نشریه پژوهش های جامعه شناسی معاصر
سال دوم شماره 3 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

The present study deals with divorce early in the young city of Bushehr. This study is using the theoretical framework of social psychology intends to evaluate and compare the economic, social, family and individual groups of young people who have been divorced and married less than 3 years has passed. According to research, the study of comparative studies in which is a first overview of the theoretical and empirical evidence for the variables used in the second part of the survey (questionnaire and interview techniques) for data collection were used in the statistical community. Sample size of 400 who were between the two groups (divorced and not divorced equal) using multi stage sampling are selected. According to findings, married respondents are of the highest rates of economic security, life satisfaction, satisfaction of emotional needs, a sense of belonging to a family, a religious adherence, uniform, wife, marriage, trust, understanding wife and a little influence from friends, than divorced respondents. T-test results also showed that the degree of economic security, life satisfaction, satisfaction of emotional needs, a sense of belonging to a family, a religious adherence, they have a group of friends, the same spouse, marital understanding and trust between married and divorced wife is different. In other words, all the variables increase and decrease the impact of divorce. Results of logistic regression analysis, three variables indicate that economic security (.912), life satisfaction (0.834) and the same wife (0.908) have significant coefficients in the error level of less than 0.05, and these variables are able to predict the criterion variables said.

Individualism is based on the fact that a person's basic unit of reality and the ultimate standard of value. horizontal individualism is a kind of individualistic individuality both in width and means by interaction with each other. The vertical individualism, individuality and distinction of being different than others is a sense of individuality and independence is a distinct findings. In cross-cultural research, America and Sweden respectively are introduced to incorporate horizontal and vertical individualism. The method of This research is Surveying, using a questionnaire and a sample size is 420 people. Results shows that most of individualism in Ahwaz society, vertical individualism. The results also indicate a significant relationship between individualism and sexuality, and some variables, such as history effect, social – economic site and education.

The aim of this study was using public pressure Agnew theory to examine the relationship between various types of stress and negative emotions and also to examine effects of negative emotions on the vandalistic behaviors of students. The method is survey and 394 students of Mazandaran University have responded to the questionnaire. The results indicate that the independent variables are extracted from public press theory ‘Agnew, negative emotions, variable influencing behavior on vandalistic students. Regression analysis showed significant differences are by gender in explaining changes in vandalistic behavior of student. As increasing positive stimulus is removed, the vandalistic behavior of boys increases. In contrast, to the increased negative emotions, vandalistic behaviors in girls also increase. Pressure resulting from exposure to a negative stimulus and failure to achieve positively valued goals influenced Negative emotions as influential variable in this study. Feel angry is most of the negative emotions that result in vandalistic behaviors between boys and girls.

This study has been designed to answer the following fundamental questions: What are the opinions of the students of Mazandaran University about the significance of reference groups? What groups constitute the reference groups of the students of Mazandaran University? Do the students of Mazandaran University select those groups of which they are a member or those groups of which they are not a member? In what aspects do the students of Mazandaran University benefit the most from reference groups? Why do the students select these individuals or groups as the reference groups? The study is guided by Robert Merton's Theory of Reference Groups. Through Cochran's formula and classification sampling 370 students were selected from among the 9924 students of Mazandaran University doing their second semester in the academic year 91-92. Some of the most important results of this research include: 93% of the students believed that reference groups were necessary and beneficial. 91% of them believed that young people would encounter problems without reference groups. The students considered family، friends، professors and school teachers as the most important reference groups respectively. Interest in groups and gaining social respect were most significant reasons for choosing reference groups.

Dilapidation of an urban fabric refers to its physical, social and economic malfunctions which prevent reproduction of neighborhood in the long run. Delapidated urban fabrics always have seen as an opportunity in hands of urban management for intervention in order to create better urban life, although mostly based on a physical definition of these fabrics. Along with revealing the adverse impacts, the previous physical approach to regeneration replaced by a participatory, community-centered approach which was obliged to preserving the social fabric of dilapidated regions. The first intervention based up on participatory approach was performed in Atabak neighborhood in Tehran and the article aims at assessing the social impacts of the regeneration project using social impact assessment methodology. Findings shows that intensification of dilapidation and the problems with access routes, formation of indefensible urban spaces, indebtedness and income reduction of inhabitants participating the regeneration, removing previous equilibrium between the supply and demand of rental houses, the dissolution of the social composition, social integration, social support and neighborhood relationships in the region, increasing social problems and sense of insecurity and institutional mistrust are among the main adverse impacts of the regeneration projects.

Public spaces are expected to provide the setting for many people activities. However, expressing fear on being victimized by people, in general and by gender, religious and ethnic minorities, in particular, had impact on their presence – incorporating both in quality and quantity – in public spaces. Clearly, emerging fear of crime in urban spaces would reduce public involvement and make it allowable under limited and specific circumstances. Active involvement of women, children and elderly as well as ethnic and religious minorities are impressed by this reductionism in defining urban spaces and leads to further civilization and contraction of public spaces in a long time. The major finding of this field study in Tehran presented that some of the unsafe urban spaces which invokes physical, mental, physiological and financial threats for citizens prevented their widespread and active presence in urban spaces and in better words, contraction of urban public sphere.