نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال نوزدهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 93، دی 1393)

Iron deficiency is one of the major public health problems imposing significant effect on the body and mind which has negative impacts on humans’ capability of. Increasing demand of the body, inadequate intake and decrease of absorbency are the major causes of anemia among teenage girls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary iron folic acid supplementation and dietary iron intake in high school girls. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on sixty female high school students at grade one and three in Yasuj, Iran. Biochemical markers of iron status were measured beforehand and afterwards of folic acid supplementation for 16 weeks. Food consumption patterns and iron intake were determined by frequency questionnaires. Data were analyzed using chisquare test, t-test by means of N4 analysis software. Anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in grade one were 9.7%, 32.3% and 9.9% respectively, in addition to in grade three were 19.4%, 41.9% and 3.2% respectively. After iron folic acid supplementation, these indicators were 9.7%, 16.1% and 3.3% in grade one and in grade three were 9.7%, 22.6%, 0.0% respectively. Overall, it appeared that weekly iron folic acid supplementation in duration of 16 weeks per year, with dietary modification, could improve the indices of blood in high school girls.

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urinary tract worldwide and the third most common cancer among Iranian males. Despite the relative high incidence of bladder cancer in Iran, no study has examined the relationship between dietary factors and bladder cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate this relationship. The present case-control study was carried out on fifty-five patients with bladder cancer and including 110 cancer-free patients as controls. Dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. To investigate the relationship between food items and bladder cancer, the subjects were classified according to the tertile of food items. The odds ratio was calculated for each tertile and the first tertile was considered as the reference group. Our findings revealed that among food groups, animal fat (OR=19.76), fat (OR 12.92), junk foods (OR=8.1), organ meat (OR=5.47), processed meat (OR=5.34) and sweets (OR=3.62) were involved in the development of bladder cancer. In bladder carcinogenesis, an inverse association was recorded between consumption of low fat dairy products (OR=0.31), yoghurt (OR =0.14), fish (OR = 0.13), specific fruits (OR=0.13) and the development of bladder cancer. Animal products and sources of saturated fat are associated with an increased in risk of bladder cancer. The protective effect of olive oil, specific fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy fermented was observed to reduce the risk of bladder cancer.

Anxiety disorders are a major problem for humanity. Research continues to find effective drugs with lower side effects. Thyme is one of the medicinal plants that may have many therapeutic effects including anti-anxiety effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss) on anxiety. In the present experimental study, forty male adult Wistar rats with an average weight of 180-220 gr were randomly divided into five groups, including a control group, group treated with diazepam and three treated groups which received diet containing thyme for periods of two, three and four weeks respectively. To measure the Anxiety Standard Model of Anxiety (EZM) was used. After completion of behavioral testing, the serum cortisol concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The results indicated that the diet containing 10% thyme had significantly increased the presence of the animal in the open arms of maze compared to the control group (P <0.01) and also a decrease was observed in the assessment of cortisol hormone compared to the control group(p <0.05). The findings of this study showed that diet containing thyme was effective in reducing anxiety reactions in rats.

The analgesic effects of Clove plant is due to the presence of phenolic substances. Since no study has yet evaluated the analgesic effect of this plant extract during lactation, hencethe present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of clove oil orally on offspringmalemiceduringlactation. Inthe present experimental study, two groupsoffemalemice, receiving cloveoil and control groupwere used. After delivery, animalsweretreatedorallywith cloveextract at the dose of 4% on the first day of delivery. In order toassess pain,formalin was used inmaleoffspringafterthirty daysofbirth. Data were analyzed using GraphPad prismstatistical software. The results of this study showed that treating lactating female mice during lactation by clove oil induced analgesic effects of male offspring and this analgesia in the chronic phase of itself was shown significantly (P<0.01). Analgesic effectinduced byfeedingratswithcloveextractinmalemice possibly will be favorable inclinical usein the near future.

The decrease of serum glucose level and lipids in diabetic patients is clinically significant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Commiphora mukul extract on blood sugar and lipid profile in diabetic rats. In the present experimental study, thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, control treated with the extract, diabetic and diabetic treated with the extract. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. In an eight week period, the control group of normal saline and the control group and diabetic recipient extract of CM oleo gum blue resin was given by gavage. Treatment resumed eight weeks with onset of hyperglycemia. The control and diabetic control groups received normal saline orally. Extract treated control and extract treated diabetic groups received extract of Commiphora mukul gum (300 mg/kg P.O.) daily by gavage. At the end of this period, blood samples were collected from each rat and biochemical tests for investigation of glucose level and lipid profile was performed. One- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test and Post-hoc test Tukey’s were used for data analysis The study indicated that diabetes increases the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL. Administration of Commiphora mukul gum extract in diabetic groups significantly decreased the serum level of glucose, cholesterol(p<0.01) and triglyceride and LDL(p<0.001) and increased HDL(p<0.01). Commiphora mukul gum extract may well improve undesirable effects of diabetes on serum level of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL.

Currently, the use of antifungal azole group and yeasts resistant to these drugs is increasing. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the yeasts obtained from candidiasis patients and furthermore determining thier antifungal resistance. In the present descriptive study, infections samples were collected from 256 patients with suspected nosocomial candidiasis, then direct exam and culture were performed. Yeast colonies were identified using phenotypic methods, polymerase chain reaction method and enzyme digestion. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistical tests. Of sixty isolated yeast, thirty-seven cases of Candida albicans (61.6%), seven cases of C. krusei and C. glabrata (11.6%) each, five cases of C. dubliniensis (8.3%) and four cases of C. tropicalis (6.6%) were indicated. The study showed that the sensitivity of C. albicans and C. cruise species to amphotericin B was negligible in disk diffusion and very sensitve in microdilution. Inspite of the results of antifungal susceptibility test of strains studied did not show high resistance, but screening for drug-resistant Candida isolates in Candida infection by disk diffusion and microdilution methods for new cases of drug resistance is reasonable.

Sinapic acid is a phenylpropanoid compound and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and is obtained from various sources such as rye, fruits and vegetables. This study concerned effects of sinapic acid on memory retention of passive avoidance learning in adult male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 64 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 8 groups. Control animals were intact. Sham group received vehicle of sinapic acid (Tween 80, 10%). The experimental rats administrated with sinapic acid at doses 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/rat; respectively. Sinapic acid and Tween 80 were injected intracerebroventricular and post training. Twenty-four hours after training, memory retention was evaluated with passive avoidance learning. The step through latency and time in dark compartment was measured. The data were expressed as mean values ± SEM and tested, using analysis of one-way ANOVA test. Our results showed that post-training administration of sinapic acid at doses 0.05, 0.1, 1, 10 and 10 μg/rat increased significantly the time of step-through latency and decreased significantly the time of dark compartment as compared to sham group (p<0.05). Sinapic acid potentiated significantly memory retention process.

Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays an important role in inhibition of T cell activation and resulting in prevention of autoimmune disorder such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between AG 49's polymorphisms in exon 1with systemic lupus erythematosus. The present case-control study was conducted on 180 patients and 304 healthy controls who were matched in age and ethnicity to the similar individual patient. After DNA extraction from blood samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies of 49AG polymorphism of CTLA-4 gene. The collected Data was analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. The results indicated that AA genotype was found in 67.2% of patients. A significant difference was seen compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). While the AG genotype with a frequency of 49.7% in healthy subjects compared with patients frequency of 27.8% and G allele with a frequency of 9.2% in healthy subjects and 5% in patients were significantly more common (p = 0.0001). Although the A allele in 81.1 % of patients and in 66% of control group were seen but no significant difference observed. The results showed that the AG 49 polymorphism played an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

The effectiveness of the Transtheoretical model for changing nutritional behavior has been questioned by some studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and decisional equilibrium and transfer among the stages of behavior change of a calorie balance intake among obese women inYasuj, Iran. The data of the present descriptive analytical study were baseline data of 447 obese or overweight who were selected using the random cluster method. Based on the Transtheoretical model, individuals pass stages of change, which are precontemplation, contemplation, preparedness, action and maintenance. Two other main constructs which affect the stages of behavior change are self-efficacy and decisional balance. Demographic and anthropometric variables and stages of change, self-efficacy, decisional equilibrium pros and cons related to calorie balance intake were measured using valid and reliable questionnaires. The participants average age was 33.49 years. Neither demographic nor anthropometric variables changes were significant among the stages of behavior change except literacy level before high school (P=.047,OR=.502, %95 CI=.255 ~. 990). A significant change was observed in self-efficacy (F(4.425)= 27.09, P=. 000),decisional equilibrium (F(4.394), P=. 004), and pros (F(4.430)=5.33, P=000), while no significant change was observed among cons (F 4.400)=1.83, P=.123). The findings confirmed the specific model of self-efficacy, decisional equilibrium and pros which predict that the obese women transfer between the five stages of calorie balance intake.