پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1390)

Vast Khorasan in eastern part of Iran including the lands that stands in south of Amo sea (Jeyhon) and Sir sea (sayhon), in the north Hendokish and from political sight were included Vararodan (Mavaraonnahr) and Kohestan (ghohestan).In the old time Vast khorasan were included all Eastern part, but state of Sistan. In the first age of Islam period Vararodan was a part of vast Khorasan and this vast state was made way up to western parts of China, especially today Sin kiang province and Afghanistan, Pamir and Hendokish mountains. Vast khorasn doesnt limited in Iran border and it was included big part of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Torkamanestan, Uzbekistan and etc… Thus the wide part of central Asia that stands in vast Khorasan of Iran was a zone for entrance Iranian culture and the source of Iranian renaissance in the age of after Islam. Also Iran is stand on middle of fourworth zone, middle east, Persian gulf, Mazandaran sea, and central Asia that gives to Iran special role for connecting regions. Abrisham road is a passage of peace, global trade, relocation path of idea, opinion, knowledge, believes and one of the biggest international commercial road that pass from many big country and it was a worthy bridge between peoples that live on that times, also it was the zone that connected Iranian, Indian, China and Vararodan and Miyanrodan cultures and in many century for a long time Iran had this responsibility.

In Samanid government period (876-1005c), business activities have been made with Samanid's silver coins in wide-spread commercial roads from Chine's Cities to European Cities. History of silver coining strike in East of Iran and Samanid powerful in using of this coin, have made the content of commerce flourish. Samanid's Drachma (Deram / Dirham) have been use instead of golden coins. One of the factors of samanids achievement in directing of markets (Bazar) was the little value of coins. This article have a try to investigate the role of silver coin (dirham) in Samanid money exchanges and there mints.

Great Khorasan Cultural Heritage origins, natural heritage, historical memory and spiritual heritage shared territories that exist today due to political boundaries and were separated by the same motivation for his great contribution in human civilization is actually less attention is. This large land around it and Sabzevar Damghan in the West, and started Jyhvn Balkh and persist in the East and Ghazni to the north of Sistan and Bukhara and Merv has spread in one of four state pledge Sasanian Iran constitutes the main. Data now, four provinces within the political boundaries of four countries and five countries of Central Asia and Afghanistan includes be concluded that the historical expansion and contraction is an ancient land.What is evident today, not political boundaries that common cultural identity of residents and therefore it can completely change the control values and continuity. cultural component in the area are ancient. On the other hand, when political and cultural boundaries are not consistent over time, the cultural component of the factors that link all human beings. Governments and sometimes from the viewpoint of their nations and peoples can, causing burning or causing mechanism should be considered. On the other hand these commonalities can be field upgraded Frhgy relations, economic and ultimately political convergence will facilitate regional countries and at the same time can cause feeling of insecurity in the United Nations and regional Jmvmthay provide. This study investigated the common cultural components in Great Khorasan region and its effect on security of North-East countries, using analytic and descriptive study of library resources and the results do indicate that these security components in the Republic Islamic Iran had a positive effect in terms of age of communication and globalization can expand the field of solidarity and economic exchanges, cultural, political,and promote regional integration provide.

From the past times, as a strategic region, the great Khorasan of Iran had a deep influence on the world's history and civilization. Some common environmental phenomena causing similarities in the region have developed a special geographical-political structure which deserves applying the term "Geography of the Region". On the other hands, in the 21st century, the geostrategic, geo-economics, geopolitics, and geocultural importance of the countries located in the great Khoasan is undeniable. Those calling themselves world or regional powers have always a special attention to the region. Water as an irreplaceable matter has a great role in social and economical relations in the region. In this region, five Islamic countries including Afghanistan, Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan have a common historical past, geographical features, culture, religion, language, sources, and especially rich water resources which provide the ground for regional cooperation and convergence.This article deals with analyzing the geopolitical role of water as a strategic factor in the great and historical Khorasan. It is believed that the convergence of the countries in the great Khorasan on the basis of water geopolitical factor is a way of developing regional solidarity with potential abilities.

The collapse of the Timurid Dynasty in the 16th century and the independence movement by Uzbek nations led to the separation of Ma wara al nahr, and consequently Bukhara, from Iran. The Uzbeks, who selected Bukhara as their political capital, paved the way for the development of the local art of miniature painting in the region. AS a result of the extensive contacts between migrating craftsmen and the local miniature painters of Bukhara, a new school called "Bukhara School of Miniature Painting" was established. A considerable portion of the miniatures in Bukhara School are inspired by the instructive anecdotes of the Persian Literature especially the stories of Gulistan and Bustan by Sadi. The present paper seeks to analyze two of such miniatures.

When Iran entered a new era and the Industrial, Like other communities, with priority investments in greater efficiency and added value was considered and Unfortunately, looking at the social and cultural features in the development of civil society to be forgotten Or less was considered. After years of looking at the macro policy of continued development. So the men's (at least before the Islamic Revolution) are always a few pole, with a view of the economy. The reserves on the sidelines because of a civilization like Iran, Khorasan, Gap in development between different regions in social, cultural and economic dimensions were created. Unaware of these areas appear to lack the potential to contain historical, With a proper planning, have potential to becoming huge centers for producing property in different forms (science, culture and economy) in international and national level including planning is performing the true preparation of land that is seems to be one of the best methods for multilateral and basic development. Preparation of land is examination and successful experience in other societies as well ascase study in iran.

The imposed war and destroying effect of economic sieng (like: importslimitation, prices increase, multi cost of foreign exchange and. ..), government tend to expand trading in borderlines region and the first small market in borderline (Sari su) wasopened in Based on "th article of low of exports-imports, saml markets in borderline are stablished to gain Y objects: to expand trade relations with the neighboring countries and create some job opportunities in borderline. In there are some other goals like increases income,improving bordere's level of life, to encourage traders importing goods from smal markets to decrease smuggled goods, preventing borderes from migration,. ..As a result smal markets in borderline have profitable effects on trading relations with neighboringcountries. Of course neighboring countries didnt have the same share in trading relations from these smal markets. Recent years the most active smal markets were in border of Iran and Iraq so it had the most effect on borderer's economic condotions.Smal market of Bajgiran in borderline was stablished in the border of Iran andTurkmenistan which has some effects on increases job opportunities and exports. This smal market prevents some crime like smuggling goods and has some important effects on bordere's life and economic conditions.