فصلنامه اندازه گیری تربیتی
پیاپی 17 (پاییز 1393)

Present research studies performed thesis about academic failure between academic years 1990-2012 in Tehran Universities. Within related projects, 55 projects which had information necessary for analysis were selected as final sample. CMA-2 software was used for calculating Coefficients. Results of Q test showed that primary studies are not homogenous and studying Nfs showed that there isn’t protection of distribution within studies. Dual and Toidi correction test was performed for both constant and random models. Measure of total effect for all studies under both constant and random models, was gained statistically meaningful. Also, measures of effect in separation of distribution year, sampling method, sex of sample, education program, research method and factors affected on educational slump were gained statistically meaningful. Average of effect measures was 0.312 and educational factor, with effect measure higher than average, showed the most effect on educational slump. The results showed that variables of education, socioeconomic, individual factor, family factor and sex factor had the most effect on educational slump respectively. Also, studying hypotheses showed that there is meaningful difference between effect measures of educational slump according to year of research, sampling method, sex, education program, meaningful level, factors being effective on educational slump and research method.

Many studies investigated Transformational Leadership (TL). Idealized Influence (II) is one of TL dimensions with relying it the followers respect leaders and trust him/her. This may cause instilling pride and attribute them. The purpose of this study was assessing II of principals in educational complexes in Saleh-abad city in 2011-12 academic year. Method of the research was survey. Statistic society was 541 teachers of primary and junior secondary schools. The sample was 226 people selected by a proportional sampling. For assessing II a researcher-made scale was developed, and its validity was approved by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated the correlation II a researcher-made scale and II scale of Athari 0/88 (p < 0/05), and their relationship was significant in 0/001 level. Exploratory factor analysis divided II in four components of role modeling, insight and perspective, respect, and ethical values. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis showed that, measures of indicators, GFI: 0/68, NNFI: 0/98, CFI: 0/98, AGFI: 0/64, NFI: 0/97, RMSEA: 0/09, are achieved. Chronbach Alpha confirmed the reliability of the scale for 0/97. The results indicated that the Mean of principals II was higher than the proposed average and the II of principals was in a desirable level. Measures of t-test showed that the difference between the mean and the proposed average was significant in 0/001 level.

The development of a reliable and valid instrument measuring the construct of patience is necessary. The aim of the present study was to develop the Patience Scale and to examine the psychometric properties of it. The Patience Scale consists of 25 items which were designed on the basis of the Qur’an components of patience. In order to examine the psychometric properties of the Patience Scale, 516 university students from Shiraz University were recruited using random cluster sampling method. These participants filled the Patience Scale. The results of the factor analysis yielded 5- factor structure. The factors were named Transcendence, Patience, Consent, Persistence and Delay. Five factors explained 52% of the variance. In order to yield the reliability of the instrument, Chronbach alpha coefficient and internal consistency were utilized. The total Chronbach alpha coefficient was calculated 0.86 and the Chronbach alpha coefficients of the subscales ranged from 0.60 to 0.84. Taken together, the Patience Scale has good psychometric properties.

Action control is one of the self-regulation processes which allow people to form their goals, persevere, execute and convert these goals into objective actions. It is a kind of psychological mechanism that led people commit to a set of actions against other actions. Action control is one of the self-regulation processes which considerably affect family variables, academic, life skills, and psychological health. The present study was aimed to investigate psychometric properties of Action Control Scale in Iranian community. The Persian version of Action Control Scale was performed on 422 undergraduate students of Shiraz University. Internal consistency was calculated so as to examine the reliability of the measure; the validity of the scale was also investigated employing the factor analysis and convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated the acceptable reliability of Action Control Scale. Factor analysis also indicated the involvement of 3 factors, namely Disengagement/ Preoccupation, Initiative/ Hesitation, and Persistency/ Volatility, in the aforementioned scale which altogether explain 35/93% of total variance. Action Control Scale is of acceptable reliability and validity and hence is an appropriate method for assessment of action control in the Iranian culture.

Implicit theory of intelligence is one of the newest sociocognitive strategies proposed in scholastic motivation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the 14-item implicit theory of intelligence scale (IT IS-14) (Abd-El-Fattah & Yates, 2006) in the Iranian student society. This instrument is used to measure the incremental and entity theories. The sample in this study includes 350 B.A. students in Ahvaz Islamic Azad University and Masjed Soleiman Islamic Azad University. The data analysis was carried out through the use of suitable statistic procedures. The Cronbach Alpha coefficients for the micro scale of incremental theory and micro scale of entity theory were calculated as 0.82 and 0.74 respectively. To estimate the criterion validity, Dupeyrat and Marine’s scale of implicit theories of intelligence were used, and the correlation coefficients for the micro scales of incremental theory and entity theory were calculated at two scales which were significant at the level of 0.001. To calculate the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied. The results indicated that the structure of implicit theories of intelligence scale was fit with the data and confirmed all fitness indexes. Given the calculated psychometric indexes, researchers can apply this scale applied to investigate implicit theories of intelligence (beliefs about intelligence) in the student society.

One of the most common researches of individual differences in psychology, is self- esteem. In recent years, as a result of "dual process model" that emphasizes the importance of reflective processes and automated processes, cognitive psychology studies focused on the two types of self-esteem: explicit self-esteem (ESE) and Implicit Self-Esteem (ISE). The purpose of the present study was evaluation the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) properties of Name Initial Preferences Task (IPT) in Iranian society and its adaptation with the Persian language alphabet.Methodes: A descriptive correlational research was carried out on 420 subjects (239 male, 181 female) university undergraduates with stratified random sampling. In study 1, the reliability of IPT with using Cronbach's alpha and split-half and test-retest within 14 days of the 280 samples obtained. in study 2, to determine the validity of IPT, along with IPT, The scales of RSES, PANAS, and GHQ was conducted on 140 subjects. Correlation between IPT in test-retest 84/0 and alpha coefficient and split-half, respectively, 87/0 and 89/0. Also IPT scores significantly correlated with GHQ (56/0), PA (44/0), RSES (30/0) and NA (36/0-) indicate convergent and divergent validity of the scale. Counclusion: The overall results showed that the reliability and validity of IPT is Competente for Implicit self-esteem in the Iranian society. The suitability of psychometric characteristics of this scale, it can be useful measure for evaluating the Implicit self- esteem of iranian in non-clinical populations. Similarity of this results with researches of foreign languages ​​suggests that the suitability of the Persian language in the scale. Keywords Name Initial Preferences Task (IPT); explicit self-esteem; implicit self-esteem; Reliability; Validity

The new learning theories to classroom assessment as an important element not only in the teaching process and learning process is also studied. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between classroom assessment techniques (formative and summative) and preference assessment.

The Description of lifestyle based on Islamic beliefs is one of the most important needs of Islamic society. Therefore this research has been conducted to investigate the validation the Islamic lifestyle questionnaire for couples (ILSQ). The method of this research is based on combination type and consists of two stages. The first stage is qualitative method for making essential tools. For this purpose, in addition to interview with experts in the field of family sciences and Islamic sciences; extensive library studies was performed and theoretical model of Islamic lifestyle for couples was developed and the questionnaire was made. In the second stage of this research, validity and reliability of this tool was examined by a connotative method. So 150 student’s parents of Isfahan university students was selected by cluster sampling, And they complete the researcher build questionnaire (ILSQ) and short form of spanier couple adjustment questionnaire. The data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical method in SPSS and Amos software.The findings showed that lifestyle questionnaire contains 84 questions and eight dimensions: structural, spiritual, behavioral, emotional, cognitive, sexual, relationships with families and healthcare. Calculating the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, was shown that the (ILSQ)has high reliability and validity. Thus, it can be used in researches and evaluations. Keywords Lifestyle; Couple; Questionnaire; Reliability; Validity

The aim of the present research was the meta-analysis of the studies that investigate the link between job stress and organizational variables in Iranian research studies. Data collected from 78 studies conducted from 1993-2013 and was analyzed then the effect sizes of the relationship between stress job and organizational variables were computed. Findings revealed that the combined effect size for fixed model was 0.16 and for random model was 0.17, which both were small effect sizes (J. Cohen, 1997). Further meta-analysis showed that the interpersonal conflict, work-family conflict, organizational effectiveness variables had significant large positive effects size on job stress. We checked for Publication bias and heterogeneity of effects. the results showed no bias but due to heterogeneity of effects, demographic and methodological variables were examined. Findings revealed that sampling, kind of job, kind of studies and Measuring tools could moderate the relationship between job stress and organizational variables as the moderator effects. The overall results suggested that Organizational variables that lead to feelings of loss of control or social support or self-efficacy have a stronger relationship with job stress. This suggests that further investigation is needed.