پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1389)

The Great Khorasan benefits of huge abilities and consists of natural sources and mineral reservoirs in the point of view. Because of historical, national and deep religious relationships between environs districts from one point and the geographical and geopolitics position from the other point, the Great Khorasan has walked role to dehiscence these districts. These production combine with economical alternate effect and historicalcultural relationship had done efficient role in progressing multilateral relations between Iran and environs districts during different periods in history (Badri-far, 23-24:1993). 2 The people belonged to Great Khorasan, with permanent emotion about their nationality during the time, have concerned to Great Iran as a unit body.From the ancient period the Great Khorasan has been followed Satrap or the vast province of Parsoveh which is reminded on inscription of Great Darius in Bistoun and the other petrographes in the Achaemenian dynasty.The districts which are located on the north parts of recent Khorasan, has belonged to the Great Khorasan or Iran government which has been separated from Iran in Qajar period and established with three republics by Soviet Unions and also Herat added to Afghanistan in 1273 A.H. 3

Geographical situation of a place is potentially and actually capable of creating power and develop a position in a geopolitical region. To benefit from this special position, needs right perceptions of this position by policy makers in different national and regional areas. Communication corridors of the east of Iran with communicative, geopolitical and security capability, can create power in region and become a central point in region. But unfortunately, this issue does not taking into consideration as it deserve. Khorasan Razavi Province with Mashhad as its center and thesecond metropolitan in Iran, and also the country greatest religious city and the second religious city in the world, as one of the main center point of communicative corridors of east of Iran has an undeniable position in expanding geopolitical place of Iran and organizing regional organization. The method of this paper is descriptive analysis and by using libraries resources, clarify the geographical facts and geopolitical potential of east corridor of Iran with Mashhad as center in expanding national and regional capability in region. Findings of this paper shows that regional systems can be take into consideration in security, economical and commutative systems.

Great Khorasan is a historical and ancient Persian district which their people speak Dari Persian and their cultural territory was part of a great domain in present east and north of Iran and more than half of the present Torkamanistan, all part of present geography of Tajikistan, main parts of south and east south of Uzbekistan and almost all parts of area of present Afghanistan. This cultural and lingual domain which is originate from one nationality and essence, in fact is the most important Persian language domain in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, Bangiladhs, Asean in China. From the middle of 20 centuries, intense competition was among the countries of world in using international tools to preserve and record the cultural and intellectual heritage. The reason for that is the importance and preference of national interest of countries and expansion of cultural and economical phenomenon of tourism. Today’s history and civilization of Khorasan is yet part of cultural realm of Iran. 3 great provinces of Khorasan with intellectual and religious centrality of Emamreza (Peace be upon him), and many famous and greats people in Farsi culture andliterature in all parts of the province. Beside famous and great people, and also people separated from their originality and identity, currently living outsideof the present geographical boundaries of Iran, is a valuable opportunity for Iran in cultural, economical and security expansion especially in eastern frontiers. The purpose of this research and collecting this paper in this respect is justifiable that researcher try to consider cultural and historical background of the Great Khorasan besides introducing cities and all parts in this territory and also some scenarios and suggestion to reviving culture and civilization of this nation in order to avoiding any tribal war or dispute. Researcher tried to present comprehensive answers to all the questions about the place of Khorasan, and why it was broken to pieces by England and Russia? This paper is applicative and the method which is used descriptive and the method of collecting information is library and documental.

The category of capital or political centralization in great khorasan have possess ups and downs in the all of history and in the following of government change the capital expect in the limited cases has been moved from city to city.At a glance to historical past related to this changes and developments showed that different motivations has been caused the movement of political center due to place, period and social government structure and with considering the political strategy and geopolitics issues period this motivation in the first instance has been influenced political, military. Security and ecological geography and in second in stance resulting from economical and social geography in the different go vernment. In this regard, in this research after examination of generalities of great khorasan geography and also different specialties of its geography with emphasis on its border and capitals the historical geography study of great khorasan and its political, economical and social geography to take into consideration in the pre-post Islam period.

Political changes in Middle East Especially in the North African and East Mediterranean Political developments, including the Following the entry of new elements is not a signatory to the But neglect and ignore those aspects of social and political relations in this area These developments have been surprising to the researchers. This article hasbeen less attention to these factors, or completely ignored attempts The roots of this transformation on the internal mechanism within the interior of the building based on an analysis of the political geography And regional and international dimensions in the form of a new concept to geopolitics. This new form of analytical look at the literature tries to come after the election of Barack Obama2 Weight of public opinion and emotion as one of the factors - politics, social change examine, this time in North Africa. The emphasis, especially when We saw this trend in a region of the chain-like Level and among countries, finds More importance for re-evaluation

History is as a mirror that is very instructive for all people and it is a bed for growing and developing nations.Vast Khorasan is a piece of Persians language people, special Tajiks that remind numerous scientists and cultural honors that just some of them are enough to recognize the personality of a nations.In fact, checking the Tajikistan personality finding process in Khorasan history caused that Tajik people after nation independence can pride to those people and realize their real personality on them. In this process our main question is that how Tajik people found again their real personality in khorasan history. Research methods in this process is based on library and historical sources with analysis data.

Since, we always pay attention to the great human civilizations; as a result we neglect other smaller and marginal civilizations. However, historical and archeology studies, show that many cultural and artistic masterpieces originate in these marginal civilizations. While Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, and Greece civilizations were the great civilizations of ancient world, and more important than today’s civilizations, but there were some smaller civilizations which were like a connection bridge in comparison to the great civilizations and lead to cultural relationship of ancient world and many historical and archeological examinations were neglected. While civilizations which were located in great Khorasan, have an important role in creating cultural relationships between Iran and Mesopotamia in west and India and chinain east. But these civilizations have not been studied as deserves. Fortunately, in recent decades, historical, archeological, and linguistics researches most of them have done by Russian scholars, was in great Khorasan in dark margin of history and civilization of this land.