نشریه بصیرت و تربیت اسلامی
پیاپی 19 (تابستان 1390)

Quran-based training is the most genuine and securest program for full-fledged growth of human beings, and inborn powers and divine intimacy do not grow and materialize without that. Some principles and regulations are determined in this Holy Book for reaching elevated life, through which proper ground and conditions are provided to acquire divine perfectness. The reason behind this effectiveness should be sought in line with Quran teachings with human being’s divine nature. The present article aims at reviewing some principles and methods of Quran training. Reviewing some verses of the Holy Quran and some parts of Nahj-Ul-Balagheh, one may reach some principles which can be effective for all those who are interested in training human beings properly and genuinely. In compliance with the ultimate aim of training in Quran which is slavery,“coordination of training with nature, generosity, paying attention to individual differences in accompany with training methods” are the most important principles and methods which are reviewed.

Human growth and development, society development and training human beings who believe in God are among the troubles of the government’s programmers and officials. Governments have developed and implemented some very precise economic programs to reach their ambitions so that they could make progress in all aspects, and reach sustainable development in terms of culture, economy and training. Human being and human resources have a twofold importance along the development and growth route, and it is considered as the target and tool for development. Paying attention to economy and implementation of economic programs does not guarantee human growth and development in all aspects; therefore we must pay attention to human beings’ spirit and, because human beings are bi-dimensional creatures. On the other hand, religion and spirituality has been major and comprehensive feature of human life all over the history and in all human cultures. In this regard, Islam has paid full and precise attention to all human aspects and dimensions. Moral and knowledge based instructions stipulated in Quran, Nahj-Ul-Balaghe and sayings clarify the point that there are some clear indices and criteria for human growth and development. Of course‚ these indices are not mere secular indices; however‚ while taking into consideration the physical dimension, offers some very important instructions for spiritual growth of the divine aspect. The present article aims at explaining development concepts over the time, and tries to explain the deficiencies and weaknesses of the vision while reviewing development concepts from secular viewpoint, so that it could finally offer some indices and constituents for establishing spiritual growth among human beings in compliance with value based system so that it completes human development index which has a single aspect view about human beings. On this basis, the following indices are: God’s memory and slavery, ratiocination and wisdom, piety and chastity, devotion, patience, moderation and justice, asceticism culture, keeping away from secularism.

So far, various things have been written on training issues, which review the issues through offering recommendations, approaches, conditions and training grounds raising questions like: “what should be done?”, “How should we train?”; however, those instructors active in the field of training have not composed any articles dealing with “things that should not be done”, “impediments”, “blights” and “relevant damages”. The present piece of writing covers the harmful impacts of training methods in the framework of seven sections: religion-based training pathology, habit–based training pathology, imposed training pathology, independence-based training pathology, learning pathology in training, verbal training pathology and leisure time pathology.

Many nastiness and problems in social relationships, especially among juvenile and youngsters are indication of the failure of the training system in cultivating skills such as self-consciousness, altruism and concordance, camaraderie and synergism and its inefficiency to be accountable to spiritual and moral needs of trainees. Islam proposes a comprehensive plan for all aspects of mankind’s life, which is in full compliance with his inborn tendencies and his inner structure. Its main target in all the training programs, even in improving social relationship, is cultivating and materializing his inborn capacities and materializing his existential perfection. The present article is aiming at answering the very important question dealing with Trans-moral: “Why should I be seeking others improvement, and why should I unilaterally be at others disposal?”This is materialized through explaining desirable social relationship on the basis of divine self-assessment. The approach introduces the trainee to him as he is and as he is supposed to be at the end of the evolving trend; meanwhile, it reminds him of the fact that while he is passing through evolution process to reach an elevated level, he should guide other human beings, as well. The more he makes effort to make others become perfect, the more he himself becomes perfect, and this leads to his own growth; nevertheless its impact leads to another type of growth as well. Such a vision, on the one hand, leads to some sort of development on the part of the instructors and leads to a gradual process: changing from selfishness to self-cultivation; and on the other, leads the society environment toward an environment over flown by righteousness, benevolence, generosity and mutual social support, and paves the road for a training-oriented society.

The present research aims at identifying proper ways to reinforce veil culture as an Islamic and Iranian value, and prioritizing it based on girl students in high schools. The research is of descriptive and survey type. N=5500 girl students of Qom high schools. The sample is comprised of 300 students selected through simple random stratified sampling. The tool used for gathering information is a self made questionnaire whose validity approved by the relevant experts, and descriptive statistical methods used for analyzing the information. The results indicated that: firstly, the mean score for all the selected approaches was beyond the average level and expectation; secondly, the most practical approaches for reinforcing veil based on priority are as follows: 1- sending attractive radio-television programs on air, 2-explaining the harmful impact of not observing veil principles in the society, 3-introducing and fostering verses from the Holy Quran dealing with Islamic cover, 4-removing the rigid regulations through which those students who did not observe veil principles were treated, 5-Explaining the impact and advantages of observing veil regulations in accompany with appreciating those who observe veil principles properly, 6-Fostering culture of encouraging individuals to display good deeds and avoiding getting involved in improper actions, and holding Q & A sessions in schools, 7-introducing successful human patterns in terms of observing veil.

Difficulties and adversity are chief among the issues which involves human being’s mind and makes him doubt about origin and resurrection over his period of life so that he initially assumes that the difficulties are not in compliance with divine wisdom. Therefore, human being questions his creator and gets to believe that these difficulties do not lead to evolution of human being; but attenuates his existing power in practice and prevents him from evolution. The present piece of writing aims at solving human being’s problem in terms of difficulties, and indicates that it is through natural and artificial undesirable side effects that may achieve self-power voluntarily and involuntarily, and can achieve elevated prosperity in practice. Therefore, the present article through reviewing the impact of adversity and difficulties on human’s evolution from Quran, narrations, philosophers, mystics, and other scholars’ viewpoint and through comprehensive analysis and wrap up of the viewpoints of these groups has concluded that human being is created in a way that he may go through all entity levels via these natural calamities and practical austerities, in the same way that prophets did.

Self-esteem is among the most important and fundamental training principles, because training is based on respect, and if individuals are trained and grown respectably, they will firm and impenetrable. Self-esteem is one of the most important factors contributing to individuals’ mental development, and those whohave high self-esteem are excited people who are not only fitting, but also have a positive view toward themselves. Islam relies on this principle and considers it as the axis of its instructions. Throughout Islamic texts, God’s slavery, piety, faith, and seeking esteem from God are referred to as the basic factors to reach esteem; meanwhile oppressive rulers, greed, seeking superiority and not observing right and justice are referred to the impediments of achieving esteem. Psychology scientists have also paid much attention to the principle. Correlation principle, uniqueness, power, and patterns are introduced as the required grounds for self-esteem. Branden has stressed the importance of conscious life, believing in us, being responsible to ourselves, self-assertion, target-oriented life and individual unity for cultivating self-esteem. Self-esteem has lots of impact on individuals and society; chief among them are reinforcing will, self-confidence, believing in authenticity and importance of native culture. There are some various applied approaches for cultivating self-esteem through using verses of the Holy Quran, sayings and psychological viewpoints.