پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ
پیاپی 13 (زمستان 1392)

Sistan and Baluchestan as a vast and strategic province is located in the south of Iran and north of Oman Sea and east of Afghanistan and Pakistan and historically has been one of the most ancient and fruitful manifestations of Iranian cultures. (Rovlinson,1999; 34) and remained ever sustained for a period of more than ten thousand years and the splendid works of Iranian culture with different forms are manifested in this province. (Afshar Sistani, 2002, 17).Sistan and Baluchestan is considered as the realm of the legends and epics, center of urbanization communities, a link bridge between Eastern Asia with India and China and a corridor used by commercial caravans (Kheirabadi, 1997; 97).Given dominance over Indian Ocean and Oman Sea as well as its own special physical position, southeastern of Iran enjoys a strategic value. This region is placed at the beginning of land roads which is the point intersection of superpowers and then has historically achieved a special political and military position for its town. (Afshar Sistan, 2002; 44).Insecurities origin existed in East of Iran, is a combination of political, economical, cultural, military, social concerns and for the purpose of confronting them, consideration of combination of solutions and methods is must. We can point to the coexistence of economic interests ordinary people of this area and insurgence and insecurity. The responsible bodies shall organize this link against current stream within an organized planning.Mental and cultural damages, tendency toward taking narcotic substances and the risks associated to it, has threatened not only the Islamic Republic of Iran, but also world communities. However, having enjoyed the national costs and expenditures, Iran has solely assumed the responsibility to challenge with the world threat.In order to challenge with smuggling and insecure frontiers, it is necessary that a global will to be formed and the associated costs and expenditure are paid by all of the countries.

Great Iranian Empire was a vast territory that now each of them has become an independent state. Due to its special geographical position has always been the land of Kharazm was attacked by aliens. Since awareness from history of cultural identity and social changes seems necessary the starting point, the aim of the present study, understanding and remembering the corner from the date of Kharazm and civilization is one of the Greater Khorasan territories (Except the territorial of Iran the great Aryan race or country of origin where it is located). This research is based on descriptive method - analytical study and a Library and Archives. In this context articles, books, research and design of internal and external documents related to the subject toward achieving the goal the research was used. The findings indicated Kharazm only due to the large rivers and lakes, fertile soil, and water are not known and it is great, but the land of the Aryans have mentioned it as the origin, Due to the efforts and suffering, thousands of years of civilization, Iranian filmmakers and the teachings of their leaders, had been transformed into a paradise on earth. Of these North Heaven of the Holy Land’s greatest heroes, scholars, Soufian and Iran and the world have come, therefore, to recognize the greatness of the Iranian nation and the science of heart and effort, and thrived for thousands of years Iranian were, Should be archeological research and the remaining works of that period are now mostly buried, we draw their attention.

The western always keep a close eye on eastern civilization through out the history. Toward doing a survey and getting to an understanding of their knowledge, customs and conventions a new field of study was created-orientalistic-. Unfortunately its principles have been emphasized on discrimination and segregation of eastern and western and eastern –assuming the supremacy and dominancy of the western out look-.Looking down on eastern civilization did not last long as recent archeological and fair scientific findings revealed values of the eastern out-look made the western to respect it.The dawn of eastern civilization was much sooner than the western one. The oldest city of the ancient world in Mesopotamia in Iraq, Jiroft in Iran and Mohenjoudarou in India were of incredible civilization.Formation of big empires in Iran, China and India were concomitant to stating of city dwelling in other parts of the world, so it would be looking into ourselves from western out-look put us to shame.In this essay I am to do a survey on racial and geographical distribution of eastern nations making a historical comparison with what has been mentioned in Shahnameh and then we do a survey on these nations’ customs, conventions and mythology. It goes without saying that this essay can not account for a full discussion of so I ignored the civilizations and nations not mentioned very often in Shahnameh.

Ventured into the twenty-first century called the century of unpredictable developments, The developments has led to many crisis in the world, Iran’s geopolitical position in the center and the centrality of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Indian Ocean, Central Asia, Caucasus and Middle East energy strategy to dominate the center of the oval, plays The foundation Drastratzhy geopolitical and national security of Iran. Geopolitical areas of North, South, East and West of the country and its importance in establishing and maintaining the security of Iran are clear to everyone. Understanding the functions of these areas and can have an important role in national and international security. This paper has been using the library, the functions and the geopolitical importance of Iran and its national and internation, need for accurate identification of the areas causing (Eastern regions of Iran) Been noted. Guidelines on the management of this crisis are addressed.

Iranian gardens, as one manifestation of the art, talent and knowledge of the people, have always been at the core of attention. In the broad land of Iran, there are valuable gardens that have extended the development of Iranian garden-making to other Islamic lands. One sample of Iranian gardens representing the garden-making art can be seen in the historical city of Birjand. The emergence and development of these gardens go back to Safavid period. When Alam family took power, the power transferred gradually from Ghohistan to Birjand. Studying the political history of Qajar and local governors show that historical gardens in Birjand were constructed in Shokat-al Molk II coinciding with Mozaffar Al-din Shah Reign. This thesis tried to study the evolutional formation of Persian and Birjand Historical gardens. Also, it was tried to analyze the architecture of the Gardens. This research carried out on the base of Fundamental studies and according to Historical Approach. Also, methods of gathering data have been documentary and field methods. Studying the structure of gardens in Birjand show that in this region, gardens have some unique characteristics. These characteristics are as follows: Absence of water in main axis; presenting of Pine and Cypress trees in two sides with Functional and main axis; forming of main Palace toward East-West along to Northern and southern edges (such as Rahim Abad &Akbariyeh, Shoukat Abad and Behelghard); connecting to rural contexts; unique brick work techniques and arcograph. Finally, this research tried to compare these gardens with others gardens to explain the Islamic architecture in Birjand City.

In the Qajar period, due to the attacks on Iran especially on Khorasan province by Turkmen, many of the cities and oases extending from this region to those as far as the easth southem parts of the Caspian sea were living in insecure conditions. These tribes captivated people and looted their properties. Meanwhile, the people who were going or coming back from pilgrimages were attacked by Turkmen and they were captivated after their properties were looted and if they were old they were killed’ otherwise, they were taken to slavery bazaars in Bokhara, khiva and Merv and were sold there. They could get free in case they were rich. after getting aware of this news especially if there was an important person among the slaves. Qajar dynasty gave commands to local rulers to free them and in some casesit sent ambassodars. in spite of all the efforts of the dynasty to avoid the attacks, this process went onto the end of Qajar dynasty, Because the efforts were defensive rather than preventative.