فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 15، زمستان 1393)

Rural managers are one of the essential pillars of rural development in different periods on different topics such as duties and Dehban، Kadkhoda and… Office of Rural Affairs is responsible. Currently the two institutions responsible for the management of the village council and is Dhyary. The Dhyary as the executive arm of the rural development are key factors. Performance measurement and management of rural development is the topic of this research is trying to explain it. The studied population of 15،575 households in villages in the district Avramanat Dhyary form. Using Cochran formula (0. 07 = d; 0. 5 = p & q)، 193 households as a sample questionnaire to answer the questions (Cronbach''s alpha coefficient 0. 84) were determined. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software. The findings of the total performance index (TPI)، and one sample t-test showed that the new managers of rural (Dhyary) in the sustainable development of rural areas have relatively poor performance Avramanat. Also، the size of the rural practice of modern management (social، cultural، environmental، economic، agricultural، and political) to the social dimension of the mean 3. 06، have a good performance. Finally، the results of multiple regression showed that the variables consultation with the Council، be adequate to manage the problems، knowledge of rules and regulations، Dhyar satisfaction with their jobs and talk with people، 60. 1 percent of the variance in the dependent variable (performance of modern management sustainable rural development، rural) are explained.

Although intellectual capital is one of the new topics that have been discussed in the world scientific community and Iran in recent years, it is important to the extent that nowadays, the success of any administrative office have been dependent to management of this intangible resource. On the other hand, in modern age, it is quite obvious that urban management isnُ t limited to function of municipalities and city councils, but all organizations, offices and urban collections, which affect the city and the citizens, are urban management systems limits. This research is followed to study the role intellectual capital in increasing of efficiency of human Resources of educational uses. Study method is as kind of descriptive- analytical studies, and statistical population is personnel and faculty members of Payame-Noor universities in Guilan Province, and samples size (112 persons) are selected according to cluster sampling method. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis are used for hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital (and its dimensions: human capital, structural capital, relational capital) and efficiency of human Resources of Payame-Noor universities in Guilan Province. Increasing of intellectual capital and its dimensions increases efficiency of human Resources in this educational uses.

Recognition of housing status andprovinces ranking would serve as a powerful tool to increase the efficiency of governmental support policies, promote local justice and square distribution of services and facilities. This resent study investigates primary housing services and facilities in Iranian provinces in order to availability of housing facilities and services. The study aims to rank Iranian provinces in terms of their access to the housing services and facilities and to determine the privileged versus underprivileged provinces. The study also aims to examine the housing characteristics in different provinces in terms of the type and floor area of buildings. The study is sort of a descriptive and analytical one and for data analysis the method of Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) has been used. The results show that Sistan-o-baloochestan with regard to housing services and facilities bya total weighting of 0.022 is in a very poor condition and provinces such as Kerman and Hormozgan with an average weight of 0.027 are disadvantages provinces. Provinces such as Ardebil, Zanjan and Kohgilooyeh-o-boyerahmad with the average weight of 0.030 are less advantaged provinces and provinces such as Azarbayejan-e- sharghi,Ilam, Mazandaran and Hamedan with the average weight of 0.033 are relatively advantagedprovinces. Isfahan with the weight of 0.038 is the most advantaged province alongwith the other provinces, such as Yazd, Alborz, Tehran and Semnan with the average weight of 0.036 are advantaged provinces, in this regard.

One of the unstable areas of urban development, particulary in developing countries, is formation of informal settlement in urban areas and its suburbs.While these settlements considered as basic elements of disorder for certain parts of the city, they cause social, economical and cultural losses to the hole body of the city. Right now informal settlement of Gonbad Kavous include Afghan Abad, Seid Abad, Badaljeh and Chai Bouii that intensified spatial inequalities in the city.This study was done to evaluate the role of informal settlements in urban fragmentation of Gonbad's spatial struture. The methodology used a combination of analytical methods-descriptive and statistical to analize the survey data and to make them closer to the research objectives. For data analysis and draw maps and graphs SPSS Excel, and GIS used.Finding showed that most land areas in question have no official municipality document that permits to make such a buildings. However these settlements use muniapal services and facilities like other parts of the city and continue to grow in the city but their turbulant and chaotic aspects, irregular network of passages and the lack of standards for spatial distribution, impose considerable social and economic problems to urban fragmentation of Gonbad Kavous.

Management is considered as one of the most important elements of rural development which is the responsibility of dehyari in Iranian villages. This study is an applied research and its method is descriptive – analytic and Survey. The study sample has been formed from the villagers of Dehbakri in the central part the city of Bam that using random sampling and using Cochran formula, 384 people were selected. In order to determine the validity of the questions was used from experts and specialists opinions of Isfahan University. To determine the reliability of the questions was used Cronbach's alpha that the validity for the questions of the service sector was. /726, agricultural sector. /704 and Industrial Sector. /723. The results show that in the studied population, the residents ‘satisfaction from Dhyari performance that measured with Test, the index of service is average (t=1.514) and in the index of agriculture (t=-28.076) and industry(t=-15.876) is low.

By paying attention to the history and the genesis stages of cooperation and cooperative companies, it can be considered that the most important human motivations to cooperate with each other are need and common revenues. These two elements (need and common revenues) provided a common purpose and it is removing the need by cooperation and assistance. Regarding to the most successful countries in economics and social fields, that they are provided by cooperative companies, can be seen that cooperative companies are not applied just in economics. The present research considered the effects of Socio- economic activities in ranching cooperative companies in Sarvelayat, Nishabur County. This research in regard to the purpose is an applied research, it is a descriptive-analysis research based on nature and method. The instruments for gathering information are surveys and studying the documents and records.The surveys are applied to assessment the variables. To assure the validity scale of the survey, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and SPSS software were used. By using the all counting method, all members of the three companies were selected and in considering to the relevant variables of the research (the economy of the rural families) and the irrelevant variables (productive cooperative), the T tests of single-sample and relevant two-sample were regarded to examine the effect of irrelevant variables given on relevant variable. The results of this research showed that being the member of the ranching cooperatives has no effect on creating job, increasing the payment and improving the social and welfare condition of the villagers and peasants and also, it doesnt make the development of the rural.

The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyze the Feeling of security in rural border areas in the province of Elam. The research method in this study is survey and data were collected from 1230 patients in 525 villages in 1390. To evaluate and analyze Feeling of security, spatial statistical methods, including statistic Moran's and index, kriging method, and to explain the dependent variable, bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. The results showed that villagers Feeling of security in the province with an average of 2.48 is moderate to low, and there is no significant difference between Elam counties. Multiple regression analysis showed that the variables Enjoyment index, the media performance (radio), an indirect experience of crime, the population of the village, the villagers rely on the government, Physical implementation percent and performance of police are the most important factors influencing villagers Feeling of security.

Security of tenure is one of the most important issues in informal settlements. The proponents of upgrading informal settlements suggest that one of needed policies for such as settlements is securing tenure. Their justification is that securing tenure (especially perceived security of tenure) and supporting residents against non-voluntary demolition and evacuation of housing is a major role in improving the quality of housing, settlement improvement and empowerment of individuals. Given the importance of this issue, this study tried to measure perceived security of tenure of residents`Ghale Nov Dehraz in Sabzevar and discussed its impact on housing quality and residents` empowerment. The general approach is descriptive-analytical in in this research, A combination of library and field methods has been used for data collection. Questionnaire have been used for collecting data in the field study, sample size is 93 people and the unit of analysis is the household.Analysis method of data is statistical test including T test value and Pearson correlation. The results show that the security against forced evictions is high, but the indicator of confidence about serving of municipal officials is low in the neighborhood. Totally security of tenure is more than average in the study area. In addition, the results indicate significant impact of perceived security of tenure on the quality of housing and two components of the five components of empowerment (self-determination and trust).

Rapidly increasing urbanization without accompanying social and economic development indicators necessary for sustainable urbanization, Cities are faced with many problems. One of the emerging problems in marginalized neighborhoods in the large cities is The complex because of the large number of citizens and the lack of adequate municipal services, Disadvantage and poor quality of life, One of the fundamental challenges of sustainable urbanization are considered These areas have a high potential for a variety of injuries and social problems, and they can disregard the existence and can threaten the life of a city.We aimed to investigate the factors affecting the formation and development of marginalized communities Town Syedi, Imam Hassan The city of Kerman is. In this descriptive – analytical, The data were collected through a field study library Questionnaire used in the survey sample size of 371 patients was determined using Cochran's formula A quota sampling method and questionnaires were randomly distributed among residents of neighborhoods Syedi and Imam Hassan. And were analyzed by spss software, The results showed that the most important factor in developing the Kerman community migrated from the small rural - urban Who caused the economic attractions of the city of Kerman (such as access to better jobs and increased income) Economic and repulsion surrounding towns and villages (low income, access to facilities) And repulsion Social - Cultural previous residence (for low value and the lack of progress), respectively. And, finally led to the prevailing culture of poverty in these areas and consequently causes abnormalities urban(Employment of marginalized people in jobs in the false existence of unauthorized construction, increased crime, adverse impacts to cultural, social, economic, environmental pollution, urban, etc) is.