فصلنامه پژوهش های راهبردی سیاست
پیاپی 9 (تابستان 1393)

Islamic Revolution of Iran is one of the most important variables in recent decades that have led to a new attitude towards Islam in the world. The Cultural Revolution is based on an approach to develop cultural convergence between Islamic communities in the world and believes that the most important factors that can make an internal coherence and consensus among Muslim nations are religious commonalities and interactions among them. Hence, the call for Islamic unity based on divine teachings of Islam comes from the founder of the Islamic Revolution. This is the principle of monotheism, Islam, unity and solidarity, justice and fighting oppression, etc., which is derived from Islam and Islamic ideology. Such ideas and ideals of leadership, Justice, and confronting oppression, to achieve prosperity for all humans and the universal ideals of Islam are a central focus of the Islamic Revolution.

From the very beginning, The Republic Islamic of Iran was looking for reorganizing the society and “the well-living” in order to build a society based on justice and virtues. It that matter, the main policy is organizing the social affairs. Policy, government and the way of organizing the society are highly influenced by the political culture of the people and the government. In order to reach virtual and human purposes, any successful organization of the society, needs recognition of the desirable political culture which comes from its mainroots. In this article, it is claimed that, according to the order of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to Malik Ashtar, leaders presence and their hard work for “public interests” are among the most important criteria of appropriate political culture at the level of leadership.

Development is a course ensuring constant improvements in all realms of human life, both material and spiritual, humans should, in ultimate development, achieve a life relying upon their abilities and human culture along with expansion of circle of positive options. Development could be discussed both historically and in terms of developmental goals and is challenged by the Islamic thought in a compulsory course, but in the cultural-ideal course, development is fundamentally a unique process which not only benefits from the common denominator of the rational, fixed principles of development, but may also be applied given the social culture. Culture is a human entity and its survival depends on human's awareness, determination and will – the humans who are the key elements in a society. Therefore, achieving well-developed conditions, which is a political and governmental decision, needs cultural foundations. Viewing humans, society, religion, life and time can serve as an important factor in logical analysis and interpretation of political development on the one hand, and surviving institutionalization of politics on the other. Meanwhile, Shiite political culture which considers a logical link and positive interaction between religiosity and politics believes that using the fundamental elements and components of rationality, freedom, and dynamic endeavors, one could not only maintain the fundamentals and principles of Islam but also promote its efficiency in relation to development in general and political development in particular.

This paper examines the Factors influencing the process of political socialization of students. Effects of the political parties within the university and outside the university (such as political parties and political figures); and the policies of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, on the process of political socialization of students has been studied. Details of the survey have been collected from a sample size of 1210 individuals among public universities nationwide and purified with the method of Stratified sampling. Data analysiswas also performed with "SPSS" software in 1392. The results of the study revealed these assumptions: The political parties within the college had a positive impact on the process of political socialization; andoff-campus parties and political organizations such as parties and political figures and the policies of the Ministry of Science, Failed to have a major impact on political socialization of students.

Evaluation of the youth national Identity as the most vital, the most legitimate and the most common type of collective identity, and the study of the factors influencing it, is one of the issues that have been the constant concern of sociologists and political thinkers. The main concern in this respect is to preserve and enhance the citizens’, especially the youth, sense of belonging and commitment to concepts such as history, culture, state and the political system. One of the things that have come scarcely into theoretical and empirical examination is the impact of social networking on a National Identity. Networks intensely touch the intra-group and inter-group interactions and communications of people and seem to influence national identity and national consolidation. This study aims to investigate the issue of whether social networks can affect students’ national identity and how much they do so. The method used is survey and data were collected using questionnaires distributed among a sample of 294 university students in 2013-2014. Their reliability was calculated in formal methods, and their validity was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and finally, they were analyzed by 22SPSS software. The findings of this study suggest that there is strong and significant relationship between inter-group networks and four dimensions of national identity, namely, the socio-cultural, historical, political and territorial identity. The abovementioned networks have more impact on the socio-cultural, political, historical, and territorial identity, respectively. Also, despite the impact of intragroup social networks on political and socio-cultural identity, the total value did not confirm any correlation between students’ national identity and intra-group networks.

The main focus of detailed discussions in this essay was studying the reasons that caused Syria to turn into an important security issue for Iran. Given the long history of relations between the two, the emergence of this crisis has activated Iran heavily and roughly to prevent and confront the West's power since lagging in this issue will impose heavy prices on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The current essay has studied four important reasons for the security importance of Syria to Iran; Syria as a dam against the infiltration of the US anti-Iran policies in the Middle-East, Syria's common borders with Hezbollahand Israel, Syria as a place for adopting ideological defense-invasion strategy and its stance in the confluence point of the Islamic Iran and the Arab nationalism ideologies can be the main elements for forming Iran-Syrian security relations. As Iran's ally, Syria can be a key factor in preventing the West's complete plundering of the region and given the four aforementioned components, it can justify and redefine Iran's all-out support for Syria during the crisis in the country.

Confrontation between Russia and Ukraine, two geographical giants in European continent, was not unexpected during the process of Crimea peninsula annexation to Russia. The article is written with emphasizing upon the idea that three variables played significant roles in creating the logic to annex the Crimea peninsula. The main question of the article focuses on the essential components of the confrontation between Russia and Ukraine. The hypothesis of the article explains that presence of massive domestic fault lines inUkraine, Russia’s historical understanding of the situation and Russian adherence to the logic of power geopolitics played important roles in shaping the crisis.