نشریه پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 89 (شهریور 1393)

Assertiveness as one of the life skills، leads to an increase in self-esteem، logical expression of thoughts and feelings، reduction of anxiety، improvement of social communication skills and consideration of the rights of others and meanwhile، taking one’s right and finally an increase in life satisfaction and happiness. This study aimed to compare the effect of Gestalt therapy and Ellis Cognitive- Behavioral therapy on assertiveness of nursing students. It was a clinical trial، with pre-test - post-test design and control group. Among 80 nursing students enrolled in the school of nursing and midwifery of the Najaf Abad branch of Islamic Azad University in academic year of 2013-2014 who were at the beginning of their field training، those who were deficient in assertiveness (n=36) were detected by ASA questionnaire and randomly assigned into two experimental and one control groups (each = 12). The experimental groups including Gestalt therapy and Ellis Cognitive Behavior therapy received training during 8 sessions، while the control group did not receive any interventions. Post- test was performed immediately after training with the same tool. Data was analyzed by analysis of covariance، one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests using SPSS-PC (v. 20). Analysis of covariance showed no difference between the groups in terms of assertiveness before intervention (P > 0/05). After the intervention، a significant increase was seen in the mean score of assertiveness in both Gestalt therapy and Ellis cognitive behavioral therapy (P 0/05). Assertiveness scores were significant between each test and control groups (P 0/05). There was no significant difference between experimental groups after the interventions (P=0/48). As the results showed، the effect of Gestalt therapy and Ellis cognitive behavioral therapy on nursing students’ assertiveness is the same. Accordingly، the above mentioned therapies as methods of psychotherapy could be used alternately to reduce inefficient beliefs of nursing students.

Sexual abuse is the most damaging type of abuse which has been increased significantly in recent decades; so prevention of sexual abuse is crucial. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of parents regarding child sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school and preschool children. In this descriptive study, 536 parents of elementary and preschool children in schools of Arak, were enrolled by cluster random sampling. Data was collected by child sexual abuse (CSA) questionnaire and analyzed descriptive statistics using SPSPC (v. 16). The results showed that of all parents, 343 (66%) had good knowledge and 177 (34%) had poor knowledge about the prevention of sexual abuse of children. Of all parents, 383 (80.63%) had good attitude and 92 (19.37%) had poor attitude toward prevention education of sexual abuse. Also 456 parents (85.71%) had good performance and 76 parents (14.29%) had poor performance regarding prevention of sexual abuse. Considering the poor knowledge a one third of the parents regarding the prevention of sexual abuse, providing strategies to increase their knowledge seem necessary.

Needle stick injuries as one of the most common occupational injuries in nursing are very important because of their potential risk of transmission of blood-borne infectious disease. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of needle stick injuries and its related factors among nursing staff. In this cross-sectional study, 120 nursing staff of Saqqez Imam Khomeini's Hospital was recruited by census in 2014. Data was collected by needle stick injuries questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent T-test, Fisher's exact test and Chi -Square using PASW (Predictive Analytics Software). from a total of 120 nurses, 53 (44.2%) had a history of needle stick injuries in the last year. Comparing to other nurses, those with needle sticks injury were younger (p=0.01) and had less work experience (p=0.03). A total of 111 nurses (92.5%) had been vaccinated against hepatitis B and there was a significant relationship between hepatitis B vaccination and needle stick injuries (p=0.03). Only 14 nurses (11.7%) had reported their needle stick injuries. Regarding the high frequency of needle stick injuries in nursing staff, nursing managers should consider preventive approaches such as maintaining safety measures in work environment, providing complete vaccination coverage and a reliable reporting system to confront with this problem.

Regarding the rapid increase in the number of doctoral students in nursing, evaluation of PhD course to ensure quality of education is necessary. By the assessment of doctoral program from the viewpoint of the students, this study aims to provide a clear picture of the educational quality of this course. In this descriptive study, 64 doctoral students recruited by census from the nursing and midwifery schools of Tabriz, Shiraz, Mashhad and Tehran University of medical sciences were surveyed. Quality of PhD nursing course was evaluated by international questionnaire of QCSI (quality criteria, standards and indicators) in three dimensions of educational programs, faculty and resources. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS-PC (v. 13.5). The mean score of doctoral students’ point of view in the three parts of educational programs (48.4±3.17), faculty (31.42±2.03) and resources (18.95±2.76) was moderate. In the dimension of educational programs, components of emphasizing the research (49.3 ±0.67) and teachers’ support of students (3.32 ± 0.64) were more satisfied by students. The students were dissatisfied with the adequacy of faculty members (1.37 ± 0.77) and relevance of doctoral courses with nursing profession (1.84 ± 0.66). In the faculty dimension, students had been criticized the teachers’ performance for the supervision of dissertations (1.15 ± 0.60), and teachers’ knowledge (1.67 ± 0.87). In the resource dimension, students were dissatisfied of the adequacy of financial resources (1.95 ± 0.75) and necessary infrastructure for research (1.98 ± 0.66). Regarding the intermediate quality of doctoral course of nursing in the dimensions of curriculum, faculty and resources, revising the content of courses, increasing the number of faculty members and improvement of the resources are necessary to improve the quality of the course.

There are many stressful situations in nursing profession which could lead to the problems such as reduction of the quality and quantity of care, physical illness, fatigue and sleep disorders. This study was aimed to investigate job stress and its relationship with sleep quality and fatigue in nurses. This cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted on 200 nurses recruited by stratified random sampling and working in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences that. Data was collected by demographic sheet, Nursing Stress Scale (NSS), fatigue dimension of Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire (PSQI) and analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and statistical tests (ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient) using SPSS-PC (v.16). The results showed that 54%, 43% and 3% of nurses experienced severe, moderate and mild stress respectively and encountering with the patients’ suffering and death was reported as the most important stressor. Nurses’ job stress had also a statistically significant and direct correlation with sleep quality (P<0/004) and fatigue (P<0/001). The findings indicated that nurse's quality of sleep decreases and their fatigue increases with an increase in job stress. According to the results, managers can make appropriate decisions to reduce fatigue and sleep disorders in nurses.

Nurses as one of the main pillars of health sector, have often been noteworthy for researches. Due to the sensitivity of their working conditions and high burnout, this study has attempted to examine organizational commitment and some factors affecting nurses’ intention to leave. It was a correlational study. The study population was all nurses working in specialized public hospitals of Mashhad from which, 180 registered nurses were recruited through proportional to size stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a combined questionnaire including Internal Marketing Questionnaire by Gronroos, Job Rotation questionnaire by Chen et al., Organizational Commitment Questionnaire by Kim et al., Turnover Intention and Person- organization fit by Alniacik et al. To examine the data, the structural equation modeling using Amos software (v.21) was employed. There was a significant positive correlation between internal marketing and organizational commitment (p‹0.05, ß=0.35), also job turnover on organizational commitment (p‹0.05, ß=0.22) and the moderating role of P-O fit on turnover intention was confirmed (p‹0.05). As internal marketing and job rotation has a positive relationship with organizational commitment and the latter has a negative relationship with turnover intention of nurses, then considering these variables and the moderating role of person-organization fit, the managers can reduce turnover intention of nurses.

Students’ attitudes towards their field of study can significantly affect the quality of education and their interest in learning and professional practice. The aim of this study was to compare freshman and senior nursing students’ attitudes towards nursing. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2011 on bachelor’s nursing students of medical science universities in Tehran, Iran. A random sample of 248 students (137 freshmen and 111 seniors) was recruited. Data was gathered by a standardized and valid attitude assessment questionnaire. Differences between the two groups were determined Chi-square test using SPSS-PC (v. 14.0). The findings revealed that 54.01% of freshmen and 23.5% of senior nursing students had a positive attitude toward their discipline. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding their attitude toward nursing (P < 0.001). Regarding the results, negative clinical experiences as well as inconsistencies between students’ expectations and the realities of clinical nursing practice might have negatively affected senior nursing students’ attitude towards their profession. Accordingly, identification and removing the factors that would negatively affect students’ attitude towards nursing is recommended.

Elderly people often suffer from sleep disorders. Chamomile due to its extensive health properties such as sedation could be effective in improving sleep quality in elderly people. This study aimed to determine the effect of Matricaria chamomilla extract on sleep quality in elderly people admitted to nursing homes of Isfahan in 2014. It was a quasi-experimental clinical trial. The sample consisted of 77 elderlies hospitalized in selected nursing homes of Isfahan-Iran. The sample was first recruited by convenience sampling method and then assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention group received 400 mg oral capsules of chamomile twice daily after lunch and after dinner for 4 weeks. The control group did not receive any interventions. Sleep quality was compared before and after intervention using the Sleep Quality Questionnaire Index (PSQI). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired t and independent t tests, one way ANOVA and Liner Regression Analysis, using SPSS-PC (v.17). There was no significant difference between the mean score of sleep quality in the experimental and control group before intervention (P>0.05). A significant difference was seen after intervention between the mean score of sleep quality in experimental and control group (P<0.001). Oral administration of chamomile extract has sedative effects on the sleep quality of the residents of Isfahan nursing homes. Accordingly, its usage is recommended in same situations.