مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال هفدهم شماره 132 (هفته دوم بهمن 1393)

cognitive disorders، depression and reduced physical function are increased in the elderly. Fun physical activity increases the hope to life، improved mood and cognitive disorders in the elderly. This study was performed with the aim to determine the effect of fun and regular physical activity on the changes in the incidence of depression and cognitive disorders of elderly women living in nursing homes at Mashhad.

This clinical randomized trial which was performed on 63 elderly women living in Mashhad nursing homes in 2013-2014. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group performed fun physical activity for two months، 3 times a week for 20 minute and the control group performed regular exercise activity of nursing home. The tools used to assess depression and cognitive status in elderly were 15 Item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the form of Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 11. 5)، and Kolmogronov-Smironov، شپیروویلک، independent t، and paired t tests.

The mean score of depression after the intervention was significantly lower in the experimental group (5. 17±2. 1) than control group (6. 16±2. 2) (P=0. 001). There was no significant differences between two groups in terms of the score of cognitive status before and after the intervention (P =0. 271، P=0. 552).

Fun physical activity can improve depression in elderly women compared with regular physical activity. But despite the improvement of cognitive disorders in both fun and regular exercise، the rate of improvement was not significantly different in two groups.

Unwanted pregnancy is one of the major health problems which can cause serious health problems for mother and neonate and also، lead to high costs for health system. This study was performed with the aim to determine the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and some related factors among pregnant women referred to health centers in Sanandaj. This descriptive- analytic study was performed on 1070 pregnant women referred to Sanandaj health centers in 2011. The data collection tools were the questionnaire consisting of questions about demographic characteristics and information about contraception method before pregnancy، contraception failure and type of pregnancy. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and chi- square test. the results of this study showed that %25. 1 of pregnancies were unwanted which 20. 4% was related to women، 8. 6% related to husbands، and %71 related to both. There was statistic significance difference between unwanted pregnancy and contraceptive failure method (P= 0. 001)، sufficient monthly income (P = 0. 001)، emotional relationship with husband (P = 0. 001)، mother''s age (P=0. 009)، parity (P=0. 001)، occupation of mother (P=0. 018)، and employment of husband (P= 0. 020). It seems that we can reduce the rate of unwanted pregnancies by increasing women''s knowledge about contraceptive methods and men participation in reproductive health program.

Pregnancy is a condition associated with decreased thermogenesis leading to increased body fat mass. In early pregnancy، lypogenesis routes are dominant that seems it is by hormones such as Leptin، while at the end، lipolysis molecular routes are more active. The key role of Leptin in animals and humans is regulating body fat which its levels increases with increased gestational age، peaks in second trimester and stays platue untill term. This systematic review was performed with the aim to summarize the studies related to leptin and weight gain during pregnancy. in this study، 56 abstract and full text articles were obtained from electronic research by entering the desired keywords in Sciencedirect، Pubmed، Googlescholar،Yahoo، Iranmedex and SID databases since 1995 to 2013 that finally 22 full text articles including 4 Persian and 18 English were reviewed and evaluated. The literature review suggests a strong possible association between maternal serum leptin levels and maternal weight gain during pregnancy، and this relation was a significant correlation in most studies independent of body mass index. Although the results of this review article indicate a strong association between maternal serum leptin and their weight gain during pregnancy، but due to controversial studies in this field، further studies are needed for definite judgment.