فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و آمایش فضا
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 86، زمستان 1393)

Coincided with the rise of Reza Pahlavi of Iran، bureaucratic centralist political system was the main character. This has remained the same since the 1357 revolution. After the revolution in Iran، qualified reference to change divisions at the provincial level، the Parliament is. The aim of this research is an interdisciplinary science of geo-political and regional divisions in order to identify the reasons that influence how it is formulated. This method is a combination of documentary and qualitative content analysis in terms of its scope and subject matter of space consists of four elements of abstraction، naming، defining and determining the center of the new province. Question of observer study on what factors discussed in open session of Parliament to determine the four elements of the political organization of space is. The results show that the components of population، area، radius، and downsizing the administrative center for the placement of a homogeneous، isotropic component identification and adjacent areas to determine the range of parameters and indicators in determining the administrative center of the components of cultural identity (ethnic - linguistic) identity and political authority in determining the portion of the name. The components have influence in the political space. Overall، «The Geography of strength and support» decisive role in the formation of the Province، said. In addition، the expression of R observer is the fact that the approach to the abstraction mechanisms in Iranian law provinces and territorial units is shrinking.

The world today is facing with the crisis of resource destruction. The Optimal utilization of natural resources and regulation of land use based on their ecological potential has important role in environmental management and prevent their destruction in order to sustainable development. Assessment of ecological potential as the core of environmental studies provides a good platform for environmental planning. In this field، geographic information system with high capacity in the management of new outcomes is proposed as an effective tool in environmental planning. In this research، using the criteria of soil، climate، percent slope، type of vegetation cover and water source، agricultural ecological potential of khaeiz region was assessed by using multi criteria decision methods in GIS environment. For this purpose، methods of AHP، FUZZY AHP_Buckley and Fuzzy membership functions were used for standardization and determination the weights of criteria. The results showed that in AHP method، only 3% of the area of a region is suitable for agricultural use which is more consistent with the reality while in method of AHP، 10% of the area of a region has been favorable. Therefore، can conclude that FUZZY AHP method has higher capacity in determining of suitable areas for agricultural use.

One of the reasons for the failure of many poverty and inequality reduction programs in developing countries is due to the dominant income-based measurement approach. Therefore، the main cause of poverty is not only a consequence of lack of income، but is also the result of the deprivation of capabilities to get out of poverty. The aim of this study is zoning the incidence and intensity of multidimensional poverty in Iran rural and urban areas and comparing with the results of income per capita indicator classification. The results show that the incidence and intensity of poverty in Iran is respectively 12. 3% and 30. 6%. Poverty is more prevalent in rural areas compared to urban areas with about 21. 4% of the rural households considered poor compared to 5. 86% of urban households. The poorest province is Sistan and Baluchestan (S&B) and there are more poorer households in the southeastern provinces. Comparing the classification results of the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) and income per capita indicator displays low overlap. Given the importance of identifying the most vulnerable households in Iran، the MPI seem to offers more valuable and different information to the policy makers، regardless of the problems in measuring the households'' income and wealth.

Today because of the lack of rainfall over a several year period، excess pumping of water and use of excess groundwater in addition to poor management، it is of utmost importance to pay attention to the quantity and quality of groundwater. In this research we have emphasized one of the most important agricultural areas، Parishan Plain located in Fars Province، Iran. For this purpose، data was collected from 1382-1390 and the contour map and additional characteristics were calculated by interpolation and the use of IDW and GIS. We additionally used SPI to estimate the intensity and duration of climatic dryness. To determine the gradual drawdown the hydrograph from a piezometer (observation) well in Parishan Plain was used. Based on the collected data، the drawdown was approximately 6. 25 m from 1382-1390. The hydrograph showed that from 1382-1383 the water table increased by 2. 03 m; from 1383-1389 the water table fell by 7. 93 m; and from 1389-1390 the water table rose by 0. 26 m. Water quality decreased، particularly from 1386-90 due to the dry years and water table drawdown.

The main purpose of this study was to assessment of the role and function of training programs to accelerate of the process to achieve agricultural sustainable development in Rural Areas of Oramanat. The population of this study equal to 130 persons from rural area of Oramanat (Javanrood، Ravansar، Pave، Salas and Babajani) in Kermanshah province. This research was conducted in the framework of the applied approach with the methodology of a descriptive-analyzed research method. Based on Morgan table، 100 persons were chosen as the sample size and random sampling method were applied. Research tools include questionnaire and its validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of the professor''s universities and experts of executive organizations. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cranach’s alpha test t، α was 0. 98 respectively. The research findings showed that there was significant relationship between male and female، level of education، ones that watched television training programs and those who did not watched، and also، between farmers of different cities of Oramanat to variable the effectiveness of training programs. Also، according to Kirkpatrick model from the perspective of villagers، items affecting on training programs and used of new methods of agriculture، interviews with sample farmers، confide to recommendations of experts of training program، degree of acceptance and applied to this recommendations and Transmitting educational messages to the simplest form of to farmers، were assessed at medium to high.

Administrative divisions and units of the relationship between the forms from there. This means that the distance from the focal units will be reduced to the fringes of development intensity. In other words، there is a relationship between distance and underdevelopment. Research results show that the studied provinces in GIS environment away from the، Unitary center، the degree of reduced units، divisions and the degree of underdevelopment which are added. This research is a descriptive - analytic study. This study analyzes the level of the counties in each province. Resource library of documents and research data are taken from the Statistical Center of Iran. Main research question: Is the divisions between geographical distance in units of the level of development they are related? The main research question is therefore not one-dimensional sub-questions. The research hypothesis: It seems that with increasing geographical distance in units of the intensity is reduced provincial divisions and units within divisions city in the most distant provinces studied، the most underdeveloped units are divisions. The methods used in the research method used in this study combines the method of scoring services at the provincial level units، each unit being assessed at intervals over the political center of the provincial level that are given below.

A wide variety of barchan dunes are found in south part of Haj Ali GHoli playa، in central part of Semnan province. Barchan dunes of this area have been formed from quick sand، and with maintain of their crescent shape migrate along prevailing wind. Therefore displacement and lateral movements with annual typical trend is the most important of their characteristics.. The Purpose of this Research is Simulation of Barchan movement Using artificial neural networks. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is a non-linear model that acts similar to a human neural system. In recent years، artificial neural networks have become one of the most promising tools in order to model complex processes such as movement of phenomenas. In many studies، ANNs have demonstrated superior results compared to alternative methods. Obtained results illustrate that ANN predicting model is an applicable tool in predicting ofmovement of phenomenas. In order to check the sensitivity of the ANN prediction model movement of 100 Barchan measured. %70 for training and %30 for validation. In order to evaluate the accuracy of ANN model، observed and predicted data were compared and analyzed. The best accuracy of the model was 0/996. It indicate that ANN prediction model is an applicable tool in predicting of movement of phenomenas.