نشریه طب انتظامی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 11، زمستان 1393)

Curcumin with the scientific name of diferuloylmethane، is the main component of turmeric (curcuma longa) that has anti-cancer properties such as inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis activation. However، its poor absorption and low stability in the body، has limited its pharmaceutical application. The aim of current study، is the evaluation of apoptotic potential of dendrosomal nano-curcumin compared to void curcumin. Gastric cancer cell lines (AGS) were treated with 10، 20، 30 µΜ of dendrosomal nano-curcumin at intervals of 24 ad 48 h. Then، the quantitative expression of genes Bax، Bcl2 and B2m as internal control were evaluated by Real Time PCR. Dendrosomal nano-curcumin relatively downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 gene and meaningfully upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX gene in a time and dose dependent manner. Therfore، the relative expression of BAX/Bcl2 showed a meaningful increase in concentration of 30 µΜ and 48 hours compared to void curcumin. The results show that the death of cancerous cells treated with nano-curcumin is due to the increase in expression ratio of BAX/Bcl2 and apoptosis that beside our previous reports، strengthen the therapeutic potential of this new nano compound of curcumin.

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic compounds that are produced by Aspergillus flvaus and A. parasiticus fungi growing on foods. Among variety of known aflatoxins, aflatoxin B1 has been reported as the most carcinogenic compounds. This toxin can enter human body through contaminated food. The mammary tissue is one of the body tissues that aflatoxin B1 can penetrate. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are two major effective genes mammary gland tumor suppression, so expression of these genes can be affected by aflatoxin B1. In order to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin B1 on BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes expression, normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMEC) were cultured as monolayer. After 10 days, monolayer cells culture reached suitable amount and was passaged for treatment to 16 flasks 25cm2 (four treatments with four replicates for each one). After proper cells growth, three treatments, 15, 25 and 35 µl of aflatoxin B1 were added to the flasks and then, cells were separated for extraction of RNA, cDNA and Real time PCR performance after 24 hours. MTT assay was performed to measure cell viability. The results showed that all three concentrations decreased the expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (P<0.0001). In addition, the results of MTT assay showed that cell viability was reduced with increasing concentration of toxin and duration of exposure. According to the results, it seems that aflatoxin B1 can increase the risk of breast cancer by reducing expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.

Antibodies play a major role in the immunotherapy, basic researches and industrial processes. Studying interactions between antibody-antigen complexes is important to know how they function that helps to improve their properties and to design new better antibodies through rational engineering for therapeutic or biotechnological applications, including the production of biosensors. Nowadays, Antibody Engineering is widely used in many fields such as medicine, criminal sciences, military, defense industries, etc. Designing antibodies with desired properties are a challenging task. Computational docking is the method of predicting the conformation of a complex structure (such as antibody-antigen) from its separated elements. The validation of designed antibodies is carried out by docking tools. In this study, some potent nanobodies against death receptor5 (DR5) which had been selected using phage display technique, were modeled and docked with their antigen, then were mutated to improve their binding affinity. Based on the experimental results, docking structural prediction of DR5-VHH complex was used for designing and validation of VHHs with higher affinity for binding to DR5 receptor. By analysis of the models, several mutants of nanobodies were designed, and their properties improved in a predictable manner especially for their binding ability to DR5. The designed nanobodies, considering their binding site on DR5, could be potential candidates to trigger apoptosis in various cancer cells.

The purpose of this study was to consider the effects of Selected Program of Basic Preparation on the prevalence of common physical injuries in students of Amin University of Police. 300 preparatory 2010 male students of Amin University of Police were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 150) and control (n = 150) with the following means and standard deviations; age: 19.62 ± 1.03 (years), height 176.57 ± 4.69 (cm), and weight 66.26 ± 6.63 (Kg). Injury questionnaire was used for data collection. Selected and Common programs of Basic Preparation were carried out under the supervision of a trainer for eight weeks. Obtained data were statistically analyzed through t Test at significance level of P ≤ 0.05. The results showed that lower body with 54.61% more than other parts of the body of the study samples had been injured during training and muscles with 63.13% more than other parts had been exposed to injury. The lower extremities with 57.41, 43.95, 57.64, 56.56 percent, respectively, involved the most common injury to the bone, skin, muscle and joint accounts during training. In addition, common skeletal upper body injuries (P = 0.013), common skeletal trunk injuries (P = 0.003), common skeletal lower body injuries (P < 0.001), common muscular upper body injuries (P < 0.001), common muscular trunk body injuries (P < 0.001), common muscular lower body injuries (P < 0.001), common joint upper body injuries (P = 0.001), common joint trunk body injuries (P < 0.001), common joint lower body injuries (P < 0.001), were significantly reduced subsequent to the termination of the selected training program. The results suggest that the lower extremities have been injured more than other parts of the body during training. Also, compare to common programs, probable risk of student's injury in Selected Program of Basic Preparation is less, which requires more attention of the Country's military high-ranking officials in applying the Selected Program of Basic Preparation.

Promoting mental health and preventing staffs from mental health problems are important tasks for military commanders and mental health professionals in the military organizations. This objective requires the establishment of information networks and systems of efficient data collection and determining the indicators of mental health in military personnel. This study was conducted to determine the mental health indicators in military personnel. This study was performed based on Q methodology in six stages: 1. Development of Q Sample Statements, 2. Selection of Participants (30 professionals in the Military organizations) for the Q Sort using Judgement Sampling method, 3. Q-sorting in a 9-degree range based on indicator's significance, 4. Data entry using SPSS, 5. Statistical analysis through the extraction of Q sorts, (the Principal Components Analysis method was used), 6. Factor Interpretation. 32 mental health indicators were determined in mental health system of military forces in four categories: mental health status, mental health factors, spiritual and health behaviors, using health services. This study, as a basic research, was carried out to develop mental health indicators in military forces. The results expressed the present mental health status of military organizations. In addition, indicators obtained in this study can be used in the present mental health status assessment, future plans and policies, mental health information updates, scientific comparisons, and mental health services supervision and assessment aiming mental health quality promotion in military forces.

Recognition of the factors related to doing preventive behaviors against children tendency to addictive drug such as role of parents is necessary. This study was performed aiming to determine the role of fathers in prevention of children tendency toward addictive drugs based on theory of planned behavior. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research community was Yazd fathers in a sample of 180 that were selected by multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire in three parts, seven demographic questions, attitude; four items, subjective norms; four items, perceived behavioral control; two items, behavioral intention; five items and nine questions of behavior completed in self-report. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-18 such as; independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α = 0.05. The age range of participants was 30-59 years with the mean of 40.38±5.34. Items that achieved highest scores; necessity to do behavior in attitude section, confirmed wives in subjective norms section, difficulty of doing behavior in perceived behavioral control section, beginning behavior from tomorrow in behavioral intention section and creating heartily relationship with children in behavior section to prevent children from tendency toward addictive drugs. The highest score was achieved in subjective norms structure. Attitude of fathers who were employees, homeowners and with a bachelor's degree or higher level of education, perceived behavioral control of fathers with no history of addiction in family or friends, divorced father's behavioral intention, and father's behavior with a bachelor's degree or higher level of education and with no history of substance abuse in family or friends were more positive in prevention of their children tendency to addictive drugs. Subjective norms and behavioral intention predicted 23.5% of the variance of the behavior. Subjective norms and behavioral intention, on which emphasis can help educational programs be more effective, were the most important factors in preventive behavior.

Occupational motivation is a set of energizing forces from within and outside of the person. It Initiates work-related behaviors and determines the shape, direction, intensity and persistence of them. The present study aimed to consider the relationship between goal-setting theory’s dimensions and occupational motivation of police staffs of Zanjan city. The statistical community of the present study consisted of police staffs working in the police organization of Zanjan Province during one year (April 2014 - April 2015). A sample of 182 police staffs was selected through Available Sampling and the study instruments were distributed among staffs and were completed by them. The instrument of this study was the goal-setting theory’s dimensions questionnaire which was prepared by the researchers through combining 9 different questionnaires. Data analysis indicated that all dimensions of goal-setting theory were significantly related to the occupational motivation of the police staffs of Zanjan city. It can be concluded that goal-setting theory appropriately explains the occupational motivation of Zanjan police staffs and the commanders and responsible officials in this organization can use these results in order to motivate the staffs.

Taking the necessity of reducing travel and treatment time, preventing from road accidents and penetrating inaccessible areas such as mountains into consideration, air rescue service providing advanced remedial measures facilities, plays an important role in reducing mortality. The purpose of this study is to consider time indicators of pre-hospital emergency care services to patients transported by Tehran Emergency helicopter to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran in 2014. This is a descriptive - observational study, the Tehran Emergency helicopter- 2014 transported patient's data of which have been taken from Emergency Data Center. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t, and binomial tests. A total of 175 patients were transferred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran in 134 air emergency service missions. Accident was the most common transfer cause (69%). Damavand Hospital, as the highest, accounted for 14.3% of the missions, so Haraz was the most prolific region in road accidents. Most of the missions were carried out at 11-13 AM and 1-3 PM. 63% of patients were transferred in tertiary times. The most taken remedial measures included: fixing the limbs (57.1%), the assessment of GCS (95.4%), bleeding control (62.3%), blood flow control (99.4%), breath control (93/7%) and opening the breath canal (46.3%). Average communication time was 7.26 minutes, average response time was 26.57, average scene time was 8.77 minutes, average transport time was 18.01 minutes and average rescue time was 51.83 minutes. The results showed that the time indicators of remedial measures were satisfactory and all kinds of time except shooting scene time were over standard. Occurrence of about half of the emergency air missions in only four specified points showed their accident proliferation.