فصلنامه دامپزشکی ایران
سال دهم شماره 45 (زمستان 1393)

Despite the importantance of fish helminthic infestation due to economic losses and public health threats, our knowledge is limited in its extent. The present study was conducted to identify helminth parasites and carried out on 100 specimens belonging to four species of the Persian Gulf fishes including Scomberomorus commerson, Nemipterus japonicus, Trichiurus lepturus and Pomadasys kaakan, which were sampled from Bandar Abbas port in summer 2012. The worms were fixed in 70% ethanol, stained and identified. The species which have been identified were as follows: 1 digenetic Trematode (Dinosoma rubrum) with the frequency of 3% from the stomach of T. lepturus, 2 species of nematoda (Anisakis sp. and Spirocamallanus sp.)., Anisakis sp. with the frequency of 4 % from the intestine and stomach of S. commerson and the body cavity of N. japonicus and Spirocamallanus sp with the frequency of 2% from the intestine of T. lepturus, 1 species of cestoda (Grillotia sp.) with the frequency of 5% and several larval trypanorhynch cestodes with frequency of the 3 % from the stomach wall of S. commerson. According to the results, the overall frequency of helminthic infestation was 17%, the highest frequency was due to cestodaand the most identified species was Grillotia sp. In this study, Pomadasys kaakan had no helminthic infestation. Based on the results, there was no helminthic infestation in the flesh of fish. More studies should be done to determinate the helminthic infestation and hazards of zoonotic diseases.

Determination of related genes to prolificacy is very important for animal improvement. FecB, FecG and FecX are the important genes on the fecundity. The aim of this study was the determination of FecB and FecGH mutations in Lory goats of Lorestan Province. For this study 50 blood samples were collected from Lory goats. DNA was extracted by modified salting out method. Site of the mutations were amplified using specific primers and PCR products (190 bp and 139 bp bands) were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis, and then the PCR products were digested with AvaII and DdeI enzymes. Results show no mutations of FecB and FecGHin the Lory goats. The genotype of all goats were wild type. In conclusion, the mutations of FecB and FecGH are not cause of prolificacy in Lory goats. So, further study is required to determine the fecundity genes and genotyping of Lory goats.

Toxocara canis has a worldwide distribution and is regarded as the main cause of human toxocariasis. Infection in humans, particularly children, is frequently caused by accidental ingestion of embryonated Toxocara eggs present in soil, water, food, dirty hands. In this study, C-terminus part of an expressed sequence tag (EST) encoded phoshphoglycerate kinase gene was selected from the NCBI Genbank (accession number HO348231) and amplified using semi-nested RT-PCR. CDNA was synthesized with the extracted total RNA as template and the modified oligo (dT) as primer. The product of RT-PCR and pMalc2x expression vector both were digested by BamHI and HindIII restriction enzymes and ligated. This construct was eventually transferred to bacterium E.coli, strain TG1. After plasmid purification, the insert was sequenced and characterized. Sequence comparisons with GenBank database were done using the BLAST software. Based on the sequence data, the complete sequence contained 304 nucleotides encoding an open reading frame of 101 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 10.497 kDa and theoretical pI of 5. The results of this study indicated that the C-terminus part of phosphoglycerate kinase was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli. Analysis of recombinant protein showed that part of this protein belongs to "phosphoglycerate kinase superfamily". Multiple aligenment shows that TcPGK had 95% and 85% similarity with phosphoglycerate kinase from Ascaris suum and also Loa loa and Burigia malayi, respectively.

Folliculogenesis serves as maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte. During folliculogenesis, follicular fluids containing growth factors, hormones and nutrients pave the way for oocyte growth and development. The present study was aimed to compare glucose, urea, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of follicular fluids in different sized follicles and serum of Arab sheep. The blood and ovaries samples of 30 slaughtered sheep were taken to be studied. Follicular fluid was taken in three set of small (less than 2mm), medium (2 to 4 mm) and large (up to 4mm) sizes. Concentrations of glucose, urea, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of ovary fluids in different sized follicles and serum were measured. Results showed that serum glucose and urea was more than three follicular classes significantly; however, glucose concentration among three classes did not significantly different. As follicle gets larger, urea and triglyceride levels were reduced. Serums cholesterol concentration was significantly more than small and medium sized follicles but there was no significant difference between large follicle and serum among others. Generally, results showed that ovaries follicles size associate with changes in serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Identification of essential biochemical substances for follicle growth and development is promising to improve developing oocyte quality and finally reproduction.

This work was conducted to study the effect of probiotic, prebiotic and antibiotic on reducing colonization of C. perfringens, associated necrotic enteritis in broilers. In this experiment, 225 day-old male chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly distributed in 5 dietary groups of 3 replicates with 15 chicks/pen as follow: (i) negative control group; (ii) positive control group; (iii) probiotic primalac®; (iv) prebiotic fermacto®; (v) antibiotic virginiamycin®. On day 14, all birds were inoculated by 10 times the standard dose of coccidiosis vaccines except the negative control group. On 18, 19 and 20 days of age, the challenged birds were also gavaged by C. perfringens type A. The results of this study indicated significant reduction population of C. perfringens in the intestine of chickens due to the influence of dietary supplementation of prebiotic. Among the infected treatments, the highest OPG was observed in positive control group and prebiotic treatment had the lowest. Antibiotic treatment significantly reduced the population of lactic acid bacteria.

To study the effects of different levels of Silybum marianum seed on some egg characteristics, blood metabolites, plasma minerals and serum liver enzymes activity in laying hens. The experiment was done on Hy-line strain (w36) from 32 to 42 weeks of age using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments, 4 replicates and 4 hens in each replicate. The experimental diets were: 1- control diet, 2- basal diet +1% powder of Silybum marianum seed and 3- basal diet +2% powder of Silybum marianum seed. The results showed that the average egg weight in treatment having 2% Silybum marianum significantly increased (P<0.05). Albumen percentage significantly was increased in treatment receiving 2% Silybum marianum (P<0.05). Shell strength, yolk percentage and haugh unit was not significantly affected by treatments, however haugh unit improved in treatments receiving Silybum marianum. Blood and egg yolk cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, also blood metabolites such as albumin, globulin, protein, glucose, urea, creatinine, HDL, LDL, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and iron were not significantly affected by treatments. The activity of serum enzyme AST significantly was decreased using Silybum marianum (P<0.05). It is concluded that milk thistle or Silybum marianum has beneficial effects on egg quality and also decrease the level of liver enzymes activity in laying hens.

Lead poisoning is one of the most important metal toxicity in domestic animals. In cattle, at intake levels below those which are associated with clinical signs, there are metabolic changes accompanied with a decreased rate of growth. In this study, blood lead concentration of cattle has been measured in Ahvaz. Sampling was done on 100 cattles in the village of Great Jasanyeh, Sheiban Village, Albajy Village, Kampolow, Large Gambue village, Goldasht, Damghe village, Bohor village and the place of Veterinary Medicine School at the Shahid Chamran University between April to June 2012. The heparinized blood samples were stored in freezer (-20oC), and transferred to Qazvin Piraye Zist lab as soon as possible. The measuring of lead was done using atomic absorption with graphite furnace in this lab. The results were analyzed statistically with Mann-Vaitny and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that the value of mean ± SD of lead of blood is 39.93 ± 2.46 ppb. There were no significant re lationship between the lead values in blood with age, sex and breed. The level of blood lead in the animals receiving filtrated water was significantly more than those had access to unfiltrated water. Also, blood lead levels of cattle in the School of Veterinary Medicine were more than those located in other areas (With the exception of Kampolow). The results of this investigation show, the blood levels of lead in studied animals is in the acceptable range. Also, proximity to urban areas is more important factor for increasing blood lead levels than age, sex, breed, and drinking water sources.

Lead poisoning is one of the most important metal toxicity in domestic animals. In cattle, at intake levels below those which are associated with clinical signs, there are metabolic changes accompanied with a decreased rate of growth. In this study, blood lead concentration of cattle has been measured in Ahvaz. Sampling was done on 100 cattles in the village of Great Jasanyeh, Sheiban Village, Albajy Village, Kampolow, Large Gambue village, Goldasht, Damghe village, Bohor village and the place of Veterinary Medicine School at the Shahid Chamran University between April to June 2012. The heparinized blood samples were stored in freezer (-20oC), and transferred to Qazvin Piraye Zist lab as soon as possible. The measuring of lead was done using atomic absorption with graphite furnace in this lab. The results were analyzed statistically with Mann-Vaitny and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that the value of mean ± SD of lead of blood is 39.93 ± 2.46 ppb. There were no significant re lationship between the lead values in blood with age, sex and breed. The level of blood lead in the animals receiving filtrated water was significantly more than those had access to unfiltrated water. Also, blood lead levels of cattle in the School of Veterinary Medicine were more than those located in other areas (With the exception of Kampolow). The results of this investigation show, the blood levels of lead in studied animals is in the acceptable range. Also, proximity to urban areas is more important factor for increasing blood lead levels than age, sex, breed, and drinking water sources.

One of the most important features of nano drugs is higher surface ratio than volume compared to conventional drugs that helps to increase its solubility in blood. In the present study, the effects of nano magnesium oxide and magnesium oxide were studied and compared on electrocardiographic indices in dog. For this purpose, one group of dogs (5 cases) was as control and groups 2 and 3 received nano magnesium oxide at 5 and 10mg/kg, respectively and group 4 received magnesium oxide at 10mg/kg. Cardiac function including heart rate, heart rhythm and P-QRS-T waves were evaluated by electrocardiogram standard leads before and after 1, 3 and 24 hours of drug administration. The amount of magnesium, potassium, sodium and calcium were measured in serum at above noted. Electrocardiogram parameters such as cardiac axis, duration and amplitude of P wave, QRS complex duration, Q-T and P-R interval were not significantly changed. Nevertheless, T wave amplitude was significantly decreased in group 2, after 3 hours of drug administration (p<0.01). R wave amplitude was significantly increased in group 3, after 3 hours (p<0.05). Heart rate was significantly decreased in all trial groups, after 3 hours (p<0.05). Serum magnesium level was significantly increased in all trial groups after 1 hour (p<0.001). There were not any significant differences in the amount of serum potassium, sodium and calcium. So, usage of magnesium nano-oxide and magnesium oxide can induce some effects on cardiovascular system including heart rate and some of the electrocardiographic indices. The incidence of some cardiac arrhythmias by magnesium oxide is greater than nano magnesium oxide. In conclusion, it can be stated that the exit of nano particles with the smaller molecular size from the blood is occurred more quickly, and therefore its serum concentration is lower than normal form.

The aim of the present study was to compare the functionality of an invented cardboard nucleus with the other usable nuclei in beekeeping industry. In order to investigate the relation ship between the minimum number of nurse bees and its effect on the rate of fertility of mated honey bees queens in nuclei, the index value of survival rate during mating, the onset of oviposition and the number of reserved spermatozoa into the spermatica sac of queens were compared. For this purpose, during two respective years, in spring 2012 and 2013, based on complete random arrangement forms, the nest test, including cardboard nucleus, Hungarian pattern nucleus and Langstroth hive (each in two stages which these stages Contain ten times replication) were performed. The given data were analyzed with software SAS 9.1 static software. Following treatments no significant differences on the survival rate and successful mating of virgin honey bee queens was observed (P<0.05). It is recommended that the innovated nucleus should be used more in the tropical and temperate regions, because in such regions the colony of nurse bees which controls the temperature of the nucleus inside, can be economized.

Micro and macro-mineral concentrations in serum, milk and diet were investigated in 70 dairy cows, calved up to 4 calving and pregnant less than 7 months to determine the mineral status, their interrelationships and the main indices used in prediction of necessary minerals. Five ml of Jugular blood, 10 ml of milk and 25 gr from each alfalfa and concentrate were prepared and analysed for trace and macro elements in clinical pathology and food analysis laboratories. Mean serum Mn and Fe were low while others in serum, milk and diet were in normal range. With the exception of serum Fe, milk Mn and Cu, mean serum, milk and dietary elements were significantly different among herds. Various relationships were observed among elements with the greatest in serum Mo, Mn, Fe, P, milk Mn, Ca, Na and Ca, P in diet. Correlations among serum elements were greater than in milk and diet. The relationships among serum trace elements were higher than macro-minerals, whereas correlations among macro-minerals were higher in milk than in serum and diet. There were correlations between DMg/SFe, DMg/SP, DMg/MCu, DFe/MCa, DCu/MCu, DK/MMn. Dietary Mg and milk Cu showed the greatest correlations with others in diet and milk. The regression equations were found between serum Mn and Mo with serum Fe, Cu, Ca and P while not be seen in milk and dietary elements. In conclusion, serum Mn, Fe and Cu in Urmia cows were partially low whereas others not. Serum Mn, Mo, Ca and P are more reliable elements due to their relationships with minerals in serum. Serum Mn and Mo showed the equations with the minerals in serum, and are used as indices in prediction of the elements necessary in cows. To increase milk production and avoid any mineral deficiencies, supplementation of Mn and Fe are recommended in cows’ nutrition.

Cryptobiosis is an important parasitic disease in fish worldwide, especially in salmon and sea fishes. The disease causes by Cryptobia spp. In most cases, the parasite can pass through the intestine, and infect the internal organs, such as: liver, gall bladder and spleen, especially in Cichlid fishes. This rear report, presents the evidences about the occurrence of Cryptobiosis in an ornamental tilapia (Zebra tilapia). The fish that were referred to the teaching hospital, of Veterinary Medicine School at the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with the signs of a rare systemic disease, i.e.: anorexia, lethargy, abnormal swimming and darkening of body color. The main autopsy findings were pale liver and anemic gills. Histological examination revealed parasite infestation in the gill epithelium. Also, the large number of these flagellate parasites was found in the intestinal lumen as well as on the epithelium. Based on clinical signs, macroscopic and particularly histomorphological findings, the disease was diagnosed as systemic cryptobiosis.