فصلنامه اخلاق در علوم و فناوری
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 29، پاییز 1393)

Ethics in arts, especially as a verbal art in poem, attended during history by all philosophers, critiques of ethics and arts and literati. Ethical extremism believed that art must act to improve ethics and they ignore all art products that are against ethical norms. In other hand, there is a group as art extremism. They see all art products just as how artful they are. Third perspective has an integration view that it integrates two viewpoints. In this study, the integration perspective in looking at ethics is accepted. In review of idea and theories of scientists about ethics, art, aesthetics and poem, the following components determined for ethical poems: Commitment to art, Commitment to language, Avoid of vices, Perfectionism.

The quick development of human science in the field of biotechnology in three domains of herb, human and animal has changed the face of world in such an incredible way that it is sometimes difficult to imagine. Despite its advantages, the usage of these achievements put a lot of religious, moral and social challenges in front of us that are usually ignored. Breaking news of producing a recombinant animal named Genpet which is made from mixing the genes of pig, rabbit and chimp received different reactions. Regardless of factual achievement to this technology, the authors of this article try to study and investigate justifiability of this product in consequential ethics. Investing the different consequences of creating Genpets shows that in spite of having some advantages, the plenty of disadvantages of producing such recombinant animal for human being and this creature itself makes it an immoral activity.

Technology is one of the greatest characteristics of current century. Issue that has been discussed in the present paper is necessity of responsibility against technology and utilizing from its capacities to ethical and moral actions. This paper aims to reveal the necessity of teleworking implementation from an ethical perspective, by studying social-environmental advantages of teleworking arrangements and linking these advantages to the corporate social responsibility concept. Studies show that macro capacities of teleworking arecomplied with social and environmental responsibility of organizations. Hence, it concludes that organizations can respond to their moral obligations in society and contribute to sustainable development by adoption and implementation of telework arrangements. According to the paper, a teleworker company is a responsible and sustainable organization that besides profitability considers the interests of the planet and the people.

Nanotechnology is a field of science that is rapidly progressing. It is predicted that nanotechnology has a huge and tremendous effect on the fields of science such as: electronics, medicine and material science. This study tries to review the existing literature area of science and ethics in nanotechnology. Research shows that if moral, legal, social and political aspects of nanotechnology are not developed in parallel with the scientific aspect, it will face serious dangers. Finally, some strategies for bridging the gap between science and ethics in nanotechnology are presented. The results showed that despite the huge potential of nanotechnology and funds flowed into the scientific field, there are serious shortcomings in terms of ethical, legal and social research in the field of nanotechnology. Current research shows that leap forward of the scientific aspects of nanotechnology, moral and ethical aspects in the shadow of this mutation lead to backwardness and suppression.

With respect to great ethical scandals in every type of organization, the importance of an ethical dimension of leadership seems obvious. However, in order to understand this leadership phenomenon and its relationships with antecedents and outcomes, we must first know the nature of this phenomenon. This aim of this study was investigate the Personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism) and organizational variable (ethical context and perceived organizational support) as predictors of ethical leadership. The method of current study was descriptive. The statistical population of this research was all of the employees of Karun Oil and Gas Producing Company. The sample consisted of 300 employees of KOGPC who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments which used in this study were NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) (36 items), Ethical Context Scale (5 items), Perceived Organizational Support Survey (8 items) and Ethical Leadership Questionnaire (10 items). In order to analyze the data, Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used. Results indicated that all of predictor variables were significantly associated with ethical leadership. Moreover, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that predictor variables account for 67 percent of variance of ethical leadership. On the basis of results, individuals are attracted to, and are selected into organizations on the basis of perceived person-organizational values “fit”. In terms of ethical leadership, individuals with the characteristics and values that predispose them toward ethical leadership will look for organizations that have strong ethical climate and will be selected by them.

Sustainable agriculture emphasizes on agricultural performance with minimal impact on the environment. Since agriculture is one of the obvious manipulations of human in nature, ethical orientation to the environment among workforce employed in the agricultural sector could be a decisive factor in their behavior in the natural environment. This paper examines environmental ethics of agricultural extension workers who seen as the main actors in training of farmers in the rural areas. Descriptive research based on correlation was used to study the environmental ethics of agricultural extension agents. Using random sampling, a sample consisted of 77 agricultural extension agents out of total 88 agricultural extension agents in Jihad-e-Agriculture offices in Golestan province was selected. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire that included questions to measure environmental ethics. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software. Statistics such as descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and t-test were used. Environmental ethics of agricultural extension agents can be assessed in appropriate condition. Also, environmental ethics is independent of their age and the years of work experience. Environmental ethics dimensions namely theocentric, ecocentric and anthropocentric orientations are weighted and important respectively. Golestan province agricultural extension agents have a good ethics in explaining the behavior with the natural environment. Because there is no correlation between anthropocentric dimension with ecocentric and theocentric dimensions, and also because there is a significant positive relationship between ecocentric and theocentric dimensions, the primary focus of the trainers of agricultural extension agents should be on increase in ecocentric and theocentric dimensions instead of decreasing anthropocentric one.

There are many evidences about existence of crisis in ethical leadership and ethical decision making in almost all sectors of professional، social and organizational life: such as great companies ethical corruptions، financial bad performance and illegal activities and aggressive. Moreover، it is shown that the application of ethical leadership will gain a lot of positive results for organizations. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of some personality characteristics with ethical leadership. Research method is correlation. Population of the study was employees of a service organization in Ahvaz. Then، among all، 163 persons were selected as sample group randomly. Data were gathered by ethical leadership، NEO personality traits and internal locus of control questionnaires and analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. Results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between personality characteristics (conscientiousness، extraversion، agreeableness، neuroticism and internal locus of control) with ethical leadership. Furthermore، regression analysis indicated that personality characteristics can significantly predict ethical leadership. Ethical leadership is associated with some of personality characteristics. Therefore، organizations can use such personality characteristics in selection of individual.

Respect to the ethical components by students has a critical role in progressing educational goals and providing adequate ethical atmosphere. Until، the ethical principles apply by student in relation with themselves، teachers and others، other educational items cannot be performed. Therefore، this study aimed to identify and develop student''s ethical charter in schools. Research method is descriptive-correlation. Population of study includes all teachers and students of high schools in Tehran. By cluster sampling method، 100 teachers and 275 students are selected randomly. Data gathered by Students'' Ethics Charter questionnaire and analyzed by single-sample t test، t-test for two independent society، structural equation and TOPSIS. Findings indicate that، all factors known to be correlated as a structure. And components like: on time appointments in class، politeness، kindness and avoid of humiliation and giving nicknames to other students have significant weight among other components of ethics. Results show that both teachers and students have significant respect to ethical components in schools.

Organizational citizenship behavior is an activity besides formal duties that improves organizational effectiveness. In recent studies، citizenship behaviors attended by researchers. According to the last studies، individual and organizational factors suggested as factors influence on Organizational citizenship behavior. Spiritual quotient is one of the factors that attended in this study. Research method of this study is descriptive- correlation. Population of study includes all staffs of Behzisti in Yazd province. Among all، 132 subjects were selected randomly. Data gathered by spiritual quotient and organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire. Data analyzed by using multiple regressions. Results show that spiritual quotient explain about 17 percent of organizational citizenship behavior. Also، results indicate that spiritual dimensions like ethical behavior and consciousness and love have significant effects on organizational citizenship behavior. Results approved that there is a relation between spiritual quotient and organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore، with reinforcement of spiritual quotient، organizational citizenship behavior will be improved and lead to the more effectiveness in organization.

The necessity of complying with ethics principles in accountants’ decision making process makes it very important to study the factors influencing ethical accountants’ decision making. This study is aimed at examining the potential relation between materialism، outward and inward religiosity and accountants’ ethical decision-making. This is a descriptive and correlation research. The statistical population of the survey consists of all accounting students in universities located in the city of Tehran. A sample composed of Two hundred and fifty nine accounting students were selected randomly from the population. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Firstly، data were assembled using factor analysis and then hypotheses were tested using regression method. The results show that all three factors including materialism، outward and inward religiosity and the ethical judgment of people are significantly related with accounting students’ ethical orientations. While، ethical judgment and inward religiosity are directly related to ethical orientations، “outward religiosity” and “materialism” are inversely related to it. Considering the direct relationship between people’s ethical orientations and their inward religiosity and ethical judgment، as well as the importance of ethical behavior of accountants، it seems that، the propagation of ethical principles grounded on religious teachings in the accounting syllabus may improve the commitment of accounting students to their ethics principles.

Accountants honesty and commitment to the ethical values play significant roles to gain the public admission and confidence in the safety of accounting system and quality of financial information. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Accountants work ethics، job satisfaction and demographic characteristics. The research method is a correlation design. Accountants working in public enterprises in Kerman were statistical population of this study and they were selected stratified random sampling (n=95). The data was gathered using questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics، test of mean of independent groups، one-way analysis of variance، independent T -test and Pearson correlation. Results indicate that most Accountants in the sense of work ethics and job satisfaction are in the middle condition. There is a significant positive correlation between work ethics and job satisfaction. However، all of demographic factors did not have a same relationship with these variables. The Future of accounting depends on the ethical values ruling. With regard to the results، it can be stated that work ethics play a key role in promotion of accountant''s job satisfaction so it should be emphasized and considered. Also، due to explanation of the nature and styles of the relationships between these occupational variables and the demographic characteristics، some comments can be provided to select and employ different accountants in the rightful place at the companies.

Developing and management of relation with customers are the key factors in service marketing. The first goal of study is، to identify the optimal facets of communication style for customer oriented employees، the second step it is tried to examine the ways in which the customer-oriented employee induces dedicational behavior of customers. The present study is an applied and correlation research. Population of research includes all customers (who use the services more than twice) of Padidehe-Shandiz in Mashhad. Among all customers، 164 customers were selected as an in-access sample group. Data was collected by a questionnaire. Also، data analyzed by SEM. Results show that there is a positive relation among customer-oriented staffs and business ethics and dedicational behavior of customers. It is indicated that relational style has a positive relation with customer-oriented behavior This study confirmed the positive relationship between business ethics and customer oriented employees on dedicational behavior of customers. According to the results، when an employee act according to the customer- oriented rules، it is likely the customer has a depth and permanent relation with service provider.