نشریه راهبردهای آموزش در علوم پزشکی
سال هفتم شماره 6 (پیاپی 28، بهمن و اسفند 1393)

Kolb Learning Style Inventory as one of the valid scales for the experimental measurement of learning styles is used in numerous studies and its validity and reliability have confirmed. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and reliability and validity of Kolb Learning Style Inventory Version 3.1 (KLSI-V3.1-2005) in Iranian students. In this descriptive-analytical study 1037 Bachelor degree students of Isfahan University were selected from Humanities, Engineering, Arts, and Medicine faculties of 8 fields by multi-stage random sampling in 2011-12. Data gathered by modified Kolb Learning Style Inventory and VARK Learning Styles Inventory. To evaluate reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Guttmann and correlation coefficients and assessing validity was applyed by concurrent validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 19 and AMOS 5 software. There was a correlation between VARK and Kolb learning styles. Cronbach's alpha Gutman coefficient was obtained 0.71 and 0.73 for concrete experience, 0.71 and 0.73 for reflective observation, 0.92 and 89.0 for abstract conceptualization and 90.0 and 90.0 for active experimentation. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors that were explained 76% of total variance and confirmed their confirmatory factor analysis. Learning styles were not different in terms of gender, but were significantly difference in terms of educational field. Kolb Learning Style Inventory has appropriate validity and reliablity in Iranian sample and can be used in emergency cases.

The sufficient knowledge of nurses has an important role in increase of nurses’ care in the critical units. Work-centered learning or learning in work place is one of the ways which is considered recently in the education of the professions related to Medicine and Nursing. This study aimed to compare two clinical teammate educator and workshop methods in the interpretation of arterial blood gases to the nurses working in the intensive care units. In this quasi experimental study, from Firoozgar Tehran hospital intensive care units 3 units were randomly selected as number one experimental unit (clinical teammate method) and number 2 and 3 experimental units (workshop method) in 2013. The samples included nurses working in these units selected with achievable sampling. At the beginning and the end of the training courses, the knowledge of nurses in the interpretation of arterial blood gases in both groups was measured using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent-T, exact Fisher and pair-T tests). There was a significant difference between before and after Nurses’ mean scores in workshop method group but there was no statistically significant difference between before and after nurses’ mean scores in clinical teammate group. Using workshop method is more appropriate compared with clinical teammate method to train the interpretation of arterial blood gases to the nurses of the critical care units.

Spatial memory is one of the memory types which can identify the persons’ location. It can be influenced by various factors including micronutrients (Iron). This study aimed to evaluate the effect extra Iron supplementation on spatial memory in young rats. This experimental study was done on 20 male Wistar rats. Samples were randomly divided based on feeding with usual bread and 2, 4 and 6 times iron enriched bread into 4 groups and independent variables were imposed on them for 4 weeks. Then, spatial memory performance in mice was measured using T-maze. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. ّ There was a significant differences between groups in time (p=0. 0001); groups consumed 2 times (1. 9±0. 5min), 4 times (9. 6±8. 9min), and 6 times (5. 8±3. 1min) spent significantly less time for going through the maze than control group (12. 6±1. 7min) (p=0. 0001). 2 times iron supplementation leads to the best performance in spatial memory and more and less than this amount can be effective on spatial memory.

Community-oriented teaching may increase Medical students’ skills in the prevention and control of diseases, while traditional teaching can reduce occupational skills. This study aimed to investigate the effect of community-oriented education on satisfaction of teaching and understanding of environmental health in the students. In this quasi-experimental study fifth semester nursing students at Birjand University of Medical Sciences were selected using census method in 2012. Samples were divided into two groups of 36 persons including control and experimental group for teaching environmental health as community-oriented and group discussion. These people as community health teaching and group discussions were divided into two groups of 36 patients each test. The intervention consisted of teaching health problems, research and prevention of hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and brucellosis in the high risk occupations. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16, Chi-square, independent-T and paired-T tests. After intervention, the mean score of satisfaction of teaching (p<0.002), unserstanding of environmental health (p<0.045) and environmental causes of brucellosis/Hepatitis/AIDS (p<0.032) in experimental group was higher than control group. Community-oriented teaching of environmental health and designing and implementation of diseases prevention in poromotion of satisfaction and knowledge of students is effective.

Development of critical thinking is one of the authenticating criteria to medical education organizations. This study was done to investigate the crucial role of Professor teaching quality in Health student’s critical thinking disposition. In a Correlated design, 109 (52 females, 57 males) health students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were selected using convenient sampling in 2013-14. Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) and California Critical thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 and both descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (T-test, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression). There were no significant correlations between dimensions of analyticity and organization power with any dimensions of teaching quality evaluation. There were significant correlations between other dimension of trend to critical thinking and teaching quality evaluation. Teaching quality evaluation dimensions could explain variances of truth-seeking (32%), open-mindedness (11%), analyticity (14%), organization power of the information (15%), self-confidence for critical thinking (24%), inquisitiveness (17%), maturity (23%) and trend to critical thinking (17%). Quality of teaching is effective on the trend of health students to critical thinking.

As teachers observing professional ethics has an important role in improving the students’ performance, adherence to the principles and values of professional ethics in faculty members who are responsible for administration and training conducting is essential. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of teaching professional ethics from students’ view point of Qom University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, 155 students of Qom University of Medical Sciences in were selected using stratified random sampling method in 2013-14. Dara gathered using teaching professional ethics researcher-made questionnaire containing 48 components and 6 items which its face and content validity was confirmed by academic specialists and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.92. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics and One-sample-T test. The total mean score ofteaching professional ethics was 3.54±0.68 from students’ view point. The mean difference compared to the average level was significant (p=0.0005) except various aspects of learners’ cognitive component (p=0.179), personality characteristics, content mastery, teaching methods mastery, standard evaluation, and obeying educational laws components. Teaching professional ethics and its components in teachers of Qom University of Medical Sciences from the viewpoint of students is evaluated relatively favorable.

Recent researches have shown that attention bias plays an important role in the etiology and persistence of anxiety disorders. This study aimed to investigate how to meta-cognitive processing (presence or absence of attention bias) to the associated stimuli with anger and joy in normal individuals and those suffering from social anxiety, using new method called Dot probe test. This causal-comparative study was done in 2014. Samples included ordinary students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and people referred to psychotherapy clinics of the University which ultimately 36 patients (18 patients with social anxiety disorder and 18 normal) out of them were selected using achievable sampling. Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and dot probe test were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 using independent-T test. The mean reaction time to stimulus words of anger in people with social anxiety was significantly lower than normal people (p<01.0). But, there was no significant difference between reaction time to the stimulus words of happiness in people with social anxiety disorder and normal people (p>05.0). Using meta-cognitive therapies to improve cognitive processing can treat people with social anxiety.

Nowadays, one of the main indicators to measure the development of countries is the society share to produce knowledge. The evaluation of the internal efficiency of education and, consequently, improvement of their education is crucial. The aim of this study was to compare the internal efficiency the Department of Nursing and Midwifery of Dezful Islamic Azad University during the academic years 2005 to 2011 using the analysis of the student flow or educational cohort. In this descriptive cross-sectional study undergraduate nursing (1456 persons) and midwifery (1560 persons) students of Dezful Islamic Azad University (totally 3016 persons) were studied using census method. Internal efficiency of two groups was studied during 2005 to 2011. To determine the internal efficiency educational cohort analytic instrument or student flow was used. Data analyzed using specific indicators of internal efficiency and using descriptive statistics by SPSS 13 software. Internal efficiency of Midwifery students (63.1%) was lower than Nursing Students (76.4%). The average length of the course was more than graduation. Survival rate (keeping students) in the early years was higher than subsequent years. Internal efficiency of Dezful Islamic Azad University midwifery students during 2005 to 2011 is lower than internal efficiency of nursing students.

In conflict and crisis, aid and rapid and accurate transfer of the injured and wounded to the safe areas or medical centers is very important and decreases the adverse effects to the minimum level. Therefore, nurses, particularly military nurses must have sufficient skills and expertise in this field. This research aimed to develop the curriculum of the aid and transport for Baccalaureate Degree Nursing students with a systematic approach. This is a descriptive and survey study which was done in 2013. 48 professors and experts were selected purposeful using Delphi technique and snowball method to saturation. First, by library studying and Internet searching, content headlines of the curriculum aid and transport was extracted and adjusted. Experts’ opinion about the suggested topics was collected based on Delphi technique and scored based on content validity ratio (CVR). Then it assessed at Master meeting group and approved. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 statistical software. According to a survey, aid and transport curriculum in the Baccalaureate degree of Nursing with military approach was designed including two theory credit and a practical credit and an apprenticeship credit. Due to the geographical and geopolitical situation of Iran, empowering nurses in the field of aid and transport of the injured people in the events, crises and war in the form of credits seems inevitable and necessary.

Proper design of e-learning environments leads to the benefits and capabilities of e-learning. On the other hand, instructional design is closely associated with learning theories and. Three major theories of learning are theories of behaviorism, cognitive and constructivism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the instructional design models based on learning theories behaviorism, cognitive and constructivism and providing inclusive model for effective designing for e-learning environments. In this integrative inquiry study, Isaac Kandel comparative studies method was used to implement models based on three learning theories. The studied population was in the implementation part were instructional design models. In the implementation of the study population, the instructional design models. The tools for sampling was researcher-made questionnaire containing 55 instructional design models and explanations attached to each model that its reliability was 0.83, measured by Cronbach's alpha. To validate the model, experts’ opinion was used. The researcher-made questionnaire with reliability 0.91 was used to validate the model. Based on the analysis of the selected instructional designing models and based on the characteristics list of each group of behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist models related to designing e learning environments, the combinational model of instructional designing was developed, comprising 135 subcomponents and 12 main components. The model’s validation results indicated that all components and subcomponents had an above average score. The desired instructional designing model for e learning environments based on a combination of the characteristics of three theories of behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism comprised of 12 main components.