Dermal exposure is one of the prominent exposure routes in automotive repair. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can lead to adverse effects like cancers. Accordingly, it is necessary to evaluate these exposures.

In this study, application of DREAM method in three automotive repair jobs were investigated Dermal exposure through deposition, emission and transmission routes in all part of human body were calculated. Results for potential and actual exposure was evaluated in terms of jobs and grouped in different exposure groups were examined.

The highest emission exposure (μ = 31.97, SD = 27.28) and transition (μ = 8.79, SD = 6.3) was observed in the gearbox workers. Deposition was only observed in Electrician (μ = 0.54, SD = 0.94). Gearbox workers had highest potential and actual exposure via transmission route. Actual and potential exposure was highest in hand region. However, electricians had the highest degree of exposure in rest of body. Emission exposure was the main route of exposure in all groups.

DREAM can be used to evaluate dermal exposure causes and also assess the effectiveness of protective equipment. It also can identify areas that need improvement in protection. In this study there was no difference in actual and potential dermal exposure. It means that factors such as bad housekeeping, inappropriate use of protective equipments are the main causes and should be corrected.

Construction industry continues to rank among the most dangerous industries in the worldwide. The aim of this study was the development of a new scale for measuring the factors influencing on unsafe behavior in the construction industry from the perspective of experienced frontline workers, supervisors and managers. In the current qualitative and quantitative study, scale items were extracted from a qualitative study. Validity assessment was conducted through the content and construct validity. Correlation Coefficient (CC) and Cronbach’s alpha testes were used to internal consistency and stability, respectively. As well as, specificity and sensitivity assessment used to determining the cut of point. In the accordance of results from the qualitative, twelve components with factor value over 0.42 were extracted. These factors were explained 62 percent of total variance of unsafe behavior in the construction industry. Cronbach’s alpha and CC were 0.948 and 0.901, respectively. Coordinates of specificity and sensitivity points on ROC curve indicated 120.5 cut off point for new scale. For measurement of the factor influencing on unsafe behavior in the construction industry, we must use a valid and reliable instrument. The current scale is valid and reliable as well as specific and sensitive for this reason.

Increasing use of cell phone while driving is actually part of a disturbing trend of technological impact on reducing the driver's attention. Using the phone during driving increase crash probability between 3 to 6.5 times. Cell Phone may deviate drivers’ attention of the driving and it lead to a reduction in driver's situation awareness. The present study investigated the impact of Cell Phone on driver’s situation awareness and brake reaction time. For performing this study, 31 bus drivers drove in the bus driving simulator. Drivers’ situational awareness was measured by situation awareness global assessment technique. Gold Directed Task Analysis method used to analysis of driver’s cognitive tasks. The simulator was automatically recorded braking reaction time of the subjects. Results showed that all levels of drivers’ situation awareness significantly reduced after talking on the cellphone (p<0.001). It also became clear that talking mobile significantly increase drivers’ brake reaction time (p<0.001). Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant negatively correlation between levels 2 and 3, and total situation awareness and brake reaction time while cellphone conversation (p<0.05). Overall, this study showed that talking on mobile while driving can be detrimental effect on situation awareness and performance.

Interface analysis methods are used to assess the man-machine interface of a particular system, product or device. Interface analysis methods can be used to assess a number of different aspects associated with a particular interface, including usability and user satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usability level of gas chromatographs that are being used in the laboratory of a petrochemical company. In this article, the usability of two gas chromatography systems was evaluated by laboratory experts who work with these devices and respect to ISO9241-11 in which the usability is considered along three dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. The participant's satisfaction assessed using John Brooke's (1996) "System Usability Scale" questionnaire. SPSS 16.0 was used in the analysis of the data. The findings of this study demonstrated that both of the systems have acceptable levels of effectiveness and efficiency. Regarding the participant's satisfaction level, system 2 got higher score in compare with system 1. The results indicated that the participant's satisfaction scores are directly related to their work experiences with the systems. To assess the usability of a particular interface it is necessary to either make a comparison with another product or to define a target against which to make a judgment. The 10-item System Usability Scale (SUS) is a fast and reliable method to assess the usability.

Realization of the oil industries goals in the competitiveness field, addressing the threads of health, safety and environment has become one of the preferences for the oil industry in today's business. In this paper, the fuzzy logic model has been used to assess the factors influencing performance of the health, safety and environment in the oil refinery and their effects on occupational accidents in the workplace. The required data for the research were collected using the preparation of standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three main sections of HSE that are composed of fourteen subsections as input variables and also one output variable titled occupational accidents. A total number of 150 questionnaires were distributed to employees, of which 136 were returned. From these, 108 samples were used for training and 28 samples for testing of fuzzy logic model. The result revealed that the purposed fuzzy logic model has good performance for predicting of the occupational accidents in Tehran oil refinery. The proposed fuzzy logic model, as an organized decision making, could help managers to make decisions based on the opinions of staff and experts in the workplace which ultimately leads to more precise planning, reduction of accidents, saving time and money.

volatile organic compounds VOCs are emitted from a variety of sources and production may be impacted harmful to the health, welfare and human performance. No doubt the first step to controlling pollutants are measured and analyzed, because without full knowledge of the quality and quantity of pollutants compared with the limits and the possibilities of their control would not be practical.

This cross - sectional study was conducted in the chemical industry, dependent on oil. In this study from 18 complexes located in an industrial area about 346 air samples in winter 1391 And 370 samples were collected during the summer in 1392. In this study analyzed 14 volatile organic compound And a sampling from the compounds was performed according to the analysis methods of America National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Finally the samples were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MASS devices. Analysis of the results was performed using spss software version 16.

The mean of the majority of components in all the complex were estimated in summer more than in winter. Also, according to the results demonstrated, the mean ratio of benzene to BTX, BTEX, and total VOC highest percentage (64%) And xylene concentration ratio to these three variables, the lowest percentage (3 to 7%) in both summer and winter.

These results indicate that accumulation of a large number of complexes together and multiple sources of Released pollution in the region of producers increased air pollution in the region. So we are recommended the use of engineering solutions for reducing pollution.

Construction accidents place a large economic burden on owners, contractors, and users of facilities and influence the injured worker’s life both at home and at work. Therefore, in this research a survey of the factors influencing safety performance of workers is perfomed in order to help to decrease construction accidents. Since these factors would differ from society to socity, we just consider them in Khuzestan province, an accident-prone province in Iran. In this study, eight main factors and thirty three sub-factors were identified based on literature study and interview with experts. Then, questionnair was used to collect opinions of experts from Khuzestan. The collected data were analysed by Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the relative effect of each factor on safety performance. Results reveal the importance of safety training (priority=19.85) and safety management factors (priority=17.52) in Khuzestan province. Among safety training sub-factors, the behavioral improvement, and among safety management sub-factors, the commitment and responsibility are found to be more important than other sub-factors. Considering the mentioned results, safety training of workers and increasing of management commitment to safety can be introduced as suitable ways to increase the construction safety and decrease the construction accidents in Khuzestan.

Occupational fatigue due to its negative impacts of occupational fatigue on workers’ safety, performance and general health, has been increasingly considered. The objective of the present study was to assess reliability and construct validity of Persian version of Occupational Fatigue/Exhaustion Recovery questionnair (OFER-15) among Iranian working population. In this cross-sectional study, after determination of the linguistic validity of OFER-15 through forward and backward translation procedure, 501 randomly selected employees from two petrochemical companies with at least one year of job tenure entered the study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to determine validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The results of EFA identified a significant three-factor structure that had an acceptable compatibility to the model of original OFER-15 questionnaire. The best fitness in CFA analysis indicated an acceptable fit for the Persian version of OFER-15. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for internal consistency of dimensions including chronic fatigue, acute fatigue and recovery were 0.803, 0.814 and 0.684, respectively. The Persian version of OFER-15 questionnaire had acceptable reliability and construct validity for assessing work-related fatigue.

efficient safety is not only need to establish appropriate organizational structure, rules emotion and procedures; but also need to real commitment of top manager. We can find Primary organizational commitment signals about organizational safety policies in Safety Culture. Safety Culture is important factors that can cause every employer have an important role in organizational safety. The purpose of this paper is investigation of safety culture Components in Aviation Industries and providing appropriate guidance for improving and enhancement of safety culture. Investigation method of this paper is Scrolling and Descriptive. Data is collected by questionnaire form and reliability is calculated by Cronbach number (0/8) and validity of questionnaire is obtain by content. Research statistical social is an airport maintenances shop. SPSS software version19 is use for analyzing. The output of software shows that safety target and policies with average of 3/31, deviation criteria 0/492, obeying of safety rules with average of 3/67, deviation criteria 0/88, personnel attitude toward safety problem variables with average of 3/98, deviation criteria 0/123, are in good situation, but risk management with average of 2/98, deviation criteria 0/0557, promotion and training of safety culture with average of 2/93, deviation criteria 0/0414, personal participation and commitment of personal about rules with average of 2/61, deviation criteria 0/5917 variables are in not good situation. Efforts of managerial and staffs of airport is necessary for enhancement of safety culture and also for obtaining and reaching to these level of safety, managerial can use many policies such as attention to training and promotion of safety following with risk management beside to the other components.

Nitrite and nitrate are preservatives that have been used in meat products (sausages) and include carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was determining the mount of nitrite and nitrate in different types of meat products marketed in Kermanshah. The method of study is descriptive – cross-sectional. 100 samples were taken from meat products factories (19 factories) randomly. Nitrite and nitrate level was determined by spectrophotometric method. The mean differences were analyzed using ANOVA and T. Test methods. Level of nitrite and nitrate in different types of meat products were between 96 – 168 ppm respectively and 167 – 763 ppm respectively. Level of nitrite and nitrate in 76% and 70% samples were up to 100 ppm and 500 ppm. The difference between the means of nitrite and nitrate level in sausages with different meat content was not significant. The differences between the means of nitrite and nitrate level in different factories were significant (P<0.05). High level of nitrite and nitrate in meat products is worrying. Consequently observation the standards and measures these food additives in sausages are essential.