فصلنامه اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 9 (زمستان 1393)

Job satisfaction and individual and environmental factors affecting it, are the most important issues in the organizations because of their direct contact with human capital. Hence, evaluation the effect of individual and environmental factors on job satisfaction of employees in District 18 of Tehran municipality is the main purpose of this research. This is an applied research and data collection did through descriptive survey method. In order to collect primary data, a questionnaire package was used that included 34 questions in Likert scale. Validity of questionnaire was face validity and content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the reliability that was Equal to 0.881 for pre-test and 0.889 for post-test. The population of the study was all the staff of District 18 of Tehran municipality and 300 questionnaires were distributed among them by Stratified random manner. To do this research, two main hypotheses were developed and analyzed in two ways of descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive analysis, the parameters of frequency, percentage, mean were used and to test the hypothesis of independence of the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used. The results show a significant positive correlation between environmental factors and job satisfaction there. This data shows that the average job satisfaction of employees is 3.48 and average satisfaction of individual factors and environmental Respectively is equal to 3.77 and 3.14. The results show that individual factors situation is quite adequate, so take action to improve the environment factors is a priority.

The present study aimed to explore the role of organizational culture in the city is prepared to change bank employees Preparation of city bank personnel to change. Method of This research is cross – correlation and the Statistical Society is all city bank employees in Tehran about 2204 persons, using Cochran sampling formula, 327 subjects were selected randomly. Denison Organizational Culture Questionnaire (2000) and readiness to change questionnaire Dunham et al (1989) were used to collect Data. Also To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods like «r» Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) and stepwise regression were used. The results showed that between the organizational culture and its dimensions (involved in the work, consistency, adaptability and mission) and readiness to change of bank employees, there is a significant positive correlation. The results of stepwise regression showed that of the four dimensions of organizational culture (predictors): compatibility Predictor variables 0. 695, mission 0. 511 and Adaptation 0. 444 are predictive the readiness for change in the bank employees.

Society Consumption patterns have a prominent role to archive the development. Because its changes have a significant impact on other macroeconomic variables. Energy is the most important issue that the Correction the consumption patterns category and consuming behavior have a serious relation with it. Given that over half of the energy consumption in the country is belong to the household sector, its role and position of energy consumption is very effective. the socio-cultural factors are The most important factors that influence the households behavior and This is because the attitude and behavior of household consumption that has a socio-cultural origin. This study tried to assess resources and social institutions affecting on the Consuming behavior of urban society and consequently urban household energy efficiency and the impact and importance of each of them. For this purpose, all procedures, documents, surveys and qualitative analyzes and data used were based on the opinions of experts in this field were analyzed by Friedman test and SPSS software. The results showed that the family is the greatest amount of influence and then, media agencies and educational institutions have the same relative importance. Public and governmental institutions, public figures and celebrities, as well as relevant reference groups and friendship, are the next category that have the same impact. The last source, are public institutions and non-profit community and social institutions which are referred to other sources. these groups have the least effects.

In the economy of every society, housing is a basic need that should be considered. Hence, development in the housing sector has its effect on other economy sectors. So one of the significant needs of governments in the housing field is the housing price forecasts and determine the factors affecting the price of this product. The present research aimed to estimate the cost of housing and the factors affecting it in Ahwaz, fairly complete study of the neural network (multilayer perception model) to predict housing prices has done. The nature of the research is development-functional and the Way of doing it is analytical. In this research, 233 cases in 1392, according to statistics of the 16 variables were used to estimate the cost of housing. The MATLAB software was used to create an artificial neural network and finally the network with one hidden layer and 12 Nero was used. Also to determine the influence of various factors on the price of this good, it is used from the stepwise linear regression. The results indicated a 91 percent accuracy of neural network for housing price estimating in the city of Ahwaz. As well as the factors that influences the price of housing in the city infrastructure construction (size) and access to the largest accounts. Due to the high impact area of land and access is needed in planning, the construction of housing for these factors is more important than other factors.

Today, urbanization is growing in all countries. Increasing urban population growth has led to the development in various fields especially the economy. For example, according to the World Bank's World Development Report 2019, about 16% of world GDP is produced in the 30 cities in the world. But cities development has had many problems such as pollution, noise, traffic, etc. Accordingly many residents of metropolitans see the population growth at the root of their problems And city managers are faced with the question whether there is an optimal size for the city and if there is, what is its limits? In this paper, the optimal and sustainable size of the metropolises of the country has been estimated. Investigated metropolises due to lack of data, only include the cities of Tehran, Isfahan, Mashhad, Shiraz, in the year 1387 to the year 1391. The method is based on an economic model that has three local economic factors: firms, households and local government. The results showed that the size of Tehran metropolitan has crossed its sustainable and optimal size And metropolises of Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz has passed of optimal size but have a distance to the sustainable size.

In the new era of information explosion, a new phenomenon in organizations is the conscious organizational Forgetting. This phenomenon has led to research into the effects of the information accumulation in organizations and the ways out of it, are examined. In this context, the present study has been to investigate the relationship between organizational forgetting and the municipality performance on sustainable development. The population in this study consisted of managers and experts in Tehran municipality - district no 16- were approximately 700 people. By Using Cochran Formula, 400 people were chosen through purposive and stratified random sampling. In this study, the relationship between organizational forgetting with performance, knowledge management and organizational learning, were analyzed. The relationship between organizational learning and knowledge management were also tested. The relationship between organizational learning and knowledge management were also tested. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the conscious forgetting and urban management for sustainable development in urban areas. Hence, it is necessary to provide the infrastructure required to eliminate unnecessary past information.

Portions of towns in the process of their evolution are excluded from the reconstruction because of social and economic reasons. In these areas, most classes those are low-income residents or owners who live in other parts of this section are not willing to renovate their buildings. These areas have gradually become a place for social harms and are vulnerable to natural disasters, the existing mechanisms, no repair capability; therefore, governments and municipalities, with a diagnosis of the problem, the support facilities such as subsidies and The tax relief to create complications in the reconstruction of the areas they perform. But the limited resources available to the general public and the private sector's reluctance to invest in these areas, in addition to structural constraints, low effectiveness of subsidies and financial resources needed for modernization in these areas is limited. The major part of urban decay is Housing. The objective of this study has been to investigate the current methods of housing finance in Tehran decay parts and search to find a suitable method or methods for financing in the current situation and the near future, with the participation of all involved groups (manufacturers, suppliers and credit policy makers and planners urban decay).The main research method in this study is based on qualitative in-depth interviews with the basic theory,while the first part of the study used from quantitative method to determine the current status of housing finance in decay areas and Documentary method was used to investigate new experiences in housing finance and the experiences of selected countries (such as south Korea, turkey, china and Malaysia). The results show that the reference groups are agreed to the suitability of the six methods of financing to fund the modernization of the existing and future housing Distressed agree.

Mobility and movement are the basic needs of human life in all ages and today, despite advances in electronics in cyberspace, is an integral component of life. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of customer satisfaction dimensions from public transportation systems especially BRT system, based on statistical techniques. So this paper has examined the BRT system in terms of passenger satisfaction by questionnaire technique. Accordingly, the research method is analytical that used some techniques such as questionnaires, observation and study of the documents used. At the same time to analyze the data, in addition to participatory observation period of 6 months, statistical techniques, such as factor analysis, regression, etc were used. The results show the effectiveness of the four factors in the satisfaction of a BRT system. The fundamental factors are extracted, including service, speed, behavior and physical properties of the bus. Finally, this research suggests that continuous use of travelers from the BRT system is depend on a review of their satisfaction. In general, any geographical scale city planning, attention to the needs of citizens and the participation of all segments of society in the planning process. In general, any geographical scale city planning is needed to attention to the citizens and the participation of all segments of society in the planning process.

The highest purpose of development and urban management, is the improvement of lifequality and satisfaction of citizens from their residential environment, however, satisfaction is a multidimensional concept that arises from several factors.In recent years, the government to stop the rising cost of land and housing for low income families without housing, construction of low-cost housing units was located in the agenda by the name of Maskane Mehr. Now, Over several years after the construction of this residential areas, a question arises that How much of this housing residents satisfied with their residential environment And what is the urban management role in the satisfaction of these citizens.This paper tries to identify the most important factors affecting the level of satisfaction in the residential environment and provide a Satisfaction evaluation model in the studied sample of Maskane Mehr residents of the Bustan Complex in New Hashtgerd city.The research Method is analytical and documentary data and information through a survey and interviews with residents were collected through questionnaires distributed. Also the sample size was calculated 165 person according to the Cochran formula. Due to the lack of independence and dependence between agents, Fuzzy network analysis was used to identify possible dependencies between agents and their determination to develop the evaluation model. The results show that Many residents in the complex have relatively satisfied in some indicators such as good access to applications and utilities, as well as access to the transport network.

With the rapid increase in world population that is concentrated in cities, expansion of suburbs and horizontal spread of cities has been accelerated rapidly and the scale of urban planning crisis in many parts of the world has been expanded. Hence, compact urban development paradigm for achieving sustainability and social justice and space were considered. Accordingly, this paper tries to explain the modality of compact and city-wide development of Yazd with the use of descriptive categories of urban density. The research statistical community is the province of Yazd and Housing and Urban Development organization and the sample size is the total area of the city of Yazd.To collect comprehensive and useful information related to the subject, it was used a questionnaire, field monitoring and visiting. In order to testing the research hypothesizes, investigate the role of variables and obtain the results, it was used SPSS and LISREL software, regression analysis and analysis of variance. According to studies conducted in the years 1385-1345, the area of the city, and its population is about 19 and 5 times increased. During these years the gross population density of the city has been decreased from 131.3 to 34.5 persons per hectare. Severe reduction of the gross density of population, indicating the huge extent of city and remaining urban inactive and empty spaces in the city of Yazd, and finally, the horizontal development and urban extent of YazdThis instability leads to an urban sustainability in the optimal distribution of urban services and citizen accessibility to the life facilities and increasing the infrastructure expenditures and wasting energy.