Anatomical Sciences Journal
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Winter 2014

The novel development of the (HBA) sperm- hyaluronan binding assay has now been routinely used in some laboratories worldwide to predict sperm maturity and functionality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HBA score and histone deficiency, protamine content and DNA fragmentation. During April- March 2012 patients who were enrolled at Shiraz- Human Assisted Reproductive Center were included in this study. Semen sample from 100 men were assessed during this study. Patients were divided into two groups, group A (%15≤HBA≤%55) n = 50 and group B (HBA≥ %55) n = 50. Sperm analysis carried out according to World Health Organization criteria. Histon efficiency, protamine content, and DNA integrity were assessed by Aniline blue, Chromomycine A3 staining and sperm chromatin dispersion test. The results show positive correlation between sperm concentration and motility with percentage HA-bounded sperms while a negative correlation with percentage abnormal morphology. Histone deficiency assessed using Aniline blue staining show significant difference in group A 18.22±1.06 compared with group B 32.43± 2.90. Furthermore, the percentage HAbounded sperm showed a significant negative correlation with protamine deficiency assessed by CMA3 staining spermatozoa (15.06± 0.88 in group A versus. 75.17± 2.37 in group B). The results also show a positive correlation between intact DNA with HA bound ability. The results indicating that HBA had a high degree of selectivity for sperm with histone efficiency, protamine quality, and high DNA integrity. These findings are important from the points of view of human sperm DNA integrity, sperm function, and the potential efficacy of HA-mediated sperm selection for human assisted reproduction techniques.

Human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) have been used for transplantation in hematologic failures. Because the number of hHSCs per cord blood unit is limited, the expansion of these cells is important for clinical application. It has been reported that cytokines and feeder layer provide a perspective to in vitro expansion of hHSCs. In this regard, cord blood CD34+ cells expanded after co-culture with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) feeder layer and cytokine conditions were analyzed in terms of apoptosis and the expression level of p53, a tumor suppressor gene. Three cultures of cord blood CD34+ cells were prepared ex-vivo for 7 days, including cytokines stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), and fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) with ADSCs feeder layer, cytokines without feeder layer, and a culture on micro porous membrane with cytokines. Apoptosis rate and the expression level of P53 gene in all groups were analyzed by real-time PCR. The data showed that p53 expression and apoptosis rate in CD34+ fresh cells were higher than other culture systems. P53 gene expression in the expanded cells at both cytokine cultures with and without ADSCs feeder layer decreased, but it was lower than other culture systems at co-culture system with cytokines (P < 0.05). Apoptosis rate in expanded cord blood CD34+ with feeder layer was significantly lower than the group without ADSCs feeder layer. It could be concluded that direct culture of CD34+on feeder layer ADSCs affects the expansion of HSCs.

Genital system is important herd in animal''s creation. It is necessary for animal reproduction. Mammal has two sex in genital system such as male and female in separated animals. Animal reproduction destroyed by disorder of genital system. In this case, animals cannot produce an animal similar to them. Finally it cause overthrow a species of animals. Histomorphologic characteristic of hamster ovary studied in this research for a human model. 5 right and 5 left ovary of puberty hamster is studied. Studied biometric parameters were length, wildness and thickness. This research results showed which right hamster ovary had 5/08±1/6mm in length, 3/05 ± 0/56 mm in wide, and 2/88 ± 0/327 mm in diameter and left ovary had 4/68 ± 1/253 mm in length, 2/2 ± 0/703 mm in wide and 2/4 ± 0/609 mm in diameter. Countering of different type of hamster ovarian follicles were showed which number of primordial follicles were 1628/33± 305/6049, number of primary follicles were 307/33 ± 56/76, number of secondary follicles were 140 ± 60/63, number of tertiary follicles were 9± 0 and number of graafian follicles were 8 ± 3/6. Total count of hamster ovarian follicles was 2192/66± 178/46. Histological studies showed which covering epithelium, parenchyma of hamster ovary is similar to another mammal, and zuna plucida is forming in primary follicles when two cuboidal cell layers are observed around oocytes. Finally, because hamsters has short living period in comparing to human, therefore they have low ovarian follicles and oocytes but hamster ovarian follicles and oocyte were similar to human follicles and oocyte in histologic characteristics.

Alzheimer disease is a progressive and irreversible neuropsychiatric disorder. Melissa Officinalis improves anxiety and clinical dementia symptoms caused by AD; therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Mellisa extract on spatial memory deficit induced by STZ in MWM examination of male wistar rats. In the present study, 112 male wistar rats (220-270g) were used. Spatial learning deficit was induced by bilateral ICV injection of STZ (3mg/kg) via cannula; then, the Melissa extract in different doses administrated by gavage; and Morris Water Maze for measurement of spatial learning parameters was performed. The results of this study demonstrated that gavage of the 200mg/kg of Melissa officinalis in combination with STZ, followed by significant reduction in two parameters: Time and Distance. Totally, the data indicate possible therapeutic value of M. officinalis extract on spatial learning improvement.

Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapy drug with several side effects on various organs such as male reproductive system that can cause infertility. In this study, we assessed combined effect of ginger and pumpkin extractson rat testis after CP injection. Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: The control group received intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline solution. The cyclophosphamide (CP) group received a single dose of cyclophosphamide (100 mg kg_1BW) intraperitoneally. Combined extracts (ginger+ pumpkin) group received orally 300 mg combined extracts and combined extracts(ginger+ pumpkin) +CP groups received orally 300 mg combined extracts for a period of 6 weeks after CP injection. Our results showed that although ginger extract could not change testis weight, testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS, antioxidant level in serum was increased significantly. Epithelium thickness and tube diameter were decreased in combined groups with or without CP in comparison to control group. The combined extract could improve histological changes in both combined extract and combined extract+ CP compared to CP group, which could be attributed to the higher serum level of antioxidants. The administration of combined extracts can increase the serum antioxidant level and decrease the side effects of CP on testis.

Significant increase in usage of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products, has increased its exposures to human and animals. Although there are some reports regarding the effects of AgNPs on complex organisms, no report was found as to its effects on neurobehavioral ontogeny. To investigate the effects of maternal exposure to AgNPs on development of neurobehavioral reflexes as well as physical indexes of growthand development during preweaning period, virgin female NMRI mice were treated with zero, 5 and 50 μg/mouse AgNPs. AgNPs were injected subcutaneously (S.C) to female mice, immediately following male exposure and at once every three days until parturition. Reproductive performance of dams were assessed and home cage activity and developmental landmarks of all pups were observed daily. Gross necropsy was performed on the 28th day. No significant differences were observed in dams'' and pups'' weight. Survival rate was decreased (p<0.05) in NP5 group and a clear hyperactivity was observed in NP50 group. Prenatal exposure to AgNPs delayed the development of the some pups'' neurobehavioral reflexes which were supposed to take place during the first four days following birth. The weight of spleen was decreased in AgNPs treated mice and the weight of liver was increased in male offspring who was exposed to AgNPs before birth. This study revealed that prenatal exposure to AgNPs delayed neurobehavioral development during the early stages of the pre-weaning period. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to alteration of lymphoid organ and liver weights of offspring.

Endometriosis is a prevalent gynecological disorder among women which is diagnosed by the growth of endometrial tissue outside of uterus and is mainly accompanied by severe pelvic pain and infertility. P53 also known as cellular tumor antigen P53 inside codons 11, 72 and 248 are contained with single nucleotide changes in which tends to be nearly rampant.This will probably be increasing the chances of endometriosis infection to some great extent. Our aim was to evaluate the connection between endometriosis and polymorphism inside the codons 11, 72 and 248 of P53 gene. In this study, single nucleotide changes in codons 11, 72 and 284 of TP53 gene among 44 persons infected with endometriosis and the same studying population for noninfected group have been examined. After primer design and amplification of polymorphic sequences by PCR, the polymorphisms of related codons have been evaluated by the digestion method (RFLP). In this study on the codon 72, there were seen differences in the distribution of genotype frequencies of normal polymorphic subjects and control subjects with endometriosis. At codons 11 and 248, there were observed no significant correlations between polymorphic and normal genotypes of endometriosis and non-endometriosis groups. According to the results, we can say that probably polymorphism of codon 72 of p53 gene is one of the predisposing factors of endometriosis.

To improve anatomical atlases, we tried to create a printable 3D atlas of rabbit''s anatomy based on the Anaglyph. In this study, twenty white rabbits euthanized and dissected. All 3D images were reconstructed by means of «stereo photo maker (SPM®)» software. By this atlas, users can easily understand nomenclature, the topography and, certainly, the transposition of the anatomical structures in each image even if they are not at the dissecting room. The novelty of this atlas may encourage students to spend more time and concentrate on the material more as opposed to the classical atlases, thereby, leading to better understanding of anatomy. It is worth mentioning that this atlas has been prepared as an example for other works.