نشریه ورزش و علوم زیست حرکتی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، پاییز و زمستان 1393)

Sleep is an important physiological process that had a profound impact on‌‌ physical and mental health of individuals. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 30 hours of sleep deprivation on fitness factors related motor skill such as: speed, power, balance, agility, visual reaction time and neuromuscular coordination on active male college. This quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test was used. 32 active male Tabriz college (age 22±1 years, Height 1/78±0/06 meter, weight 72/4±7/3 kilograms and BMI 22/7±0/4) were randomly divided into Two groups of 16 people (control and sleepless) groups. After the first day at 12:00 pm, fitness tests administered to both groups, Subjects rested for three days and from 6:00 am to 12:00 am on the fourth day after the group spent a sleepless period. Then again at 12:00 pm on the fifth day of every fitness test, both groups were performed. For statistical analysis software SPSS17 and paired t-test was used 30 hours of sleep deprivation significantly increase velocity of 36 m test time, timing agility and reaction time (P<0/05) and significantly decrease Sargent jump height, static balance, and rating was throwing darts (P<0/05) subjects. 30 hours of sleep deprivation can cause reduction in physical performance. Therefore, athletes and non-athletes should get enough sleep to prevent performance decline in activities that require speed, power, balance, agility, reaction time and neuromuscular coordination they need.

Introduiction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anabolic hormonal adaptation after different order of concurrent training in older women. 40 healthy elderly women (age: 60.34±0.82, height: 155±0.01 cm, weight:71.72±1.89 kg And BMI: 29.45±0.63) were randomly placed into four groups, strength + endurance (S+E) (n=10), endurance + strength (E+S) (n=9) interval training (IT) (n=12) and control (n=9) groups. Training program done eight week, 3 times per week. Endurance training done on a cycle ergometer (intensity: 61-88 % MHR) and strength training involved several upper and lower body workout(intensity:40-75 1RM, 8-18 repeat). IGF-1, GH, insulin, norepinephrine and testosterone were assessed 24 hours before and 48 hours after training period. The results showed that IGF-1 increased significantly in E+S and S+E groups (P≤0.05). In all groups GH, insulin and norepinephrine concentrations did not significantly changed (P≥0.05). Testosterone serum concentrations significantly decrease after S+E training group (P≤0.05). Results of one-way ANOVA showed that testosterone was significantly different between E+S and IT training programs. According to the results of this study, order of combined training could influence anabolic hormonal adaptation induce by exercise training and the degree of percentage of these changes was more in E+S group rather than other groups.

The purpose of this study was to compare some anthropometric, physical - motor and skill factors in football players junior 10-13 years in two levels of successful and non-successful in South Khorasan province. Anthropometric Factors (weight, height, length and circumference of the thigh and leg), were measured using by standard accessories. The physical – motor test were include of 36 meters speed test, 4×9 meters agility test, and 20 meter shuttle run. Moreover, skill tests as Moore-Christian index, including dribbling, shooting and passing were measured. Independent t-test and Kolmogorov - Smirnov significant level (P <0/05), was used to analyze the results. The results indicated significant differences between Successful and non-successful players in both the Physical - Motor characteristics and skills (P <0/05). But no significant differences were found in anthropometric characteristics (P >0/05). The Successful players also indicated significantly better performance in comparison with non- Successful players (P <0/05) in some parameters as agility, dribbling, passing and shooting. These findings suggest that a range of tests can successfully used for differentiation between Successful footballers players from non- Successful counterparts in the early distinctive age’s junior. Discussion and Based on these results, it can be said that agility and some skill techniques such as dribbling, shooting and passing can be considered as important factors for selecting high level players in the junior football players. It is proposed to process more emphasis on talent under 13 years of age and comparing technical expertise and physical players based on anthropometric factors to be avoided.

Background & The aim of present study was to examine the effect of resistance training on Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels of plasma and cardiac muscle in male Wistar rats. S1P is a bioactive platelet-derived sphingolipid that is involved in regulation of proliferation, differentiation, Hypertrophy and anti-apoptosis of cells and activation of satellite cells. Twenty four 8-week-old male Wistar rats were used in this study. The initial body weight of rats was 190–250 gr. All animals were maintained in pairs in an environmentally controlled room at 22°C, 12:12-h photoperiod cycle and allowed normal cage activity. The animals were fed standard rat chow and water ad libitum. After a week of acclimation to the animal facility, the rats were assigned randomly to a control (N=12) or training (N=12) group. Resistance training was done using a 1 meter height ladder with 2 cm grid with an 85 degree incline, and weights attached to rat's tails. The content of sphingosine-1- phosphate (S1P) present in the chloroform layer was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Resistance exercise training increased the total content of S1P in cardiac muscle (P=0.08) in comparison to control group. This increase was not significant, but was close to significance. The level of this factor was significantly increased in plasma following resistance training. According to structural and functional roles of this sphingolipid and because of its increase after resistance training, and as it is the first study in this area, future studies with different resistance training programs or higher number of subjects may show the accurate roles of this factor in heart muscle adaptation to increased level of activity.

The aim of the present study was to investigate TGF-β1 protein expression in gastronomies muscle following high intensity interval training (HIIT) and its concomitant with oxidation of intramuscular triglycerides (ITGM). Forty male Wister rats (8-week-old) were randomly divided into two control (n=8) and trained (n=32) groups. The trained animals performed one session exercise including ten 2-min intervals at intensity corresponding to 90% of their peak speed with one minute of rest between intervals. The 32 rats from trained animals were dissected at time points of immediately, 3, 10 and 24 hours after the training, their middle gastronomies muscle were exited and blood samples were directly collected from the heart. Adipose triglyceride lipase enzyme (ATGL) and TGF-β1 expressions in middle gastronomies were measured by ELISA technique. Between groups differences were studied by One Way ANOVA test. Protein expressions of TGF-β1 and ATGL in the gastronomies muscle of control group were 8.08±1.2 Pg/mg (total protein) and 0.095±0.01 ng/mg (total protein), respectively. Protein expressions of both factors was significantly higher 10 and 24 hours after high interval training in comparison to the control group (P<0.01). The serum level of TGF-β1 in the control group was 98.2±10.5 ng/ml. It reached to 248±21.3 and 180±14.5 ng/ml immediately and 3 hours after HITT, respectively, and was significantly higher in comparison to the control levels (P<0.01). In response to HIIT, TGF-β1 expression in muscle increases parallel with ATGL enzyme levels. Regarding to the role of ATGL in hydrolyzing of intramuscular triglycerides, TGF-β1 is probably an involved factor in regulating of IMTG oxidation after HIIT.

Introduction and Resistance exercise is a potent stimulus for acute metabolic hormones such as testosterone and cortisol concentrations increasing. The aim of this study was to examine the acute testosterone and cortisol responses to both forms of volume and strength resistance training to develop and evaluate protocols for athletes and non-athletes. For this purpose, 20 young non-athletes male were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. In two separate sessions, cross-sectional, volume and strength exercise was administered to both groups. In the first week, group 1 performed; the volume training (70% of One Repetition maximal, 4 set, 1 min rest) and Group 2; strength training (90% of One Repetition maximal, 8 set, 3 min rest), in the second week, the groups changed. Exercise protocol was squat and bench press. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after each session for testosterone and cortisol measure. Testosterone increased after each training method, but only after resistance training it was significant. Cortisol significantly increased after each training method. Testosterone/ cortisol decreased significantly after both procedures. But the concentration of testosterone, cortisol and Testosterone/ cortisol between groups was not significant (p<0/05).Discussion and The results showed that both forms of volume and strength resistance training caused acute hormonal responses, but were not significant. Meanwhile both were stressful and put body into a catabolic situation.

Nesfatin-1 is an adipocain expressed in hypothalamus which is the main center for appetite adjustment and energy balance. This research aimed at studying the effects of a series of aerobic exercises on body compounds and nesfatin-1 serum in obese men. The research was a semi-experimental one where nineteen men aged 20 – 40 with BMI≥30 were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. First, the examinees’ height, weight, BMI, fat percentage and blood samples were taken in order to measure nesfatin-1, insulin, glucose and resistance to insulin. Then, the examinees in the experimental group participated in the aerobic exercise program. The tools used in this research included height meter, composition air set, Elisa kit and DRG kit. The t, u, Mann-Whitney and sign tests were used to compare data at p<0.05. The data were analyzed using SPSS19. After 12 weeks, the weight, fat percentage and BMI reduced significantly in both the experimental and control groups. Comparing the experimental and control groups, the weight, fat percentage and BMI averages were significantly different. All the mentioned variables were insignificant in the control group. However, no significant changes were observed in glucose, insulin, resistance to insulin and nesfatin-1 levels. According to the findings, in spite of the effects of aerobic exercises leading to weight, fat percentage and BMI reduction, no significant effect on glucose, insulin, resistance to insulin and nesfatin-1 levels in obese men were observed.