Iranian Journal of War and Public Health
Volume:7 Issue: 26, 2015

Mustard gas(SM) is a Chemical Weapon that used by Iraqi army against Iranian military and civilian forces in Iraq-Iran war. SM absorbed by respiratory system, skin and eyes. The early complications occur at first week and long term complications occur at 10-15 years later. In our country chemical victims are suffering from mustard gas induced long term complications. SM is a highly reactive chemical, which reacts with nearly all cell constituents.DNA damage is believed to be the most critical lesion. SMmade some adduct in the DNA that leads to DNA break.. Broken DNA, PARP-1 enzymatic activity leads to with regard to the extent of the damage could result in damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or necrosis. the aim of this study is the evaluation of apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in SM exposed individuals over than 25 years after exposure. at this study10 exposed and 11 non-exposed participats were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected by ficol gradiant and PBMC was isolated, conted and their apoptosis was determined by cell death detection ELISA kit. the result show no significant differences in apoptosis between SM exposed PBMC and normal control group.P-value =0/39. Conclution: According to the results, there were no significant differences between two groups. It seemsapoptosis doesn’t accure long term after SM exposure in PBMC. Since some organs such as loung, eyes,and skin are injured, more studies in affected organs is suggested.

Reaserchers consider variety of methods of complementary medicine such as homeopathy in addition to classical treatment of depression to improve response of the patients. This trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of homeopathy for 6 months in the treatment of depression in war survivor diagnosed with PTSD warfare patients. A randomized double blind clinical trial enrolled patients with depression conform with Natrium muriaticum dynamism in Shahid rajai Hospital of Isfahan. They randomly allocated to two groups of intervention (homeopathy drugs) and control(placebo). The severity of depression and Quality of life were evaluated based on the Beck Depression Scale and WHO Quality of life Scale pre- and post-treatment respectively. Data were analysed by mann-whitney and Covariance in the Spss20 software. 65 subjects completed 6 months treatment with homeopathy or placebo. The average age was 48.6±6.9 and the average years Of their depression was 20±10.2 years. Two groups were similar in beginning of the study. By co variance analysis, there wasn’t any significant differences for depression severity after intervention with controlling score of quality of life and depression severity between groups (P>0.05). Total score of quality of life after intervention with controlling score of quality of life and depression severity between groups wasn’t significant but the Physical and psychological domains were statistically significant (P<0.05). 6 months Homeopathic treatment wasn’t effective on depresion severity of chronic janbaz patients but it changed psychologic and somatic fraction of their quality of life. We suggest long duration treatment on early disease by some homaeopathic remedies to evaluate homeopathy effectiveness on depressive patient in future trials.

Iran and Iraq war had several psychological damage. Psychic war veterans have more oral problems, because of the side effect of their medicine (xerostomia), maxillofacial damages and variable psychic situation. This manuscript aimed to evaluate teeth and oral health of Shiraz psychic war veterans. This research is a descriptive –cross sectional study. We examined 80 psychic war veterans and DMFT، Bleeding On Probing، OHIS (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) and mobility were measured. Also the prevalence and types of oral lesions were registered. DMFT mean was 23. 67 ±6. 2, Bleeding Index was 58. 32±29. 65, OHIS and plaque index were 2. 63 ±0. 33 and 76. 06 ±20. 18. 85. 9% of examined patients were free of any oral lesions. Oral ulcers were the most common lesions found in psychic war veterans. Correlation test showed significant relation between just antipsychotic medication and DMFT (r= 0. 267, p=0. 018), antipsychotic medication and OHIS (r = 0. 285, p=0. 012). On the other hand the statistical analysis reported positive relation between BI and DMFT (r= 0. 433, p< 0. 001). Higher DMFT, OHIS and plaque index reported in this study show significant dental care needs of psychic war veterans.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of schema-based instruction on reducing symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) (re-experiencing the traumatic events or intrusive thoughts, avoidant responses, and arousal symptoms) among PTSD veteran's spouses. This study was performed by semi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design. The population consisted of PTSD veteran's spouses who were under treatment in Sadr psychiatric hospital in Tehran. Twenty four (24) of veteran's spouse were randomly assigned in two experimental and control groups, after screening. Participants completed two questionnaires: traumatic stress (STS) and DASS. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA and MANCOVA. The results showed that schema-based instruction could reduce STS symptoms (re-experiencing the traumatic events, avoidant response, and arousal symptoms), with control of pre-test and depression, anxiety and stress in PTSD veteran's spouse. Schema- based instruction is an effective method for reducing of the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress.

Sudden terrible sound, like the sound of landmine explosion, can rupture the eardrum, disruption of the ossicular chain, ear nervous system disorders and in some cases causes complete deafness. Accordingly, this study aimed to data collection and assesses the hearing health of Iranian landmine survivors less than 18 years old. All mine survivors less than 18 with hearing disorder enrolled and after obtaining demographic information, hearing status, clinical and treatment data were evaluated by an ENT specialist. Frequencies were reported as number, percentage and mean ± SD. About one third of landmine survivors suffered from hearing disorders that their average age was 16.13±2.05 years and mean duration of hearing loss was 6.7±2.5 years. The most common negative side issue was headache, 81.3%. More subjects were in trouble in crowded environments with high frequency sound (65%) and tinnitus was a common problem among them (87%). Sensorineural hearing loss had a frequency near to 50% for both right and left ear. No significant association was found between duration of injury and degree of hearing loss. The mean number of speech perception threshold test was less than half of the standard value and the mean score of ability to separate speech was within normal limits. Sudden exposure to sound like landmine explosion may cause hearing disorders such as hearing loss and side problems such as headache, dizziness, and tinnitus that are able to dramatically affect the quality of life. The prevalence of hearing impairments in young survivors of landmine explosion is very high and long after the casualties, some of them continue to suffer from hearing problems. Due to the sensitivity age of study group, further studies in this regard and regular checkups seem to be necessary.

The aim of this study was to determine the gene expression of CXCL10 (IP-10) in lung tissue of sulfur mustard exposed individual with Long-term pulmonary complications. this study has been done on 22 paraffin embedded blocks of lung tissue of sulfur mustard exposed individual and 8paraffin embedded blocks of lung tissue of sulfur mustard non-exposed patients with similar pathologic diagnosis as control group. the gene expression of CXCL10 was detected by Real-time PCRtechnique. CXCL10 gene expression in chemical victims was not significantly different in compared to the unexposed group and also, there were no significant difference in the CXCL10 gene expression in the lung samples with constrictive and respiratory pathological complication in exposed and unexposed group According the result it is concluded that CXCL10 gene expression in lung of SM exposed injuries has a similar pattern with other lung chronic complications.

Although, several studies have investigated the relationship between hyperarousal biological markers of cardiovascular and Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans, however, psychological interventions for treating this hyperarousal of cardiovascular have not been performed. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the outcome of cognitive processing therapy on biological markers of cardiovascular veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder was performed. The research method was semi experimental research with pre and post test with a control group. 24 war veterans among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder in Kermanshah in 2014 were selected based on available sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and group control. The data were collected by The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Military (PCL- M) and digital barometer and thermometer. Cognitive processing therapy during 12 weekly sessions was applied for the experimental group. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance, with 0/95 confidence level and IBM SPSS22 software was used for data process. The results of covariance analysis showed that Cognitive processing therapy significantly reduced the biological markers of cardiovascular examined in this study in the experimental group as compare with the control group(P<0/05). Due to the negative consequences of posttraumatic stress disorder on cardiovascular health in patients, who suffer from this disorder, cognitive processing therapy can be effective in improving symptoms of cardiovascular hyperarousal indexes.

lower limb amputees may fail to accept and use their prosthesis because of discomfort experienced as a result of poor socket fit. Socket fir could have a great effect on amputee's gait and function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ‘good‘ or ‘bad‘ socket fit on gait parameters, performance and satisfaction in below knee amputees. six below knee amputees experiencing a ‘bad’ socket fit due to residual limb volume lost participated in the study. Each amputee was then provided with a new good fitting PTB socket. temporospatial and kinematic parameters of gait were recorded for each socket fit condition using Vicon motion analysis system. Besides, amputee’s performance, comfort and satisfaction were measured TAPES and SCS questionnaires. There was no significant difference the good or bad socket fit conditions in any gait parameters except for the symmetry index of maximum knee joint flexion angle in the stance phase. Where the difference between prosthetic limb and sound limb for the value of this parameter was decreased in the ‘good’ socket fit condition. Furthermore, results of TABES questionnaire indicate that amputee's functional limitation decreased and their satisfaction of artificial limb increased after using the new good fitting socket. It is suggested that a longer acclimation period is adopted to examine the effect of socket fitting on amputees gait and function.