فصلنامه پرستاری سالمندان
سال یکم شماره 2 (زمستان 1393)

Introduction and Aging of the population and elderly is accompanied with several related problems. One of the prevalent problems among elderly is the insecure lifestyle which is also a key factor in mental disorders such as depression (a common mental disorder). Therefore، the aim of this study was to identify the difference in attachment styles of elderly who are living at home in comparison with nursing home residents. This Causal-Comparative study was conducted among seniors in the province of Semnan. We included 40 elderly (with two equal groups from nursing resident and elderly who were living at home) using the convenience sampling method. Samples were matched in terms of their age and sex. Data were collected using the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The mean age of participants in this study was 68±16 years old. Our findings revealed that there are significant differences between secure attachment with avoidant and anxiety attachment in nursing home residents in comparison with the elderly who are living at home. Elderly people with anxiety and avoidant attachment experience the negative attitudes more than elderly with secure attachment. Nevertheless، there is no significant difference between anxiety and avoidant attachment in terms of their negative attitudes. In general، people with insecure attachment are more vulnerable to experience depression and mental disorders.

Introduction and Spiritual well-being is one of the most important aspects of health that makes the integration and coordination of all aspects. However، the increasing number of elderly and consequently the institutionalized elderly it is important to paid more attention to their health. This study was conducted to determine spiritual well being of the elderly living in Kahrizak charity. This cross-sectional study was done upon 141 elderly people resident in Kahrizak nursing home that were selected by census to participate in this study. Questionnaires were completed by interview. Spiritual well-being questionnaires of Paloutzian and Ellison used for measuring spiritual well-being and evaluated its relationship with variables of age، sex، marriage، education and duration of resident in nursing home. The results showed that the spiritual well being of the participants at the intermediate level and above، and the average score of spiritual well being was 96/26 ± 17/93. As the results of ANOVA and independent t-test showed that the spiritual health of the participants is not associated with any of the demographic variables. Most of our participants in this study had an intermediate or high level of the spiritual well-being score. Based on the findings from the current study it is suggest to develop an concise elderly care model considering socio – cultural، scientific elements as well as characteristics of Iranian elderly.

Introduction and Nowadays، the issue of good health status in the fields of physical and psychological aging is getting global attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks Pilates training on depression treatment among sedentary retired workmen. This study was a semi-experimental design in which، thirty non-athletic elderly men were included. In a randomized sampling، the subjects were selected among elderly who referred to the Amir Kabir psychiatry center in Kashan and only those elderly with a registered medical record were eligible to be included in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. Level of Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI-S-13). The experimental group received 8 weeks of Pilates training while، the controls received no exercise training. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normal distribution of our data and effectiveness of Pilates training was evaluated using ANOVA with significance level of α=0. 05. the mean age of sample was age 62. 96 ± 2. 88. Significant differences were observed in depression score of the experimental group in post-tests (P≤0. 001). However، no significant difference was observed in the control group (P≥0. 05). In general، eight weeks Pilates training program improved depression among retired workmen. The Pilates training is suggested as a noninvasive، non-medication and preventive method for the elderly who are suffering from depression.

Introduction and Having cancer is an unpleasant experience which can upset several aspects of patients’ life، such as decreasing level of hope and life satisfaction. It seems that spiritual well-being can positively affect patients’ life by increasing their level of hope and life satisfaction. Thereby، this study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being components and religious attitude with life satisfaction in patients with cancer. In this cross-sectional study، 100 patients with cancer were selected using the sequential convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a four-part questionnaire (demographic، Ellison and pollution Spiritual well-being، Herth hope index and life satisfaction Inventory-Z). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16. 0. Mean age of patients in this study was 62. 59±10. 77 years. Mean scores of life satisfaction and hope were 16. 03±5. 58 and 40. 21±5. 32، respectively that showed significant relationships with gender. The mean of total Spiritual well-being was 87. 48±12. 11 while، the mean of its component was 44. 70±6. 20 for religious well-being and 42. 78±7. 57 for existential well-being. There were significant and positive correlations between the Spiritual well-being with hope and life satisfaction. The results of this study emphasized on the importance of the both religious and existential well-being in increasing level of hope and life satisfaction among cancer patients. It is suggested to empower patients with such abilities during hospitalization، treatment and rehabilitation. In addition، nurses and clinical specialist are recommended to get familiar with cares that enhance spiritual well-being of patients with cancer.

Introduction and One of the important issues emerged in the international health care system is aging of the population. The role of nurses as professional care-providers for aged people، who are considered as major consumers of health care services، is very important. Thereby، this study aimed to assess nurses'' knowledge on aging- related facts. This descriptive-analytic study conducted among 144 nurses working at two educational hospitals in Bushehr. Nurses'' knowledge was measured using the FAQI Palmor self-administrated questionnaires which is a valid and reliable tool. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical (ANOVA and Independent T) statistics. Our findings showed that out of 25 questions in the FAQI questionnaire، the minimum and maximum correct response was 6 and 17 respectively، with a reported mean score of 10. 68 ± 2. 29. The majority of nurses (82%) had a moderate level of knowledge (9-17 points) and none of them had a high level of knowledge (above 17 points). Nurses’ performance might be adversely affected by lack of knowledge. The results of this study would help us to clearly identify those areas of weaknesses that required to be improved for providing high quality care to the vulnerable group of elderly. In order to generalize the results of this study، it would be beneficial to conduct further studies with larger sample size as well as simultaneous evaluation of nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward aging.

Introduction and Self efficacy is associated with psychological aspects of elderly’s life، such as health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the seniors’ self-efficacy between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Shahrekord. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 women and men aged more than 60 years old. Sherer’s New General Self-efficacy scale (NGSES) was used to measure the self-efficacy and data were analyzed using SPSS 16. According to the results of this study، mean of self-efficacy was 51. 76 ± 11 for non-institutionalized elderly. However، mean of self-efficacy for institutionalized elderly was 48 48. 44±5. 26. There was a significant correlation between score of self-efficacy among institutionalized elderly and female gender (p=0. 035)، history of live in rural areas (p=0. 041)، and more level of satisfaction with the nursing home (P=0. 048). The lower score of self-efficacy in institutionalized elderly indicates that authorities should pay more attention toward the needs and demands of elderly residing in nursing homes. On the other hand، it is beneficial to educate publics on adherence to the type of living arrangement in which aged members stay with the family till their last day.

Introduction and Limitations of old age and chronic illnesses lead to frequent use of both inpatient and outpatient health services. Nurses’ attitude toward providing comprehensive and quality care as well as assessment of patients'' needs is of great importance. The aim of this study was to assess the nurses'' attitudes towards supportive needs of elderly patients admitted to hospitals at the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 1392. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 nurses working in hospitals of the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The participants in the present study were selected by census method. Data were collected using a questionnaire that designed by researchers and consisted of two parts including demographic characteristics and supportive needs of elderly. The supportive needs of elderly composed of three domains named physical، psychological and spiritual need. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics، ANOVA، t-test and Pearson Correlation using SPSS 19. The mean age of nurses participated in this study was 29. 80±5. 317 years and %86 of them were female. The majority of nurses reported positive attitude toward physical and spiritual needs of elderly. However، nurses’ attitude toward psychological needs of elderly was mainly neutral. Our findings showed that there is a significant and positive association between age and experience of nurses with nurses’ attitudes in all three domains of physical، spiritual and psychological needs (p <0. 0 5). According to the findings of this study، nurses’ attitude toward physical and spiritual needs of elderly was mainly positive، while it was neutral for emotional needs. Therefore، it is recommended to promote nurses’ attitude toward emotional needs of hospitalized elderly in order to meet patients’ psychological demands and maintain their dignity.

Introduction and Spiritual well-being is one of the main elements in human health which is influenced by a variety of factors. Spirituality plays an important role in identifying purpose of life، increasing life expectancy and improving quality of life. Thereby، this study aimed to investigate spiritual well-being and its associated factors among elderly living in the city of Kashan. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 elderly (above 60 years old) who were utilizing the community health centers of Kashan، Iran in 2014. The participants were selected by multiple-stage cluster sampling method and the cluster sizes were different according to gender and living area. The demographic characteristics and spiritual well-being (SWB) measured via standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13. Descriptive statistics، Kolmogorov-Smirnov test، spearman correlation coefficient، Kruskal-Wallis test، Mann-Whitney U test، Friedman test and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. The significance level for all of the statistical tests were set at p<0. 05. In the present study، 290 (58%) participants were male and mean age of the subjects was 72. 07±9. 03 years. Majority of the participants (85. 2%، N= 426) in this study reported moderate level of spiritual well-being while، only 74 (14. 8%) of them reported high level. The most influence effect dimension in spiritual health relate to existential well-being (p=0. 0001، Beta= 0. 567). Our findings revealed significant relationships between spiritual well-being score and the following variables; gender (p=0. 0001)، marital status (p=0. 02)، number of children (p=0. 0001)، income (p=0. 012) and being employed at the time of study (P=0. 05). The spiritual health of elderly was higher among male، married individual، having high level of existential well-being، being employed as well as having incoming. Therefore، empowering elderly with higher levels of existential well-being within the religious programs may produce better results.