this study in reduction of scoliosis angle is desirable.

Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in the world and knee injury is a common occurrence in volleyball. The purpose of this study was the relationship between range of motion, angular velocity, shearing force and reaction force of lower extremity of jump serve in male volleyball players. The study samples consisted of 15 healthy male volleyball players which performed jump serve skill. All kinetics and kinematics data from ForcePlate and Motion Analysis System were used in Matlab for inverse dynamic analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the data. During volleyball jump serve, kinetic and kinematic variables correlation coefficient values​​ of lower extremity show negative correlation in peak knee proximal tibia anterior shear force with knee flexion angle (r = 0.111), hip flexion angle (r = 0.109), and knee flexion angular velocity (r = 0.118); and peak vertical ground reaction force with knee flexion angle (r = 0.570), and hip flexion angle (r = 529). The results of this study indicate that lower extremity biomechanics of jump serve is particular important. This means ACL injuries can be prevented after recognizing of kinetics and kinematics factors. Collectively, it is suggested that athletes and coaches use the knowledge of biomechanics in sport skills for decreasing and preventing the sport injuries.

The purpose of this study was to compare immediate and long-term effects of foot orthoses on co-contraction ratio of leg muscles among individuals with pes planus during stance phase of walking. Forty- five male students were categorized based on foot structure into neutral, experimental pes planus, or control pes planus groups (15 subjects per group). Electromyographic activity was recorded from the tibialis anterior and the peroneus longus of all subjects while walking barefoot as pretest measures. Experimental pes planus group also walked under two conditions including wearing the shoe only and wearing the shoe with foot orthosis. Subjects in experimental pes planus group were required to wear foot orthoses for 6 months. All groups were assessed in a 6 months follow-up period. Co-contraction ratio of leg muscles among groups during stance phase of walking were compared using analysis of variance (α=0.05). Co-contraction ratio were significantly different in stance subphases between both supinated foot groups and neutral group.The leg muscles co-contraction ratio changed immediatly and 6 months after foot orthoses use. According to these results, we concluded that leg muscles co-contraction ratio could provide useful index to explain motion controlling characteristics of the foot. Use of foot orthoses, also by changing in muscular activity alter co-contraction ratios.

Lower extremity muscles strengthen can improve balance and decrease pain in people with ankle sprain and therefore reduce the risk factors for chronic ankle sprain. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of six weeks of Pilatese training on balance and pain level in athletes with ankle sprain. 20 women with ankle sprain (mean±SD: age 21.87±2.30 yrs, body mass index 21.81± 2.67 kg/m2) were randomly divided into experimental (n=11) and control (n=9) groups. Experimental groups performed six week of Pilates training (60 min/day, 3 day/week). Balance and pain level were measured at pretest and after intervention with adjusted star test and FOAS questionnaire respectively. All statistics were preceded by Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. As all subpopulations used proved to be normal, classical student T-tests were used. Results showed a significant increase in dynamic balance (P<0/05), but it was not found for pain level (P<0/05). It seems, Pilates training is effective for balance through increasing lower extremity muscle strength.

Spine deformity detection, initial evaluation (screening) and also identify the factors affecting that, especially in children and adolescents is very important and can play an important role in prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Matthias arm raising test is a method of visual assessment of posture. The main objective of this study was investigating the relationship between quantitative score of Matthias test (hand, scapula and abdomen) and angle of thoracic and lumbar curvatures in 8-13 years old students. Sixty 8-13 aged male student from elementary schools of Varamin were selected and predicated in current study. Matthiass test was recorded using digital camera and their compensatory movements of hand, scapula and abdomen were analyzed by computer. Angle of thoracic and lumbar curvatures was measured by using flexible ruler. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for analyzing the measured data. The results of study showed that there were only significant correlation between angle of thoracic and lumbar curvatures and total score of Matthiass Test (r= 0.73, p< 0.05 and r= 0.56, p< 0.05 respectively). There were no relationships between components of Matthiass test and angle of thoracic and lumbar curvatures (p > 0.05). Based on results of current study, it suggests to assessing and screening of spine posture of schoolchildren by using of Matthiass test the total score of it applied.

Balance is an index to determine the level of independency of elderly (60 years and older) in their daily activities. The purpose of this study is Comparison the effect of close kinetic chain and proprioception neuromuscular facilitation training on static and dynamic balance in male elderly. A quasi-experimental study was designed that Of the among 380 subjects of male elderly in the Farsan city, 45 subjects randomly divided into 3 groups of 15. Average age in the closed chain (69.93 ± 6.70years), in proprioception neuromuscular facilitation (67.20± 6.90 years) and the control group (72.53± 6.95years) was that voluntarily participated in this study. Static and dynamic balance of all three groups of subjects were measured in pre-and post-tests. Experimental groups were performed close kinetic chain and PNF in 45 minute, 3 sessions per week in eight weeks and control group asked to continue their daily activity. Statistical analysis was performed using Repeated Measure Anova test in significant level (p≤0.05). The results showed that changes within group and interaction groups was significant in all three variables (p≤0.05). The results show no significant differences between groups in two consecutive testing in static balance with eyes open and closed (p>0.05), and differences between groups were significant in balance dynamic (p≤0.05). According to the survey, exercises closed kinematic chain exercises and PNF can be used to improve static and dynamic balance in elderly men.

Genu varum can cause loss of proprioception in the knee joint and increase the possibility of injury. The purpose of this study, the effect of strengthening exercises on proprioception athletes with knee joint position sense in Genuvarum. In this semi-experimental study, the patients referred to medical centers in Kermanshah, 20 male athletes with an age range between 20-30 years old with Genuvarum and knee pain and voluntarily participated in randomly divided into groups (experimental and control. Proprioception training in both lower limbs for the experimental group, 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, three times a day, 20 minutes each session) that in the medical center was performed. The pre-test and post-test to detected joint position, knee proprioception was measured at two angles of knee flexion and via digital pictures using Auto-CAD software. Data analysis software SPSS version 16 using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance and a confidence level of 95% (P <0/05) was performed. In the experimental group, the absolute error of the proprioceptive 4/4 ± 1/14 at the beginning of the 1/9 ± 0/80 was reduced at the end of practice. In the control group, the absolute error of the proprioceptive did not change significantly (Sig = 0/218). Knee joint proprioception exercises can reduce the reconstruction error. These exercises improve proprioception in athletes with Genuvarum.