فصلنامه مطالعات بین المللی پلیس
پیاپی 19 (پاییز 1393)

Context and Money laundry is one of international criminal cases which are very threatening to the security of international community. The international response to this phenomenon and the collection of global mechanisms to counter it, date back to last decades. the study has been conducted in descriptive – analytical and library method Material sources of the activities of criminal groups which are the focal point of money laundry, leave innumerable negative effects which include political, social and economical of international community. Eliminating these effects require the response international law. In recent decades, laundering the incomes obtained by drug trafficking, psychoactive drugs have been taken into consideration of international community and global will to collect international conventions in this regard. Global will has been formed by the collection of Wien, Palermo, Merida and... in the context of money laundry and have pave paved for international cooperation.

Context and the non-humanistic phenomenon refers to “assassinating nuclear experts” as organized terrorist criminal actions which is aimed at killing nuclear intellectuals, scientists and stop and slow down the development and expansion. the study has been conducted in descriptive – analytical method using library sources. the nature of these actions is such that on one hand the factors, motives of the commitment of other criminal actions are different and on the other hand are taken with complicated and minute plans using advanced tools and amours. Thus the prevention of these crimes cannot be subject to logics and adoptive general ways in return for crimes and organized and arranged in compatibility with preventive mechanisms. Considering the special nature of the most effective and best ways to counter and prevent such terrorist crimes, using preventive and position-based mechanisms. Considering the effects on the process of the prevention of crimes commitment preventive mechanisms are divided into 5 categories based on 1. Cost increase 2. Danger increase 3. The decrease of interests 4. The decrease of stimuli 5. The elimination of justifiers which deal with the mechanisms based on the increase of the cost of nuclear scientists Considering the special features of every position, the prevention of scientist is performed by posing the matters related to the recognition of dangerous opportunities and situations and the use of the mechanisms to make difficult crime target, controlling the access to crime target and filtering the exits

Context and basically, societies have norms and values which are compiled in the form of a collection called “topical law” and naturally these values are known as crimes and the perpetrator of the crimes is punishable because if the breach of the act. Based on a simple reflection, each action violating these values should be punished only once. This reflection is explained in the form of banning trial and repeated punishment. This rule as a basic right of the accused seeks to prevent trial and punishment of someone for repeated commitment of a crime. the study has an applied objective. Its materials have been written in library method using target language (Arabic), compiled and translated books and article, internet sites, codified rules and jurisprudence books. Criminal law review suggests that the rule banning repeated punishment (regarding previous punishments) has been full of ups and downs in different periods and one approach is not used for this rule. Iran’s legislator has not recognized this rule before revolution. But in afterrevolution law, we have seen that this evident principle has been omitted out of Iran’s law and has been revived in 1392. as regards the revolution of Iran’s criminal codes covering the rule banning the repeated punishment, after the revolution of omitted rules, there came the dought that legislator’s action to omit this rule along the process of Islamicization of these rules is consistent with religious edicts. But concerning the revival of this rule criminal punishment rule 1392 showed that omitting this rule out of previous rules have resulted from indifference to religious valid sources as this rule has been explicitly mentioned in some of the sources.

Context and

Knowing common methods of identifying the victims of human trafficking and contacting them, investigating the physical features of victims, methods for investigating the crime scene, and the ways to contact the victims are issues that are under study in this article. In this respect, the characteristics of the officers dealing with these cases are also discussed.

This research is document-based and library sources have been used.

What is emphasized and concluded at the end of this research is the characteristics of investigation officers with regard to dealing with the victims of human trafficking and introducing types of victims and their physical and living features. With the performed investigations, the identification of criminals and victims of human trafficking is a professional issue and investigation officers of cases in human trafficking must have the mentioned characteristics.

Context and The definition of the crime of aggression in the Statute of the International Criminal Court is a milestone in establishing Criminal liability for the aggressors. The first time, to exercise jurisdiction over the crime aggression, in the revision of the Statute of the ICC, the act of aggression and crimes of aggression were separated. The prosecution for trial political and military leaders of a State, subject to the occurrence of the act was in violation of international peace. This study was performed through the use of documents and library resources and cross-sectional analysis. In According to the paragraph A of Article 25 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, the Court may exercise jurisdiction over the crimes of individuals. Therefore, Criminal liabilities of aggression were placed, on the military and political leaders (individuals). Participants in the management of a aggression, which are effective in the management of the country›s political and military, are on trial and prosecutable for the crime of aggression. The main penalty which Predicted in statute of ICC, is imprisonment. However fines and confiscation of property can be applied as supplementary punishment in addition to imprisonment, to be offender of the aggression.

Context and The survey of international criminal justice system says that power must be accompanied by responsibility. Regarding this process, the conference for revision of international criminal court system was held according to article 121 and separate from the annual summit of the assembly of member nations with the aim to expand the power of international law through giving more authorities to the court from May 31 to June 11, 2010, in Kampala, Uganda. This research is descriptive-analytic and has used library sources and international documents. In this conference, two groups of issues are dealt with. The first group includes the issues related to the contents of Rome constitution which includes correction of article 8 of Rome statute, possibility of deletion of article 124 of the constitution, and the definition of aggression and specifying the terms to exert authority of the court on that crime. The second group, i.e. the assessment of international criminal court achievements, includes issues such as complementary authority, the direct impact of Rome statute on victims and damaged societies, peace, justice, and cooperation. The conference for revision of the court’s constitution finished its work by issuing 6 resolutions and 2 manifests, which through defining the crime of aggression, specifying the terms to exert authority of the court on it, and facilitating the inclusion of internal armed aggressions in article 8, has expanded the active and potential power of international law and, also, by restating article 126 of the constitution, attempts to encourage non-member nations to join the constitution and consolidate it.

Pharmaceutical crime poses a grave danger to public health. Falsified medicines undermine people’s faith in the health care system, and threatening the lives of the most vulnerable members of society: sick and frail. Driven to gain major profits, criminals are usually required to poses a high degree of sophisticated and organization. However pharmaceutical crime is generally not understood to be as more established crime activities like drug trafficking and human smuggling. That’s why, Interpol’s Medical Product Counterfeiting and Pharmaceutical Crime (MPCPC) sub- directorate has undertaken this analysis so that, to determine the extent to which organized group are currently active in the realm of pharmaceutical crime.