فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، زمستان 1393)

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between life orientation with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Job Performance. The method of the study is a description of correlation. Statistical population included 1000 female teachers of the educational organization in district 2 in 2013-2014 during an academic year، a sample size of 278 people based on Morgan and Krejcie table was chosen by simple random sampling. Data and information were gathered by a job performance questionnaire designed by Mansoor (2001)، the OCB questionnaire designed by Poodsakoff and colleagues (1999) and the life orientation questionnaire designed by Antonovsky (1987). The correlation coefficient test and multiple regressions were used for analyzing data. After analyzing، results indicated that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between life orientation، OCB and job performance. Among life orientation components، manageability and meaningfulness have a direct and meaningful relation with job performance، a direct. Results also showed a meaningful relationship between OCB and all components of orientation.

The purpose of the present study was to represent gender roles in textbooks of sixth year. This study focuses on studying gender images and occupational roles according to both sexes. The Shannon entropy was used in content analysis method and analysis unit was context، questions، exercises، and illustrations and totally 829 pages were included. Statistical population included 9 textbooks in an academic year of 2013-2014 including Persian (reading)، Persian (writing)، Science، Heavenly Gift، Quran Learning، Math، Social Studies، Thinking and Research، Business and Technology. The sample consisted of eight textbooks: Persian (reading)، Persian (writing)، Science، Heavenly Gift، Quran، Social Studies، Thinking and Research Work Technology. The results of data analysis indicated that the job roles and images of books mostly belonged to men; however employment of women and their images are blurred and in some books are eliminated.

This study is based on a set of ideas in the field of Domestic Violence and explores the impact of some Social factors on Domestic Violence among people in Kashan. In this study، the Survey Method is used and the population of the research includes citizens who are between 18 to 50 years old in Kashan. The Sample Size consisted of 300 people، determined using Cochran formula. The results show that there is a significant correlation between social supports، quality of family relationships، spiritual and family values and family financial satisfaction (as independent variables) and Domestic Violence (as dependent variable)، at 99% level. In addition، Multivariate Analysis and Path Analysis indicated that Social Support، Spiritual and Family Values variables، directly، and variables of Quality of Family Relationships and Family Financial Satisfaction، indirectly، were associated with Family Violence. Finally، the recommendations of the study are presented. In this study، it is suggested that formal and informal institutions provide necessary backgrounds to deal with family abnormalities، particularly domestic violence، through increasing Social Supports and strengthening the spiritual and cultural contexts.

Studies indicate that attachment styles and conflict resolution styles can have a significant impact on the quality of the marital relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment style and marital conflict resolution styles and marital burnout. A correlative statistical method was used and statistical population included all married employees (750 people) working at Medical Science University of Kermanshah. The sample consisted of 160 married employees randomly selected and they were asked to fill out a Marital Burnout Questionnaire (CBM)، the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and the way to deal with conflict Inventory (ROCI-2) questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results indicated that anxiety and insecure attachment style and determined and expert conflict resolution style can have positive relations. The findings of this study show the role of attachment styles and conflict resolution as predictor variables and using these styles lead to prediction of marital burnout.

Due to the increasing presence of women in society and the importance of mental health and its relationship with marriage، this study conducted in 2014 aims to compare the psychological well-being and marital burnout of employed and unemployed women. For this study، 175 cases of primary teachers working at schools in Karaj and 175 Housewives were randomly selected by cluster method. Then their Psychological well-being and marital burnout were assessed using questionnaires. After collecting the data، descriptive statistics and independent t-test was used to analyze the data. Statistical Analysis revealed a significant difference between employed and unemployed women''s psychological well-being and couple burnout، so that working women had higher psychological well-being (p<0/01)، but the difference in Couple Burnout was more among housewives (p<0/05). Also psychological well-being of women employed in all components except the components of personal growth and autonomy of housewives was better. Comparison of marital burnout showed women working only in the mental burnout had significant differences with housewives and in other dimensions there was no significant difference between the two groups. It seems that if the job has negative characteristics such as long working hours and stress، there are not many positive effects on the psychological well-being of women. On the other hand، employment did not cause high fatigue and couples'' burnout in employed women. Therefore، providing facilities for social participation and job creation commensurate with women''s status can be effective for their well-being.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional regulation on happiness and self -efficacy of female -headed households. Method of the study was semi- empirical (pretest and posttest) with a control group. The statistical population included all female-headed households supported by the welfare organization of Yasuj and 30 of these women with multi-stage cluster sampling method were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups respectively. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Scherrer''s self-efficacy questionnaire were used to collect data. After randomly selecting test and control groups، emotional regulation training on the experimental group for 8 sessions of 90 minutes in 2 sessions per week was performed. After completing the curriculum، both groups were assessed. The data was statistically analyzed by using covariance analysis. The results showed that emotional regulation training with the control of pretest effect can increase happiness and self-efficacy among the experimental group compared with the control group. Emotional regulation skills contribute to have better performance in emotional situations and they experience more happiness and are more effective because they can control the situations better.

The study was carried out under sponsorship of Sediqin charity to examine the impact of self-encouragement training on promotion of assertiveness and general self-efficacy of household-headed females. Research method was semi-experimental and in the form of pretest and post-test with control group. Samples contained 28 household-headed women selected by voluntarily sampling and they were assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 120 minutes training whereas the control group didn''t receive any training. Both groups were evaluated by the assertiveness questionnaire of Gambril & Richy (1975) and General self-Efficacy scale (sherer، 1982) before and after training intervention. Results showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control group، and this difference is to trained group''s advantage. Self-encouragement training has significantly increased assertiveness skills and the general self-efficacy of household-headed females in experimental group. Self-encouragement training as a skill can promote assertiveness skills and the general self-efficacy، so beside other economic and social protections this training is also recommended to empower the household-headed women.

The aim of this study was to compare the culture of patriarchy and incompatible schemas between normal women and those attempting self-immolation in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. To conduct the research، 50 women who had burned themselves have been selected by census and 150 healthy and normal women have been selected by cluster method. The Young Maladaptive Schema questionnaire was used to assess personality characteristics. A 31-item questionnaire made by researcher was used for patriarchal culture and alpha''s validity and reliability of all was approved. Statistical methods for data analysis included factor analysis، Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and paired t-test. Causal comparative as a research design and MANOVA as a statistical method were applied. Data were analyzed. There are meaningful differences between incompatible schemas among normal women and those who set themselves on fire according to the statistical measures of the questionnaire (p<0. 01). Overall، there is a significant difference between incompatibility schemas of normal women and women attempting immolation and the rate difference is estimated as %35. Similarly، the culture of patriarchy had significant difference between two samples.