پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ
پیاپی 3 (تابستان 1390)

In the past centuries, Great Khorasan always involve a wide scope of Iranian territory was considered ground. This region in different periods, have been a special historical and political circumstances, and so the imaginary world of scientific documents has spread, in past centuries since the ancient Iranian tribes of Iran and is attributed, and also,historically the focus of the initial state has been considered ancient. Khorasan from the side, who have read this name in ancient Persian means the land east of there where the sun rises, is used. Actual geographical extent of Khorasan has long ago been fixed boundaries and affect change and transformation has been routinely However, the region than Iran, part of the modern soil of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan in has taken over. Considering the importance and situation that determines the territory of Iran and the developments in the region, always on the appellation, the area of geography and history in scientific circles, criticism and analysis has been done several. Therefore, this study also based its focus to these three components built with the look and analytical - descriptive issue focuses on the analysis.

Can economic growth in the industrialized world, and burgeoning industrialization in the developing world, continue without access to fossil fuels? The short answer is no, because the survival of societies and states depends on dynamism and technological innovation, which are impossible without access to raw materials and fossil fuels. This is why, since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the vast gas and oil reserves of the Caspian Region have become the object of the latest phase of the “Great Game”.

National Identity means sense of dependence and loyalty to the common elements and symbols in a nation within the defined politically defined boundaries. National identity has different historical, cultural, social, geographical and political aspects. Land, history, religion and faith, language and literature, symbols and rituals, customs and rituals, values and beliefs, and government are considered as the most important elements of the national identity of a nation. Meanwhile, culturalhistorical dimension of the national identity including historical territory, myths, symbols, historical events, the ancient language and cultural heritage are more important. Transferring these elements, mainly historical, to the next generations in order to strengthen and reproduce the national identity is very necessary and literary, social, cultural and historical works of thinkers are considered as a basic source in this concern. Among the Iranian fine works, Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is considered as an exception from the viewpoint of the existence of historical-cultural elements of Iranian identity. In this paper, attempts are made to study and analyze the role and position of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh in strengthening and reproducing the Iranian identity with a descriptiveanalytical approach.

The history of Islam in Great Khorasan and its evolutions during the past decades until the disintegration of the Soviet Union, is always been a hot topic and debatable subject for academic researches.The five Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan gained independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The rapid disintegration of the Soviet Union and the subsequent unexpected independence of Central Asian states in 1991 resulted in a renewal of nationalistic feelings and, in some quarters, a desire to re-establish a Caliphate. Some fundamentalist groups in Central Asia see the future of the region as being a Caliphate. The question arises whether adherence to Islam and its ideology in Central Asia is significantenough to be a foundation for the formation of a Caliphate. This paper proposes an answer to this question by analyzing the potential connection between fundamentalism and the revival of Islam in Central Asia.

Showing (wooden horse) is one of the traditional religions that is symbolic exposure of destructive mogul attracts to Khorasan and this show portray their unity and stability. This article based on free research and verbal documents of native Khorasan artists repeat the details of these religions that were registed.

Based on islamic republic 20 years peospective, development of villages should not be such that civilization in villages replace bye village development. But by giving identity to village, become welfare, handling relations in village development framework should play affected role in true village development. In other wordsT modification of planning view in development in villages should be ordered, civilizaion village view is replaced bye aligned development view in villages. This paper investigate the development in villaged, its role in realization the purposes in country as a case study in province khorasan.

Today tourism industry is one the most beneficial activities in rotation of national economy of all countries, specially for employment, having foreign exchange and economic dehiscence. In addition it has some connecting, political, and cultural advantages and special international influence. Thus most of countries in the world profit by tourism as significant issu in economic development. In religious tourism (as one kind of tourism), tourists visit holly places like: holly shrines, tombs and Mashhad is the only megapolis in east of Iran and the second religious megapolis after Mecca. Religious tourism has axpanded in Mashhadspecially during recent decadesGoing milions of pilgrims and visitors to Mashhad have a graet influence in economic dehiscence, cration of job opportunities, creation of income sources, exchange of cultural – social issues and number of pilgrims which inter to Mashhad every yaer is variant between 15-20 milions even it is mentioned up to 25 milions. This number of tourists has effect on section of services in Mashhad and has most percent of employments. So religious tourism is the most important factor in change of economic structure of holly Mashhad.