مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال سیزدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 65، شهریور 1393)

These days, all the people are suffering from different degrees of stress and nervous pressure during their working thus exposing to these stresses can create job burnout. So, the current study was designed to study job burnout among personnel of medical diagnostic laboratories in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2013.

In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 106 persons were selected from medical laboratories staff by Random Stratified Sampling. Moreover, data collection was performed by Maslach Burnout Inventory standard (MBI). Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests.

The total score average of job burnout is 37.84±19.4. Moreover, scores average of burnout in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment were 18.42±6.77, 4.39±4.40 and 29.57±6.77, respectively. Furthermore, a significant relationship was revealed between job burnout with gender (p= 0.031), age (p= 0.017), work experience (p= 0.048), type of work (p= 0.044), and employment status. (p= 0.031)

Based on low score in the average of total job burnout, low level of depersonalization and personal accomplishment and also moderation in the emotional exhaustion, it seems that the current status of medical laboratories staff in Yazd is not desirable. Therefore, it is strongly suggested a regular series of strategies to manage and reduce job stress, staff's nervous pressure and burnout must be applied in all these laboratories.

It is obviously approved that Fibronectin and Laminin α-5 (LAMA5) expression will change, in some organs of fetuses that their mothers were smoking during pregnancy period. For example, the expression of mentioned proteins in newborns decreases in parenchyma of their lungs. In present study, we evaluated the effects of maternal nicotine exposure on LAMA5 expression change of the basal membrane in the distal convoluted and collecting tubules in Mice. The present experimental study was performed on 28 pregnant mice which were randomly divided into four groups (n=7). Pregnant mice in experimental day 1 group received 2 mg/kg nicotine from gestation day 7 (GD7) to last day of pregnancy and experimental day 14 group received the same amount of nicotine from GD7 to post natal day 14(GD14). Control groups 3 and 4 were injected with the same volume of normal saline parallel to experimental groups (Con). After the last injection, all the newborns (average 50 newborns in each group), were anesthetized in order to remove their kidneys and become prepared for Immunohistochemical method and real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of Laminin. Data were analyzed using non-parametric Man-Whitney U test and t-test. Our results show that LAMA5 mRNA expression in the kidneys of newborns treated with nicotine, Exp D1 increased about 2-fold in comparison with Control day 1 group, but decreased in Exp D14 (0.62±0.19) comparing to Control day 14 (0.95±0.14) (p=0.043). Lama5 Immunoreactivity in collecting tubules respectively increased and decreased in the Exp day1 and day 14 groups in comparison with Control groups (p=0.039). In the distal convoluted tubules, only a significant difference was found between the experimental day 1 group and Control day 1 group (p=0.041). Maternal nicotine exposure may induce abnormal Laminin expression as a main component of renal base membrane, which may cause defects in kidney function and structure during life time.

There is relation between the rate of loading and arthrosis. Genu varum results in osteoarthritis. Knowing the changes of the affected biomechanical variables during landing result in fundamental understanding to prevent arthrosis in people with genu varum deformity. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare the plantar flexor muscles activity with the rate of loading during single leg drop landing between men with genu varum deformity and normal knee from three heights.

40 healthy male students participated in this semi-experimental research. Subjects were 20 people with genu varum deformity and the rest half with normal knee. Genu varum deformity was measured by a caliper and goniometer. Subjects performed single-leg landing dropping from three different heights)20, 40 and 60 cm) onto a force platform. Landing movement was divided into two phases: 100 ms precontact and postcontact of foot onto the ground. Data analysis was performed using Mixed ANOVA.

It has been observed no significant difference during pre-landing between the activities of the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles (p> 0.05). Although, there was a significant difference between two groups in the rate of loading with the activity of the medial gastrocnemius muscle during post-landing (p<0.05) and eventually there was no significant difference between soleus muscle activity in post-landing (p>0.05).

The higher rate of injury and arthrosis risk in people with genu varum in respect of normal ones might be due to the rate of high loading inserted to the extremities during landing. To diminish these risks, corrective exercises and corrected biomechanical activity are recommended.

Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) that can be used to reduce fever and relieve pains. This study examined the effect of aspirin on morphometrical changes of intestinal villus length and epithelial thickness in rat embryos In this experimental study, thirty female pregnant rats were randomly divided into six equal groups. Control group without any intervention, sham group received 2 ml of distilled water, and all four experimental groups received 75, 100, 200, 300 mg /kg of aspirin from day 8 to 20 of gestation by gavage. On day 20 of gestation,the pregnant rats were killed and the fetuses removed. Fetal weight and crown-rump length of fetuses were measured and recorded. External feature of fetuses were examined. Small intestines of the fetuses were removed, then fixed and processed. Five micrometer thickness sections were prepared and stained with H&E staining. Villus length and thickness of the epithelium of the small intestine in different groups of embryos were measured. Obtained data were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparisons test. No obvious external abnormalities were observed in the experimental group. There were no significant differences in the mean Crown-Rump length of experimental groups received 75, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg when compared to control and sham groups. However, the mean fetal weight of 100 mg/kg of experimental group compared to control and sham groups was significantly increased (p=0.023 and p=0.024).In addition, histomorphometrical studies revealed a significant reduction in the mean length of villi (p=0.027 and p= 0.032) and the mean thickness of the epithelium of the small intestine in the 100 mg/kg of experimental group when compared with control and sham groups (p=0.003 and p= 0.001). It seems that consumption of aspirin during pregnancy reduces intestinal villus length and epithelium thickness in embryos.

Mental health is one of the important factors of health. The mental health of medical students is important as it relates to general health of people. The current study aimed to compare the mental health of first-year and last-year of nursing and midwifery faculty students. In this descriptive study all the students who had been enrolled in 2012- 2013 entered the study. The data were gathered using the standard SCL 90 questionnaire. Demographic information was also gathered. Considering the acquisition of 0-332 scores, the mental health was categorized as: no mental disorder (0-84), low mental disorder (85-168), medium mental disorder (169-253) and high mental disorder (254-332). In each dimension, the mean score of 0-1, 1.01-2, 2.01-3 and 3.01-4 respectively considered as no impairment, mild impairment, moderate, and severe.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, independent t test and chi-square test. Two hundred and fifty students participated in this study. The mean and standard deviation of the mental health of the students were 65.13±46.20; in first-year students 71.56±50.54 and in last-year students 50.41±29.65 (p=0.001). The most prevalent disorders were paranoid delusion, obsessive compulsive disorder and sensitivity in interrelationships. The relationship between the gender and mental health was significant (p=0.031). The female first-year students need more support compared to the male last-year onse to improve their mental health. New measures should be adopted to identify the effective factors in the mental health and ways of removing these disorders.

Today, various non-pharmacological methods are used for pain relief after heart surgeries. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of reciting “Allah” word on patient's analgesic requirement after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. This clinical trial was performed on 80 hospitalized patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Busheher Bentolhoda Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned into intervention (n= 40) and control (n= 40) groups. In intervention group, we asked patients to recite Hazrate Zahra’s praises which is “Allah” word repeated 100 times in it. Data was collected by analgesic requirement questionnaire in 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery in both groups, and analyzed by chi-square and independent t-test. None of patients in both groups received analgesic in 72 hours after surgery. It was significantly longer time for the first analgesics injection in intervention group in 24 and 48 hours after surgery (p<0.05). Frequency of analgesics use showed no significant difference between two groups in 24 and 48 hours after surgery (p>0.05), while the dose of received analgesics per each time was significantly lower in intervention group (p<0.05). Considering the side effects of pharmacological methods, it is suggested reciting the "Allah" word as a simple method accompanied by medical treatments in order to decrease the dosage and times needed analgesics after surgery.

Candida Albicans is one of the most common causes of vaginitis and an important cause of women’s visits to health centers. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Candida Albicans infection in women of Jiroft.

This cross- sectional study was carried out in 2010 on 350 women. After taking the patient's history, swabs of patient's vaginal discharges were prepared and moved to Nickerson's medium immediately. For diagnosing Candida Albicans, germ-tube tests and macroscopic and microscopic morphology were used. In the univariate analysis, Chi-Square test, and Fisher's exact test were used for qualitative variables and independent t-test and Mann-Whitney for quantitative ones. Then the logistic regression model was used to assess the adjusted effect of the variables.

The mean age was 32.33±8.12 years and the prevalence of Candida Albicans was 29.71%±0.05. Logistic regression's model revealed independent and significant association between individual's education (p<0.001), husband's education (p=0.035) and husband's occupation (p=0.012), and method of contraception (p<0.001) and candidiasis.

In this study, the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis based on positive culture of Candida, was high and higher in the group of women with certain risk factors. Knowing these risk factors may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.